NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams, link the word Net with deduction of replacement cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product. NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams, link the word Net with deduction of replacement cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में Net शब्द को replacement cost घटाने से जोड़ें।
For NNP at market price, depreciation is deducted from GNP. In formula questions, check MP and FC carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation\). For NNP at market price, depreciation is deducted from GNP. In formula questions, check MP and FC carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य पर NNP के लिए GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। सूत्र वाले प्रश्नों में MP और FC को ध्यान से देखें।
B. स्थिर पूंजी का उपभोग/Consumption of fixed capital
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output after deducting wear and tear of fixed capital. This is also called depreciation or capital consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थिर पूंजी का उपभोग / Consumption of fixed capital. NNP shows net output after deducting wear and tear of fixed capital. This is also called depreciation or capital consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP स्थिर पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन दिखाता है। इसे depreciation या capital consumption भी कहते हैं।
B. क्योंकि यह सामान्य निवासियों की आय को शामिल करता है/Because it includes income of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept because it includes net income of normal residents. Remember the residence principle difference between Domestic and National.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि यह सामान्य निवासियों की आय को शामिल करता है / Because it includes income of normal residents. NNP is a national concept because it includes net income of normal residents. Remember the residence principle difference between Domestic and National.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा है क्योंकि इसमें सामान्य निवासियों की शुद्ध आय शामिल होती है। Domestic और National में residence principle का अंतर याद रखें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP includes net factor income from abroad, while NDP remains limited to domestic territory. Focus on adding or subtracting NFIA between NNP and NDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP includes net factor income from abroad, while NDP remains limited to domestic territory. Focus on adding or subtracting NFIA between NNP and NDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय शामिल होती है जबकि NDP घरेलू क्षेत्र तक सीमित रहता है। NNP और NDP के बीच NFIA जोड़ने या घटाने पर ध्यान दें।
Adding negative NFIA means subtracting it, so \(NNP_{MP}=870\) crore. Watch the sign because this is a common mistake.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 870 करोड़ / 870 crore. Adding negative NFIA means subtracting it, so \(NNP_{MP}=870\) crore. Watch the sign because this is a common mistake.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative NFIA को जोड़ने का अर्थ घटाना है इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=870\) करोड़ होगा। संकेत पर ध्यान दें क्योंकि यही सामान्य गलती होती है।
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In board exams, the most common form of National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. राष्ट्रीय आय / National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In board exams, the most common form of National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है। बोर्ड परीक्षा में National Income का सबसे सामान्य रूप \(NNP_{FC}\) होता है।
B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं/Net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
To move from market price to factor cost, net indirect taxes are subtracted. Remember to deduct NIT in MP to FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं / Net indirect taxes are subtracted. To move from market price to factor cost, net indirect taxes are subtracted. Remember to deduct NIT in MP to FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर जाने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं। MP से FC conversion में NIT घटाना याद रखें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) crore. While calculating National Income, deduct net indirect tax from market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 620 करोड़ / 620 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) crore. While calculating National Income, deduct net indirect tax from market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT=620\) करोड़ होगा। राष्ट्रीय आय निकालते समय market price से net indirect tax घटाएं।
B. मूल्यह्रास घटाया गया है/Depreciation has been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Net means depreciation has been deducted from the gross value. Identify the difference between Gross and Net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास घटाया गया है / Depreciation has been deducted. Net means depreciation has been deducted from the gross value. Identify the difference between Gross and Net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net का अर्थ सकल मूल्य में से मूल्यह्रास घटाना है। Gross और Net का अंतर depreciation से पहचानें।
B. स्थायी शुद्ध उत्पादन क्षमता/Sustainable net production capacity
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net production after deducting capital wear and tear. Therefore, it better indicates the real availability of output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थायी शुद्ध उत्पादन क्षमता / Sustainable net production capacity. NNP shows net production after deducting capital wear and tear. Therefore, it better indicates the real availability of output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन को दिखाता है। इसलिए यह उत्पादन की वास्तविक उपलब्धता को बेहतर बताता है।
First \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), then \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) crore. Remember the order: domestic to national, then gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 950 करोड़ / 950 crore. First \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), then \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) crore. Remember the order: domestic to national, then gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(GNP_{MP}=1000+100=1100\), फिर \(NNP_{MP}=1100-150=950\) करोड़। क्रम याद रखें पहले domestic से national, फिर gross से net।
B. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन मिलता है/NNP gives net output by deducting depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation is deducted in NNP, so it is net output. Being a national aggregate, it can also be affected by NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन मिलता है / NNP gives net output by deducting depreciation. Depreciation is deducted in NNP, so it is net output. Being a national aggregate, it can also be affected by NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में depreciation घटता है इसलिए यह शुद्ध उत्पादन है। National aggregate होने के कारण इसमें NFIA का प्रभाव भी हो सकता है।
NNP at current prices shows nominal value. Constant prices are used for real comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मौद्रिक या नाममात्र NNP / Money or nominal NNP. NNP at current prices shows nominal value. Constant prices are used for real comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर NNP nominal value बताता है। Real comparison के लिए constant prices का उपयोग किया जाता है।
B. मुद्रास्फीति के प्रभाव को हटाकर वास्तविक परिवर्तन जानना/To know real change after removing inflation effect
Step 1
Concept
NNP at constant prices shows real output change. Removing the inflation effect is important for time comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मुद्रास्फीति के प्रभाव को हटाकर वास्तविक परिवर्तन जानना / To know real change after removing inflation effect. NNP at constant prices shows real output change. Removing the inflation effect is important for time comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices पर NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन परिवर्तन दिखाता है। समय तुलना में inflation effect हटाना जरूरी होता है।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) crore. Even at FC, depreciation is deducted to convert gross into net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 830 करोड़ / 830 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) crore. Even at FC, depreciation is deducted to convert gross into net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=830\) करोड़ होगा। FC पर भी gross से net बनाने के लिए depreciation घटता है।
A. उत्पादकों को साधनों के योगदान के बदले मिलने वाली लागत/Cost paid to factors for their contribution
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost represents rewards received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is important from the income viewpoint.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादकों को साधनों के योगदान के बदले मिलने वाली लागत / Cost paid to factors for their contribution. Factor cost represents rewards received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is important from the income viewpoint.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल को दर्शाती है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) आय दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण है।
B. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाया गया मूल्य जिसमें अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव हो सकता है/Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect taxes and subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Market price represents the price paid by the buyer. It includes the effect of net indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाया गया मूल्य जिसमें अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव हो सकता है / Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Market price represents the price paid by the buyer. It includes the effect of net indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price खरीदार द्वारा दिए गए मूल्य को दर्शाता है। इसमें net indirect taxes का प्रभाव शामिल रहता है।
A. जब मूल्यह्रास धनात्मक हो/When depreciation is positive
Step 1
Concept
NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If depreciation is positive, NNP will be lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब मूल्यह्रास धनात्मक हो / When depreciation is positive. NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If depreciation is positive, NNP will be lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP हमेशा GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है। यदि depreciation positive है तो NNP कम होगा।
A. GDP से NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT घटाएं/Add NFIA to GDP, deduct depreciation, deduct NIT
Step 1
Concept
NFIA is added to move from domestic to national, and depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net. NIT must be deducted to move from MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP से NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT घटाएं / Add NFIA to GDP, deduct depreciation, deduct NIT. NFIA is added to move from domestic to national, and depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net. NIT must be deducted to move from MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic से national के लिए NFIA जोड़ा जाता है और gross से net के लिए depreciation घटता है। MP से FC के लिए NIT घटाना जरूरी है।
\(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), and \(NNP_{FC}=970\) crore. Solve signs and conversion steps in order.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 970 करोड़ / 970 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), and \(NNP_{FC}=970\) crore. Solve signs and conversion steps in order.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=1150\), \(NNP_{MP}=1050\), और \(NNP_{FC}=970\) करोड़ होगा। संकेत और conversion steps को क्रम में हल करें।
B. मूल्यह्रास के रूप में घटाया जाता है/Deducted as depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Wear and tear of machines is called depreciation and is deducted in NNP. This gives a correct estimate of net output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास के रूप में घटाया जाता है / Deducted as depreciation. Wear and tear of machines is called depreciation and is deducted in NNP. This gives a correct estimate of net output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मशीनों का घिसाव depreciation कहलाता है और NNP में घटाया जाता है। इससे शुद्ध उत्पादन का सही अनुमान मिलता है।
A. साधनों को प्राप्त कुल शुद्ध आय/Total net income received by factors
Step 1
Concept
Under the income method, \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net incomes of factors of production. Study it as National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. साधनों को प्राप्त कुल शुद्ध आय / Total net income received by factors. Under the income method, \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net incomes of factors of production. Study it as National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में \(NNP_{FC}\) उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध आय का योग है। इसे National Income के रूप में पढ़ें।
A. मूल्यह्रास की भरपाई/Replacement of depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Replacement investment compensates for the wear and tear of old capital. The same depreciation is deducted from gross to calculate NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास की भरपाई / Replacement of depreciation. Replacement investment compensates for the wear and tear of old capital. The same depreciation is deducted from gross to calculate NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Replacement investment पुरानी पूंजी के घिसाव की भरपाई करता है। NNP निकालते समय इसी depreciation को gross से घटाया जाता है।
The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. If both are equal, depreciation is considered zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास शून्य है / Depreciation is zero. The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. If both are equal, depreciation is considered zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation होता है। दोनों बराबर हों तो depreciation शून्य माना जाएगा।
A. Subsidies को NIT में ध्यान में रखा जाता है/Subsidies are considered in NIT
Step 1
Concept
NIT means indirect taxes minus subsidies. Therefore, subsidy affects MP to FC conversion through NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies को NIT में ध्यान में रखा जाता है / Subsidies are considered in NIT. NIT means indirect taxes minus subsidies. Therefore, subsidy affects MP to FC conversion through NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT का अर्थ indirect taxes minus subsidies है। इसलिए MP से FC conversion में subsidy का प्रभाव NIT के माध्यम से आता है।
A. विदेश में काम कर रहे सामान्य निवासियों की साधन आय/Factor income of normal residents working abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so factor income received by normal residents from abroad may be included. Keep the difference between resident and territory clear in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश में काम कर रहे सामान्य निवासियों की साधन आय / Factor income of normal residents working abroad. NNP is a national concept, so factor income received by normal residents from abroad may be included. Keep the difference between resident and territory clear in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए सामान्य निवासियों की विदेश से प्राप्त साधन आय शामिल हो सकती है। परीक्षा में resident और territory का अंतर स्पष्ट रखें।
A. यह NFIA में outward payment के रूप में घटती है/It is deducted as outward payment in NFIA
Step 1
Concept
Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In a national aggregate, only income of normal residents is finally considered.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह NFIA में outward payment के रूप में घटती है / It is deducted as outward payment in NFIA. Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In a national aggregate, only income of normal residents is finally considered.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को दी गई साधन आय NFIA को कम करती है। National aggregate में केवल सामान्य निवासियों की आय को अंतिम रूप से लिया जाता है।
Adding NFIA to \(GDP_{MP}\) makes it national, and deducting depreciation makes it net. This is the correct relation for \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\). Adding NFIA to \(GDP_{MP}\) makes it national, and deducting depreciation makes it net. This is the correct relation for \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) में NFIA जोड़कर national बनता है और depreciation घटाकर net बनता है। यही \(NNP_{MP}\) का सही संबंध है।
GDP is domestic and gross, while NNP is national and net. Therefore, both NFIA and depreciation may need adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA और मूल्यह्रास / NFIA and depreciation. GDP is domestic and gross, while NNP is national and net. Therefore, both NFIA and depreciation may need adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic और gross होता है जबकि NNP national और net होता है। इसलिए NFIA और depreciation दोनों का समायोजन करना पड़ सकता है।
B. क्योंकि यह पूंजी को बनाए रखने की लागत है/Because it is the cost of maintaining capital
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation represents the cost of keeping capital intact. Deducting it gives net available output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि यह पूंजी को बनाए रखने की लागत है / Because it is the cost of maintaining capital. Depreciation represents the cost of keeping capital intact. Deducting it gives net available output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास पूंजी को पहले जैसी स्थिति में रखने की लागत दर्शाता है। इसे घटाने से शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन मिलता है।
Without deducting depreciation, the measure remains gross. Deducting depreciation is necessary for a net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सकल / Gross. Without deducting depreciation, the measure remains gross. Deducting depreciation is necessary for a net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाए बिना माप gross रहता है। Net measure के लिए depreciation घटाना अनिवार्य है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और NIT घटाएं/Deduct depreciation and deduct NIT
Step 1
Concept
From \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation is deducted for \(NNP_{MP}\), and NIT is deducted for \(NNP_{FC}\). This is a two-step conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और NIT घटाएं / Deduct depreciation and deduct NIT. From \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation is deducted for \(NNP_{MP}\), and NIT is deducted for \(NNP_{FC}\). This is a two-step conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) के लिए depreciation घटता है और \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए NIT घटता है। यह दो-step conversion है।
\(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), then \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) crore. First make it net, then convert to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 810 करोड़ / 810 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), then \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) crore. First make it net, then convert to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1000-120=880\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=880-70=810\) करोड़। पहले net बनाएं फिर factor cost पर बदलें।
A. क्योंकि यह केवल गैर-बाजार गतिविधियों और वितरण जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not fully show aspects like non-market activities and distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a monetary measure of output but does not show all aspects of welfare. In exams, write the difference between income and welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह केवल गैर-बाजार गतिविधियों और वितरण जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not fully show aspects like non-market activities and distribution. NNP is a monetary measure of output but does not show all aspects of welfare. In exams, write the difference between income and welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP उत्पादन का मौद्रिक माप है लेकिन welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में income और welfare में अंतर लिखें।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking the value of final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. The final value principle is very important in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking the value of final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. The final value principle is very important in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं का मूल्य लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। राष्ट्रीय आय में final value principle बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
B. जब शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हो/When net indirect taxes are negative
Step 1
Concept
If NIT is negative, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) can make FC greater. This happens when subsidies exceed indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. जब शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हो / When net indirect taxes are negative. If NIT is negative, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) can make FC greater. This happens when subsidies exceed indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यदि NIT negative है तो \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) से FC अधिक हो सकता है। यह तब होता है जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों।
A. एक वर्ष में सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का शुद्ध मूल्य/Net value of final goods and services produced by normal residents in one year
Step 1
Concept
NNP is the net value of final output of normal residents. The time period is generally one year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक वर्ष में सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का शुद्ध मूल्य / Net value of final goods and services produced by normal residents in one year. NNP is the net value of final output of normal residents. The time period is generally one year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों के अंतिम उत्पादन का शुद्ध मूल्य है। समय अवधि सामान्यतः एक वर्ष मानी जाती है।
\(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), then \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) crore. Deduct depreciation to convert gross into net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 880 करोड़ / 880 crore. \(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), then \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) crore. Deduct depreciation to convert gross into net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}=950+20=970\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=970-90=880\) करोड़। Gross से net बनाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, always check population.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जनसंख्या से भाग देकर / By dividing by population. Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, always check population.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita NNP कुल NNP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर मिलता है। औसत आय के प्रश्नों में population जरूर देखें।
A. NFIA, मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर/NFIA, depreciation and net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
NFIA, depreciation and NIT are key adjustments in different forms of NNP. Choose the correct adjustment according to the given base aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA, मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / NFIA, depreciation and net indirect taxes. NFIA, depreciation and NIT are key adjustments in different forms of NNP. Choose the correct adjustment according to the given base aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP के विभिन्न रूपों में NFIA, depreciation और NIT प्रमुख समायोजन हैं। प्रश्न में दिए base aggregate के अनुसार सही adjustment चुनें।
