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History

The February Revolution in Petrograd

In this Class 9 History topic, students examine how the February Revolution of 1917 began in Petrograd amid food shortages, war-weariness, strikes, and growing opposition to Tsar Nicholas II. They learn how workers’ protests and soldiers’ mutiny weakened the autocracy, led to the Tsar’s abdication, and created a Provisional Government alongside the Petrograd Soviet. The topic connects these events to the wider rise of socialism and the Russian Revolution.

Expert · Level 4 · 25 questions

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  1. Dual power
  2. Complete Tsarism
  3. Foreign rule
  4. Religious monarchy
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  1. The use of force did not end the protests; instead, it increased the alienation of soldiers and people from the government
  2. The use of force immediately ended the food shortage
  3. After the use of force, all soldiers became more loyal to the government
  4. The use of force fulfilled the workers' demands for wages and bread
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  1. Because protests in the capital directly challenged the central government and its authority
  2. Because Petrograd was only a remote village
  3. Because there were no government institutions in Petrograd
  4. Because the war had no effect on Petrograd
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  1. Discontent was limited to workers alone
  2. Social and political opposition to Tsarist rule was growing at the same time
  3. The Duma had stopped all workers from striking
  4. The government immediately regained stability
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  1. Tsarist coercive authority was weakening as an alternative workers’ and soldiers’ institution emerged
  2. Russia was changing from a monarchy into a foreign colony
  3. Russia was moving from democracy to autocracy
  4. Russia was moving from peace to an expansion of the war
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  1. Political spread of protest from workers' areas towards centres of power
  2. Only the normal system of river trade
  3. The private travel route of the Tsar family
  4. Distribution of Russia's agricultural output
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  1. Because factory unrest and collective strikes began from there
  2. Because the Winter Palace was located there
  3. Because foreign army headquarters was there
  4. Because the Tsar's private parliament was there
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  1. Only a factory dispute
  2. Direct political pressure before symbols of power
  3. Rural tax movement
  4. Religious procession
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  1. Workers' unrest changing from local protest into a collective movement
  2. Immediate strengthening of Tsarism
  3. Success of war policy
  4. Duma becoming a foreign institution
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  1. Household food crisis and labour unrest turning into public politics
  2. Complete stability of Tsarism
  3. Declaration of immediate end of war
  4. Permanent power of the Duma
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  1. Factory unrest becoming a public urban political demonstration
  2. Palace celebration becoming a private ceremony
  3. Peasants' tax payment increasing
  4. Expansion of foreign trade
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  1. Fear that mass movement could break control over power
  2. Desire to give power to workers
  3. Happiness over the end of food crisis
  4. Confidence of victory in war
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  1. It increased political isolation and discontent by suppressing representative voice
  2. It immediately satisfied workers
  3. It fully pacified the army
  4. It solved the food crisis
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  1. It showed that support for the Tsar was declining even among political elites
  2. It made the Tsar's army stronger
  3. It made people return home
  4. It started foreign rule
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  1. Direct challenge before centres of power
  2. Only rural dispute
  3. Royal family celebration
  4. Foreign trade agreement
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  1. Government power of repression and surveillance
  2. Peasants' village assembly
  3. Foreign trade council
  4. Church education board
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  1. It made long labour and workplace exploitation a public demand
  2. It increased the Tsar's religious power
  3. It made foreign trade the main issue
  4. It showed peasants' crop problem
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  1. It added the question of change in rule and political rights
  2. It ended the demand for bread
  3. It legitimised Tsarism
  4. It demanded expansion of war
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  1. It gave an institution to organised representation of workers and soldiers
  2. It gave the Tsar family a new advisory body
  3. It formed a property committee of landlords
  4. It formed a foreign trade council
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  1. Control over production and capacity for military repression
  2. Church worship and marriage system
  3. Foreign trade and sea travel
  4. Peasant tax and palace painting
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  1. The ruler had lost reliable control over the army and capital
  2. The Tsar had fulfilled all public demands
  3. The Duma had made monarchy permanent
  4. Workers had ended the movement
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  1. Because it was an interim arrangement until a future Constituent Assembly
  2. Because it was the Tsar's private army
  3. Because it was a foreign trading company
  4. Because it ended Soviets on the same day
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  1. Expansion of secret police rule
  2. Opening space for civic political activities
  3. Return of Tsarist taxes
  4. Establishment of foreign military rule
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  1. Political activity of workers and soldiers at local levels
  2. Expansion of the Tsar family into villages
  3. Rule of foreign trade unions
  4. Return of Church tax system
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  1. The political order was still in transition and experimentation
  2. Tsarism had fully returned
  3. All parties had abolished elections
  4. Foreign kings had written the constitution

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