NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams, link the word Net with deduction of replacement cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product. NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams, link the word Net with deduction of replacement cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में Net शब्द को replacement cost घटाने से जोड़ें।
For NNP at market price, depreciation is deducted from GNP. In formula questions, check MP and FC carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation\). For NNP at market price, depreciation is deducted from GNP. In formula questions, check MP and FC carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य पर NNP के लिए GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। सूत्र वाले प्रश्नों में MP और FC को ध्यान से देखें।
B. स्थिर पूंजी का उपभोग/Consumption of fixed capital
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output after deducting wear and tear of fixed capital. This is also called depreciation or capital consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थिर पूंजी का उपभोग / Consumption of fixed capital. NNP shows net output after deducting wear and tear of fixed capital. This is also called depreciation or capital consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP स्थिर पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन दिखाता है। इसे depreciation या capital consumption भी कहते हैं।
B. क्योंकि यह सामान्य निवासियों की आय को शामिल करता है/Because it includes income of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept because it includes net income of normal residents. Remember the residence principle difference between Domestic and National.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि यह सामान्य निवासियों की आय को शामिल करता है / Because it includes income of normal residents. NNP is a national concept because it includes net income of normal residents. Remember the residence principle difference between Domestic and National.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा है क्योंकि इसमें सामान्य निवासियों की शुद्ध आय शामिल होती है। Domestic और National में residence principle का अंतर याद रखें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP includes net factor income from abroad, while NDP remains limited to domestic territory. Focus on adding or subtracting NFIA between NNP and NDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP includes net factor income from abroad, while NDP remains limited to domestic territory. Focus on adding or subtracting NFIA between NNP and NDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय शामिल होती है जबकि NDP घरेलू क्षेत्र तक सीमित रहता है। NNP और NDP के बीच NFIA जोड़ने या घटाने पर ध्यान दें।
Adding negative NFIA means subtracting it, so \(NNP_{MP}=870\) crore. Watch the sign because this is a common mistake.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 870 करोड़ / 870 crore. Adding negative NFIA means subtracting it, so \(NNP_{MP}=870\) crore. Watch the sign because this is a common mistake.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative NFIA को जोड़ने का अर्थ घटाना है इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=870\) करोड़ होगा। संकेत पर ध्यान दें क्योंकि यही सामान्य गलती होती है।
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In board exams, the most common form of National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. राष्ट्रीय आय / National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In board exams, the most common form of National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है। बोर्ड परीक्षा में National Income का सबसे सामान्य रूप \(NNP_{FC}\) होता है।
B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं/Net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
To move from market price to factor cost, net indirect taxes are subtracted. Remember to deduct NIT in MP to FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं / Net indirect taxes are subtracted. To move from market price to factor cost, net indirect taxes are subtracted. Remember to deduct NIT in MP to FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर जाने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं। MP से FC conversion में NIT घटाना याद रखें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) crore. While calculating National Income, deduct net indirect tax from market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 620 करोड़ / 620 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) crore. While calculating National Income, deduct net indirect tax from market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) करोड़ होगा। राष्ट्रीय आय निकालते समय market price से net indirect tax घटाएं।
B. मूल्यह्रास घटाया गया है/Depreciation has been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Net means depreciation has been deducted from the gross value. Identify the difference between Gross and Net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास घटाया गया है / Depreciation has been deducted. Net means depreciation has been deducted from the gross value. Identify the difference between Gross and Net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net का अर्थ सकल मूल्य में से मूल्यह्रास घटाना है। Gross और Net का अंतर depreciation से पहचानें।
B. स्थायी शुद्ध उत्पादन क्षमता/Sustainable net production capacity
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net production after deducting capital wear and tear. Therefore, it better indicates the real availability of output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थायी शुद्ध उत्पादन क्षमता / Sustainable net production capacity. NNP shows net production after deducting capital wear and tear. Therefore, it better indicates the real availability of output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन को दिखाता है। इसलिए यह उत्पादन की वास्तविक उपलब्धता को बेहतर बताता है।
First \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), then \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) crore. Remember the order: domestic to national, then gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 950 करोड़ / 950 crore. First \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), then \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) crore. Remember the order: domestic to national, then gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), फिर \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) करोड़। क्रम याद रखें पहले domestic से national, फिर gross से net।
B. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन मिलता है/NNP gives net output by deducting depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation is deducted in NNP, so it is net output. Being a national aggregate, it can also be affected by NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन मिलता है / NNP gives net output by deducting depreciation. Depreciation is deducted in NNP, so it is net output. Being a national aggregate, it can also be affected by NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में depreciation घटता है इसलिए यह शुद्ध उत्पादन है। National aggregate होने के कारण इसमें NFIA का प्रभाव भी हो सकता है।
NNP at current prices shows nominal value. Constant prices are used for real comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मौद्रिक या नाममात्र NNP / Money or nominal NNP. NNP at current prices shows nominal value. Constant prices are used for real comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर NNP nominal value बताता है। Real comparison के लिए constant prices का उपयोग किया जाता है।
B. मुद्रास्फीति के प्रभाव को हटाकर वास्तविक परिवर्तन जानना/To know real change after removing inflation effect
Step 1
Concept
NNP at constant prices shows real output change. Removing the inflation effect is important for time comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मुद्रास्फीति के प्रभाव को हटाकर वास्तविक परिवर्तन जानना / To know real change after removing inflation effect. NNP at constant prices shows real output change. Removing the inflation effect is important for time comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices पर NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन परिवर्तन दिखाता है। समय तुलना में inflation effect हटाना जरूरी होता है।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) crore. Even at FC, depreciation is deducted to convert gross into net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 830 करोड़ / 830 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) crore. Even at FC, depreciation is deducted to convert gross into net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) करोड़ होगा। FC पर भी gross से net बनाने के लिए depreciation घटता है।
A. उत्पादकों को साधनों के योगदान के बदले मिलने वाली लागत/Cost paid to factors for their contribution
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost represents rewards received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is important from the income viewpoint.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादकों को साधनों के योगदान के बदले मिलने वाली लागत / Cost paid to factors for their contribution. Factor cost represents rewards received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is important from the income viewpoint.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल को दर्शाती है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) आय दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण है।
B. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाया गया मूल्य जिसमें अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव हो सकता है/Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect taxes and subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Market price represents the price paid by the buyer. It includes the effect of net indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाया गया मूल्य जिसमें अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव हो सकता है / Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Market price represents the price paid by the buyer. It includes the effect of net indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price खरीदार द्वारा दिए गए मूल्य को दर्शाता है। इसमें net indirect taxes का प्रभाव शामिल रहता है।
A. जब मूल्यह्रास धनात्मक हो/When depreciation is positive
Step 1
Concept
NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If depreciation is positive, NNP will be lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब मूल्यह्रास धनात्मक हो / When depreciation is positive. NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If depreciation is positive, NNP will be lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP हमेशा GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है। यदि depreciation positive है तो NNP कम होगा।
A. GDP से NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT घटाएं/Add NFIA to GDP, deduct depreciation, deduct NIT
Step 1
Concept
NFIA is added to move from domestic to national, and depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net. NIT must be deducted to move from MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP से NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT घटाएं / Add NFIA to GDP, deduct depreciation, deduct NIT. NFIA is added to move from domestic to national, and depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net. NIT must be deducted to move from MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic से national के लिए NFIA जोड़ा जाता है और gross से net के लिए depreciation घटता है। MP से FC के लिए NIT घटाना जरूरी है।
\(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), and \(NNP_{FC}=970\) crore. Solve signs and conversion steps in order.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 970 करोड़ / 970 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), and \(NNP_{FC}=970\) crore. Solve signs and conversion steps in order.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), और \(NNP_{FC}=970\) करोड़ होगा। संकेत और conversion steps को क्रम में हल करें।
B. मूल्यह्रास के रूप में घटाया जाता है/Deducted as depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Wear and tear of machines is called depreciation and is deducted in NNP. This gives a correct estimate of net output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास के रूप में घटाया जाता है / Deducted as depreciation. Wear and tear of machines is called depreciation and is deducted in NNP. This gives a correct estimate of net output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मशीनों का घिसाव depreciation कहलाता है और NNP में घटाया जाता है। इससे शुद्ध उत्पादन का सही अनुमान मिलता है।
A. साधनों को प्राप्त कुल शुद्ध आय/Total net income received by factors
Step 1
Concept
Under the income method, \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net incomes of factors of production. Study it as National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. साधनों को प्राप्त कुल शुद्ध आय / Total net income received by factors. Under the income method, \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net incomes of factors of production. Study it as National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में \(NNP_{FC}\) उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध आय का योग है। इसे National Income के रूप में पढ़ें।
A. मूल्यह्रास की भरपाई/Replacement of depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Replacement investment compensates for the wear and tear of old capital. The same depreciation is deducted from gross to calculate NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास की भरपाई / Replacement of depreciation. Replacement investment compensates for the wear and tear of old capital. The same depreciation is deducted from gross to calculate NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Replacement investment पुरानी पूंजी के घिसाव की भरपाई करता है। NNP निकालते समय इसी depreciation को gross से घटाया जाता है।
The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. If both are equal, depreciation is considered zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास शून्य है / Depreciation is zero. The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. If both are equal, depreciation is considered zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation होता है। दोनों बराबर हों तो depreciation शून्य माना जाएगा।
A. Subsidies को NIT में ध्यान में रखा जाता है/Subsidies are considered in NIT
Step 1
Concept
NIT means indirect taxes minus subsidies. Therefore, subsidy affects MP to FC conversion through NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies को NIT में ध्यान में रखा जाता है / Subsidies are considered in NIT. NIT means indirect taxes minus subsidies. Therefore, subsidy affects MP to FC conversion through NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT का अर्थ indirect taxes minus subsidies है। इसलिए MP से FC conversion में subsidy का प्रभाव NIT के माध्यम से आता है।
A. विदेश में काम कर रहे सामान्य निवासियों की साधन आय/Factor income of normal residents working abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so factor income received by normal residents from abroad may be included. Keep the difference between resident and territory clear in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश में काम कर रहे सामान्य निवासियों की साधन आय / Factor income of normal residents working abroad. NNP is a national concept, so factor income received by normal residents from abroad may be included. Keep the difference between resident and territory clear in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए सामान्य निवासियों की विदेश से प्राप्त साधन आय शामिल हो सकती है। परीक्षा में resident और territory का अंतर स्पष्ट रखें।
A. यह NFIA में outward payment के रूप में घटती है/It is deducted as outward payment in NFIA
Step 1
Concept
Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In a national aggregate, only income of normal residents is finally considered.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह NFIA में outward payment के रूप में घटती है / It is deducted as outward payment in NFIA. Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In a national aggregate, only income of normal residents is finally considered.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को दी गई साधन आय NFIA को कम करती है। National aggregate में केवल सामान्य निवासियों की आय को अंतिम रूप से लिया जाता है।
Adding NFIA to \(GDP_{MP}\) makes it national, and deducting depreciation makes it net. This is the correct relation for \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\). Adding NFIA to \(GDP_{MP}\) makes it national, and deducting depreciation makes it net. This is the correct relation for \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) में NFIA जोड़कर national बनता है और depreciation घटाकर net बनता है। यही \(NNP_{MP}\) का सही संबंध है।
GDP is domestic and gross, while NNP is national and net. Therefore, both NFIA and depreciation may need adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA और मूल्यह्रास / NFIA and depreciation. GDP is domestic and gross, while NNP is national and net. Therefore, both NFIA and depreciation may need adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic और gross होता है जबकि NNP national और net होता है। इसलिए NFIA और depreciation दोनों का समायोजन करना पड़ सकता है।
B. क्योंकि यह पूंजी को बनाए रखने की लागत है/Because it is the cost of maintaining capital
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation represents the cost of keeping capital intact. Deducting it gives net available output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि यह पूंजी को बनाए रखने की लागत है / Because it is the cost of maintaining capital. Depreciation represents the cost of keeping capital intact. Deducting it gives net available output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास पूंजी को पहले जैसी स्थिति में रखने की लागत दर्शाता है। इसे घटाने से शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन मिलता है।
Without deducting depreciation, the measure remains gross. Deducting depreciation is necessary for a net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सकल / Gross. Without deducting depreciation, the measure remains gross. Deducting depreciation is necessary for a net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाए बिना माप gross रहता है। Net measure के लिए depreciation घटाना अनिवार्य है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और NIT घटाएं/Deduct depreciation and deduct NIT
Step 1
Concept
From \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation is deducted for \(NNP_{MP}\), and NIT is deducted for \(NNP_{FC}\). This is a two-step conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और NIT घटाएं / Deduct depreciation and deduct NIT. From \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation is deducted for \(NNP_{MP}\), and NIT is deducted for \(NNP_{FC}\). This is a two-step conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) के लिए depreciation घटता है और \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए NIT घटता है। यह दो-step conversion है।
\(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), then \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) crore. First make it net, then convert to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 810 करोड़ / 810 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), then \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) crore. First make it net, then convert to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) करोड़। पहले net बनाएं फिर factor cost पर बदलें।
A. क्योंकि यह केवल गैर-बाजार गतिविधियों और वितरण जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not fully show aspects like non-market activities and distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a monetary measure of output but does not show all aspects of welfare. In exams, write the difference between income and welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह केवल गैर-बाजार गतिविधियों और वितरण जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not fully show aspects like non-market activities and distribution. NNP is a monetary measure of output but does not show all aspects of welfare. In exams, write the difference between income and welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP उत्पादन का मौद्रिक माप है लेकिन welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में income और welfare में अंतर लिखें।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking the value of final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. The final value principle is very important in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking the value of final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. The final value principle is very important in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं का मूल्य लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। राष्ट्रीय आय में final value principle बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
B. जब शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हो/When net indirect taxes are negative
Step 1
Concept
If NIT is negative, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) can make FC greater. This happens when subsidies exceed indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. जब शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हो / When net indirect taxes are negative. If NIT is negative, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) can make FC greater. This happens when subsidies exceed indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यदि NIT negative है तो \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) से FC अधिक हो सकता है। यह तब होता है जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों।
A. एक वर्ष में सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का शुद्ध मूल्य/Net value of final goods and services produced by normal residents in one year
Step 1
Concept
NNP is the net value of final output of normal residents. The time period is generally one year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक वर्ष में सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का शुद्ध मूल्य / Net value of final goods and services produced by normal residents in one year. NNP is the net value of final output of normal residents. The time period is generally one year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों के अंतिम उत्पादन का शुद्ध मूल्य है। समय अवधि सामान्यतः एक वर्ष मानी जाती है।
\(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), then \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) crore. Deduct depreciation to convert gross into net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 880 करोड़ / 880 crore. \(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), then \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) crore. Deduct depreciation to convert gross into net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) करोड़। Gross से net बनाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, always check population.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जनसंख्या से भाग देकर / By dividing by population. Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, always check population.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita NNP कुल NNP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर मिलता है। औसत आय के प्रश्नों में population जरूर देखें।
A. NFIA, मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर/NFIA, depreciation and net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
NFIA, depreciation and NIT are key adjustments in different forms of NNP. Choose the correct adjustment according to the given base aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA, मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / NFIA, depreciation and net indirect taxes. NFIA, depreciation and NIT are key adjustments in different forms of NNP. Choose the correct adjustment according to the given base aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP के विभिन्न रूपों में NFIA, depreciation और NIT प्रमुख समायोजन हैं। प्रश्न में दिए base aggregate के अनुसार सही adjustment चुनें।
\(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\). If MP is given in the question, identify market price in the answer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार मूल्य / Market price. \(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\). If MP is given in the question, identify market price in the answer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\) होता है। प्रश्न में MP दिया हो तो उत्तर में market price पहचानें।
A. सामान्य निवासियों का सिद्धांत/Principle of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so it is linked with normal residents. Domestic concept focuses only on economic territory.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों का सिद्धांत / Principle of normal residents. NNP is a national concept, so it is linked with normal residents. Domestic concept focuses only on economic territory.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए यह सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा होता है। Domestic concept में केवल आर्थिक क्षेत्र पर ध्यान होता है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली शुद्ध आय दिखाता है/Because it shows net income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net income of factors of production. That is why it is called National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली शुद्ध आय दिखाता है / Because it shows net income received by factors of production. \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net income of factors of production. That is why it is called National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध आय का योग है। इसी कारण इसे National Income कहा जाता है।
NIT is deducted to move from market price to factor cost. This conversion formula is very important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). NIT is deducted to move from market price to factor cost. This conversion formula is very important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price से factor cost पर जाने के लिए NIT घटाया जाता है। यह conversion formula बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Always remember the final value principle in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचना / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Always remember the final value principle in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। राष्ट्रीय आय में final value principle हमेशा याद रखें।
The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. In such direct relation questions, calculation remains simple.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 95 करोड़ / 95 crore. The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. In such direct relation questions, calculation remains simple.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation के बराबर होता है। ऐसे प्रत्यक्ष relation वाले प्रश्नों में calculation सरल रहती है।
A. NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं/Add NFIA and deduct depreciation
Step 1
Concept
From GDP to NNP, both domestic to national and gross to net changes occur. Therefore add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं / Add NFIA and deduct depreciation. From GDP to NNP, both domestic to national and gross to net changes occur. Therefore add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP तक domestic से national और gross से net दोनों परिवर्तन होते हैं। इसलिए NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं।
NNP measured at current prices is called nominal NNP. Check constant prices to remove the effect of price change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाममात्र NNP / Nominal NNP. NNP measured at current prices is called nominal NNP. Check constant prices to remove the effect of price change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर मापा गया NNP nominal NNP कहलाता है। Price change के प्रभाव को हटाने के लिए constant prices देखें।
Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This shows the real rise or fall in NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन परिवर्तन / Real output change. Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This shows the real rise or fall in NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices inflation के प्रभाव को हटाते हैं। इससे NNP में वास्तविक वृद्धि या कमी का पता चलता है।
A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल/Rewards received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is linked with the income viewpoint.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल / Rewards received by factors of production. Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is linked with the income viewpoint.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost उत्पादन साधनों को मिली आय पर आधारित होती है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) को income viewpoint से जोड़ा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि market price खरीदार द्वारा चुकाए गए मूल्य को दिखाता है/Because market price shows the price paid by buyer
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. NIT is removed to convert it into FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि market price खरीदार द्वारा चुकाए गए मूल्य को दिखाता है / Because market price shows the price paid by buyer. Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. NIT is removed to convert it into FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का प्रभाव शामिल रहता है। FC में बदलने के लिए NIT हटाया जाता है।
When negative NIT is deducted from \(NNP_{MP}\), value is effectively added. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) can be higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\), \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है. When negative NIT is deducted from \(NNP_{MP}\), value is effectively added. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) can be higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative NIT को \(NNP_{MP}\) से घटाने पर वास्तव में मूल्य जुड़ता है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) अधिक हो सकता है।
A. क्योंकि यह domestic aggregate को national aggregate में बदलती है/Because it converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
NFIA acts as a bridge between domestic and national aggregates. NNP is a national concept, so NFIA is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह domestic aggregate को national aggregate में बदलती है / Because it converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate. NFIA acts as a bridge between domestic and national aggregates. NNP is a national concept, so NFIA is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA domestic और national aggregates के बीच पुल का काम करती है। NNP national concept है इसलिए NFIA महत्वपूर्ण है।
When factor income received from abroad is higher, NFIA is positive. Positive NFIA increases the national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धनात्मक / Positive. When factor income received from abroad is higher, NFIA is positive. Positive NFIA increases the national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त साधन आय अधिक होने पर NFIA positive होता है। Positive NFIA national aggregate को बढ़ाता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
The income method includes income received by factors of production. Compensation of employees is part of factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. The income method includes income received by factors of production. Compensation of employees is part of factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में उत्पादन साधनों को मिली आय शामिल होती है। कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक factor income का भाग है।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले नहीं मिलतीं/Because they are not received against current production
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not income against productive services. NNP includes only income and value linked with current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले नहीं मिलतीं / Because they are not received against current production. Transfer payments are not income against productive services. NNP includes only income and value linked with current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments उत्पादन सेवा के बदले आय नहीं होतीं। NNP में केवल वर्तमान उत्पादन से जुड़ी आय और मूल्य शामिल होते हैं।
A. क्योंकि उनका मूल्य पहले ही उत्पादन वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है/Because their value was already counted in the year of production
Step 1
Concept
Second-hand goods are not current production. Adding them may cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका मूल्य पहले ही उत्पादन वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है / Because their value was already counted in the year of production. Second-hand goods are not current production. Adding them may cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Second-hand goods वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं हैं। इसलिए उन्हें जोड़ने से double counting हो सकती है।
National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\), and (1600-250=1350) crore. Deduct depreciation to derive NI from GNP at FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1350 करोड़ / 1350 crore. National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\), and (1600-250=1350) crore. Deduct depreciation to derive NI from GNP at FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National Income \(NNP_{FC}\) है और (1600-250=1350) करोड़ होगा। GNP at FC से NI निकालने में depreciation घटाएं।
\(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) crore. Negative NFIA and depreciation both have a reducing effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1150 करोड़ / 1150 crore. \(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) crore. Negative NFIA and depreciation both have a reducing effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) करोड़। Negative NFIA और depreciation दोनों घटाने जैसे प्रभाव देते हैं।
A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित मूल्य है/Because it is the estimated value of housing service
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, its estimated rent can be treated as value of productive service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित मूल्य है / Because it is the estimated value of housing service. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, its estimated rent can be treated as value of productive service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service देता है। इसलिए उसके अनुमानित किराए को उत्पादन सेवा के मूल्य के रूप में माना जा सकता है।
Real NNP reduces the effect of price changes. In comparison, attention should be given to constant prices and purchasing power aspects.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real NNP. Real NNP reduces the effect of price changes. In comparison, attention should be given to constant prices and purchasing power aspects.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real NNP कीमतों के परिवर्तन का प्रभाव कम करता है। तुलना में constant prices और purchasing power जैसे पहलुओं पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
A. यह आय वितरण की असमानता पूरी तरह नहीं बताता/It does not fully show inequality in income distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net income but not equality of distribution. In welfare questions, also mention qualitative factors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह आय वितरण की असमानता पूरी तरह नहीं बताता / It does not fully show inequality in income distribution. NNP shows total net income but not equality of distribution. In welfare questions, also mention qualitative factors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP कुल शुद्ध आय दिखाता है लेकिन वितरण की समानता नहीं बताता। Welfare questions में qualitative factors भी लिखें।
Capital consumption allowance represents depreciation. It is deducted from the gross aggregate while calculating NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation. Capital consumption allowance represents depreciation. It is deducted from the gross aggregate while calculating NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation को ही दर्शाता है। NNP निकालते समय इसे gross aggregate से घटाया जाता है।
A. घरेलू गैर-बाजार सेवाएं अक्सर छूट सकती हैं/Household non-market services may often be left out
Step 1
Concept
NNP easily measures market-valued output. Many non-market services may not be fully included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू गैर-बाजार सेवाएं अक्सर छूट सकती हैं / Household non-market services may often be left out. NNP easily measures market-valued output. Many non-market services may not be fully included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP बाजार में मूल्यांकित उत्पादन को आसानी से मापता है। कई non-market services पूरी तरह शामिल नहीं हो पातीं।
A. Depreciation और NIT घटाना/Deduct depreciation and NIT
Step 1
Concept
Deduct depreciation for net and NIT for FC from \(GNP_{MP}\). NFIA is not needed here because GNP is already national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation और NIT घटाना / Deduct depreciation and NIT. Deduct depreciation for net and NIT for FC from \(GNP_{MP}\). NFIA is not needed here because GNP is already national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से net के लिए depreciation घटाएं और FC के लिए NIT घटाएं। यहां NFIA की जरूरत नहीं क्योंकि GNP पहले से national है।
\(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) crore. Stepwise conversion reduces mistakes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1440 करोड़ / 1440 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) crore. Stepwise conversion reduces mistakes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) करोड़। Stepwise conversion से गलती कम होती है।
Add NFIA for National, deduct depreciation for Net, and deduct NIT for FC. This is the complete conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Add NFIA for National, deduct depreciation for Net, and deduct NIT for FC. This is the complete conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से National के लिए NFIA जोड़ें, Net के लिए depreciation घटाएं और FC के लिए NIT घटाएं। यही पूरा conversion है।
A. क्योंकि पर्यावरण क्षति और असमानता जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं/Because aspects like environmental damage and inequality may be missed
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows economic output but not all aspects of quality of life. For welfare, consider distribution and environment along with income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि पर्यावरण क्षति और असमानता जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं / Because aspects like environmental damage and inequality may be missed. NNP shows economic output but not all aspects of quality of life. For welfare, consider distribution and environment along with income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP आर्थिक उत्पादन दिखाता है लेकिन जीवन गुणवत्ता के सभी पहलू नहीं। Welfare के लिए income के साथ distribution और environment भी देखें।
A. उन्हें investment का भाग माना जा सकता है/They can be treated as part of investment
Step 1
Concept
Unsold final goods are also part of current production. Therefore, they can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उन्हें investment का भाग माना जा सकता है / They can be treated as part of investment. Unsold final goods are also part of current production. Therefore, they can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold final goods भी current production का भाग होते हैं। इसलिए वे inventory investment के रूप में गिने जा सकते हैं।
The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना / Double counting. The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का मूल्य final goods में पहले ही शामिल हो जाता है। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होगी।
A. Depreciation घटा हुआ है/Depreciation has been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Both NNP and NDP are net aggregates. In both, depreciation has been deducted from gross.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation घटा हुआ है / Depreciation has been deducted. Both NNP and NDP are net aggregates. In both, depreciation has been deducted from gross.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP दोनों net aggregates हैं। दोनों में gross से depreciation घटाया गया होता है।
Per capita \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) rupees. In per capita calculation, divide total amount by population.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 50 रुपये / 50 rupees. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) rupees. In per capita calculation, divide total amount by population.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) रुपये होगा। Per capita में कुल राशि को population से भाग देते हैं।
A. NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs गलत लगाना/Applying wrong signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT
Step 1
Concept
Signs are very important in NNP questions. Focus on NFIA for domestic to national, depreciation for gross to net, and NIT for MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs गलत लगाना / Applying wrong signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT. Signs are very important in NNP questions. Focus on NFIA for domestic to national, depreciation for gross to net, and NIT for MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP questions में signs बहुत महत्वपूर्ण होते हैं। Domestic से national में NFIA, gross से net में depreciation और MP से FC में NIT पर ध्यान दें।
When NIT is zero, \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) are equal. In MP to FC conversion, check only the NIT difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1150 करोड़ / 1150 crore. When NIT is zero, \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) are equal. In MP to FC conversion, check only the NIT difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब NIT शून्य होता है तो \(NNP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{FC}\) बराबर होते हैं। MP से FC conversion में केवल NIT का अंतर देखें।
B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन मूल्य/Net national output value
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows the net output value of normal residents. Remember that the word Net indicates deduction of depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन मूल्य / Net national output value. NNP shows the net output value of normal residents. Remember that the word Net indicates deduction of depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों के शुद्ध उत्पादन मूल्य को दिखाता है। Net शब्द से depreciation घटने की बात याद रखें।
B. यह उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध अर्जित आय है/It is net earned income of factors of production
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is the net sum of factor incomes. Therefore, it is called National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. यह उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध अर्जित आय है / It is net earned income of factors of production. \(NNP_{FC}\) is the net sum of factor incomes. Therefore, it is called National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) factor incomes का शुद्ध योग होता है। इसलिए इसे National Income कहा जाता है।
B. इसे depreciation के रूप में घटाया जाता है/It is deducted as depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Capital consumption allowance is another name for depreciation. It is deducted from gross value while calculating NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. इसे depreciation के रूप में घटाया जाता है / It is deducted as depreciation. Capital consumption allowance is another name for depreciation. It is deducted from gross value while calculating NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation का ही दूसरा नाम है। NNP निकालते समय इसे gross value से घटाते हैं।
When NIT is positive, market price includes a higher tax effect. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}\) can be greater than \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NIT धनात्मक हो / When NIT is positive. When NIT is positive, market price includes a higher tax effect. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}\) can be greater than \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Positive NIT होने पर market price में करों का प्रभाव अधिक होता है। इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{FC}\) से अधिक हो सकता है।
NFIA adjusts Domestic to National, depreciation adjusts Gross to Net, and NIT adjusts MP to FC. Apply the signs carefully in the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). NFIA adjusts Domestic to National, depreciation adjusts Gross to Net, and NIT adjusts MP to FC. Apply the signs carefully in the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic से National के लिए NFIA, Gross से Net के लिए depreciation और MP से FC के लिए NIT समायोजित होता है। सूत्र में signs को ध्यान से लगाएं।
A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव शामिल हो जाता है/Effect of price changes is included
Step 1
Concept
At current prices, nominal changes include the price effect. Use constant prices for real comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव शामिल हो जाता है / Effect of price changes is included. At current prices, nominal changes include the price effect. Use constant prices for real comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर nominal changes में price effect भी शामिल होता है। Real comparison के लिए constant prices का उपयोग करें।
Real NNP is measured at constant prices so that the inflation effect can be removed. Real value is more useful in time comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. Constant prices. Real NNP is measured at constant prices so that the inflation effect can be removed. Real value is more useful in time comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real NNP constant prices पर मापा जाता है ताकि inflation effect हट सके। समय तुलना में real value अधिक उपयोगी होती है।
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) crore. Understand the difference between MP and FC through net indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 90 करोड़ / 90 crore. \(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) crore. Understand the difference between MP and FC through net indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) करोड़ होगा। MP और FC के अंतर को net indirect taxes से समझें।
B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिए/To prevent double counting
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिए / To prevent double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का मूल्य final goods में शामिल हो जाता है। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होगी।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because they are not new production of the current year
Step 1
Concept
Second-hand goods were already counted in a previous production year. NNP focuses on current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because they are not new production of the current year. Second-hand goods were already counted in a previous production year. NNP focuses on current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Second-hand goods का उत्पादन पहले ही किसी पिछले वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है। NNP में current production को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है।
A. वे उत्पादक सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं हैं/They are not payments against productive services
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not received for contribution to current production. Therefore, they are not included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे उत्पादक सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं हैं / They are not payments against productive services. Transfer payments are not received for contribution to current production. Therefore, they are not included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments current production में योगदान के बदले नहीं मिलतीं। इसलिए उन्हें राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित उत्पादन मूल्य है/Because it is estimated output value of housing service
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, estimated rent can be taken as output value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित उत्पादन मूल्य है / Because it is estimated output value of housing service. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, estimated rent can be taken as output value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service प्रदान करता है। इसलिए अनुमानित किराया output value के रूप में लिया जा सकता है।
A. यह आय वितरण को पूरी तरह नहीं बताता/It does not fully show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net income but not its distribution. Distribution is also important in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह आय वितरण को पूरी तरह नहीं बताता / It does not fully show income distribution. NNP shows total net income but not its distribution. Distribution is also important in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP कुल शुद्ध आय दिखाता है लेकिन आय का वितरण नहीं बताता। Welfare विश्लेषण में distribution भी महत्वपूर्ण है।
The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. This relation is very useful in direct numericals.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 410 करोड़ / 410 crore. The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. This relation is very useful in direct numericals.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP के बीच अंतर depreciation के बराबर होता है। यह relation direct numerical में बहुत उपयोगी है।
When NIT is zero, there is no difference between market price and factor cost. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों बराबर होंगे / Both will be equal. When NIT is zero, there is no difference between market price and factor cost. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT शून्य होने पर market price और factor cost में अंतर नहीं रहता। इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\) होगा।
A. जब NNP current prices पर मापा जाए/When NNP is measured at current prices
Step 1
Concept
At current prices, nominal NNP may rise due to inflation. Check constant prices to see real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NNP current prices पर मापा जाए / When NNP is measured at current prices. At current prices, nominal NNP may rise due to inflation. Check constant prices to see real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर inflation के कारण nominal NNP बढ़ सकता है। वास्तविक वृद्धि देखने के लिए constant prices देखें।
In mixed income, wages and profit of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. It is taken as factor income in the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्व-नियोजित व्यक्तियों / Self-employed persons. In mixed income, wages and profit of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. It is taken as factor income in the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Mixed income में self-employed की मजदूरी और लाभ अलग-अलग स्पष्ट नहीं होते। आय विधि में इसे factor income के रूप में लिया जाता है।
Operating surplus includes factor incomes related to property and enterprise. Distinguish it from compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Rent, interest and profit. Operating surplus includes factor incomes related to property and enterprise. Distinguish it from compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Operating surplus में संपत्ति और उद्यम से जुड़ी factor incomes शामिल होती हैं। इसे compensation of employees से अलग पहचानें।
A. जब यह विदेशियों को दी गई factor income से अधिक हो/When it is greater than factor income paid to foreigners
Step 1
Concept
When foreign factor income received is higher, NFIA is positive. This increases the national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब यह विदेशियों को दी गई factor income से अधिक हो / When it is greater than factor income paid to foreigners. When foreign factor income received is higher, NFIA is positive. This increases the national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्राप्त foreign factor income अधिक होने पर NFIA positive होता है। इससे national aggregate बढ़ता है।
A. पूंजीगत वस्तुओं का अधिक घिसाव/Higher wear and tear of capital goods
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation measures wear and tear of capital goods due to use. Higher depreciation increases the gap between Gross and Net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजीगत वस्तुओं का अधिक घिसाव / Higher wear and tear of capital goods. Depreciation measures wear and tear of capital goods due to use. Higher depreciation increases the gap between Gross and Net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के उपयोग से हुए घिसाव को मापता है। अधिक depreciation से Gross और Net का अंतर बढ़ता है।
\(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) crore. From \(GDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1700 करोड़ / 1700 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) crore. From \(GDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) करोड़ होगा। \(GDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाएं।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष के उत्पादन का भाग हैं/Because they are part of current year's production
Step 1
Concept
Unsold final goods are also current production. Therefore, they can be counted as investment in inventories.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष के उत्पादन का भाग हैं / Because they are part of current year's production. Unsold final goods are also current production. Therefore, they can be counted as investment in inventories.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बिके बिना रखी final goods भी current production होती हैं। इसलिए उन्हें inventories में investment के रूप में गिना जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि यह आधिकारिक रिकॉर्ड में सही ढंग से नहीं आती/Because it is not properly recorded in official records
Step 1
Concept
Illegal income is not accurately captured in official data. Data limitation is an important issue in national income measurement.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आधिकारिक रिकॉर्ड में सही ढंग से नहीं आती / Because it is not properly recorded in official records. Illegal income is not accurately captured in official data. Data limitation is an important issue in national income measurement.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal income official data में accurately capture नहीं होती। National income measurement में data limitation एक महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है।
A. क्योंकि इसका बाजार में monetary valuation नहीं होता/Because it has no market monetary valuation
Step 1
Concept
The market value of unpaid household services is generally not recorded. Therefore, NNP cannot be a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसका बाजार में monetary valuation नहीं होता / Because it has no market monetary valuation. The market value of unpaid household services is generally not recorded. Therefore, NNP cannot be a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services का बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता। इसलिए NNP welfare का पूर्ण माप नहीं बन पाता।
Depreciation will be \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) crore. Treat the difference between Gross and Net directly as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 290 करोड़ / 290 crore. Depreciation will be \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) crore. Treat the difference between Gross and Net directly as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) करोड़ होगा। Gross और Net के अंतर को सीधे depreciation मानें।
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) crore. FC being greater than MP indicates negative NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ऋणात्मक (30) करोड़ / Negative (30) crore. \(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) crore. FC being greater than MP indicates negative NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) करोड़। FC का MP से अधिक होना negative NIT का संकेत है।
A. पूंजी घिसाव के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन/Net output available after capital wear and tear
Step 1
Concept
Deducting depreciation shows output left after replacement cost. It better shows net productive capacity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी घिसाव के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन / Net output available after capital wear and tear. Deducting depreciation shows output left after replacement cost. It better shows net productive capacity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने से replacement cost के बाद बचा उत्पादन पता चलता है। यह net productive capacity को बेहतर दिखाता है।
\(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) crore. If national value is lower than domestic value, NFIA can be negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. -40 करोड़ / -40 crore. \(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) crore. If national value is lower than domestic value, NFIA can be negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) करोड़। National value domestic से कम हो तो NFIA negative हो सकता है।
A. देश के वे निवासी जिनका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश से जुड़ा है/Residents whose centre of economic interest is linked with the country
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so income of normal residents is important. Temporary visitors are not treated as normal residents.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के वे निवासी जिनका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश से जुड़ा है / Residents whose centre of economic interest is linked with the country. NNP is a national concept, so income of normal residents is important. Temporary visitors are not treated as normal residents.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए normal residents की आय महत्वपूर्ण है। Temporary visitors को सामान्य निवासी नहीं माना जाता।
A. Depreciation घटाएं और NIT जोड़ें/Deduct depreciation and add NIT
Step 1
Concept
From \(GNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for NNP and NIT is added for MP. GNP is already national, so NFIA is not added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation घटाएं और NIT जोड़ें / Deduct depreciation and add NIT. From \(GNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for NNP and NIT is added for MP. GNP is already national, so NFIA is not added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) से NNP के लिए depreciation घटता है और MP के लिए NIT जुड़ता है। GNP पहले से national है इसलिए NFIA नहीं जोड़ते।
Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, check the population unit carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की जनसंख्या / Population of the country. Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, check the population unit carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita NNP कुल NNP को population से भाग देकर मिलता है। Average income questions में population unit ध्यान से देखें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production of goods and services नहीं है/Because it is not current production of goods and services
Step 1
Concept
Trading old financial assets does not create current output. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production of goods and services नहीं है / Because it is not current production of goods and services. Trading old financial assets does not create current output. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने financial assets की खरीद-बिक्री current output नहीं बनाती। NNP में current production का मूल्य गिना जाता है।
A. दिया गया aggregate domestic या national और gross या net है/Whether the given aggregate is domestic or national and gross or net
Step 1
Concept
Identifying the base aggregate is most important in NNP conversion. Then apply the correct signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दिया गया aggregate domestic या national और gross या net है / Whether the given aggregate is domestic or national and gross or net. Identifying the base aggregate is most important in NNP conversion. Then apply the correct signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP conversion में base aggregate पहचानना सबसे जरूरी है। फिर NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs सही लगाएं।
