NNP means Net National Product. For exams remember it is linked with subtracting depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product. NNP means Net National Product. For exams remember it is linked with subtracting depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी का अर्थ शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद होता है। परीक्षा में NNP को depreciation घटाने से जोड़कर याद रखें।
A. GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाकर/By subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
NNP is calculated as (GNP - Depreciation). In exams depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाकर / By subtracting depreciation from GNP. NNP is calculated as (GNP - Depreciation). In exams depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी (GNP - Depreciation) से निकाला जाता है। परीक्षा में depreciation को consumption of fixed capital भी कहा जाता है।
NNP is a net measure because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net as the value after depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध माप / Net measure. NNP is a net measure because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net as the value after depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी एक शुद्ध माप है क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में net शब्द को depreciation के बाद की राशि समझें।
A. देश के सामान्य निवासियों की आय/Income of normal residents of a country
Step 1
Concept
National refers to normal residents. In exams keep the difference between national and domestic clear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के सामान्य निवासियों की आय / Income of normal residents of a country. National refers to normal residents. In exams keep the difference between national and domestic clear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय का अर्थ सामान्य निवासियों से संबंधित होता है। परीक्षा में national और domestic का अंतर साफ रखें।
A. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है/Depreciation is deducted in NNP
Step 1
Concept
NNP is the net form of GNP after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net on this basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है / Depreciation is deducted in NNP. NNP is the net form of GNP after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net on this basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP GNP का शुद्ध रूप है जिसमें मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर इसी आधार पर करें।
The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In formula-based MCQs watch plus and minus signs carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In formula-based MCQs watch plus and minus signs carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सही सूत्र (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में formula-based MCQ में plus और minus ध्यान से देखें।
A. क्योंकि इसमें पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाया जाता है/Because capital wear and tear is deducted
Step 1
Concept
NNP is called net because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net product as value after replacement cost is considered.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसमें पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाया जाता है / Because capital wear and tear is deducted. NNP is called net because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net product as value after replacement cost is considered.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी को शुद्ध इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में net product का अर्थ replacement cost घटने के बाद समझें।
When GNP is constant, higher depreciation reduces NNP. Use the formula to find such effects quickly in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP घटेगा / NNP will decrease. When GNP is constant, higher depreciation reduces NNP. Use the formula to find such effects quickly in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP समान रहने पर अधिक मूल्यह्रास से NNP घटता है। परीक्षा में सूत्र से प्रभाव तुरंत निकालें।
NNP shows net output earned by normal residents. In exams connect the resident concept with national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों की / Normal residents. NNP shows net output earned by normal residents. In exams connect the resident concept with national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध उत्पादन को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में resident concept को राष्ट्रीय आय से जोड़ें।
C. बाजार कीमत और साधन लागत दोनों/Both market price and factor cost
Step 1
Concept
NNP can be expressed at both market price and factor cost. In exams identify the terms NNPMP and NNPFC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. बाजार कीमत और साधन लागत दोनों / Both market price and factor cost. NNP can be expressed at both market price and factor cost. In exams identify the terms NNPMP and NNPFC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP को market price और factor cost दोनों पर व्यक्त किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में NNPMP और NNPFC के नाम पहचानें।
A. बाजार कीमतों पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद/Net national product at market prices
Step 1
Concept
NNPMP is net national product measured at market prices. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार कीमतों पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net national product at market prices. NNPMP is net national product measured at market prices. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP बाजार कीमतों पर मापा गया शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद है। परीक्षा में MP का अर्थ market price याद रखें।
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. This is a very important identification point for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय आय / National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. This is a very important identification point for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में यह बहुत महत्वपूर्ण पहचान प्रश्न है।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं/Net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं / Net indirect taxes are subtracted. NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes) होता है। परीक्षा में market price से factor cost जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
A. यह राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा का भाग है/It is part of the national concept
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept so it may include net factor income from abroad. In exams check NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा का भाग है / It is part of the national concept. NNP is a national concept so it may include net factor income from abroad. In exams check NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा है इसलिए इसमें विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय शामिल हो सकती है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाते समय NFIA देखें।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NDP is domestic and NNP is national so the difference comes from NFIA. Apply NFIA when converting domestic and national aggregates in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NDP is domestic and NNP is national so the difference comes from NFIA. Apply NFIA when converting domestic and national aggregates in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP घरेलू है और NNP राष्ट्रीय है इसलिए NFIA से अंतर आता है। परीक्षा में domestic और national conversion में NFIA लगाएं।
NNP (= NDP + NFIA). In exams add net factor income from abroad when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NDP में NFIA जोड़ना / Add NFIA to NDP. NNP (= NDP + NFIA). In exams add net factor income from abroad when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= NDP + NFIA) होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाते समय विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय जोड़ें।
Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP NDP से कम होगा / NNP will be less than NDP. Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP घट जाता है। परीक्षा में negative sign को subtraction जैसा समझें।
NNP generally measures net national output during one accounting year. Treat national income aggregates as annual flows in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक लेखा वर्ष / One accounting year. NNP generally measures net national output during one accounting year. Treat national income aggregates as annual flows in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्यतः एक लेखा वर्ष की शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन राशि को मापता है। परीक्षा में national income aggregates को annual flow मानें।
NNP is a flow because it is measured over a period of time. In exams treat income and output as flow variables.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह / Flow. NNP is a flow because it is measured over a period of time. In exams treat income and output as flow variables.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP एक प्रवाह है क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में आय और उत्पादन को flow variable समझें।
A. अर्थव्यवस्था के शुद्ध उत्पादन का/Net output of the economy
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output after deducting depreciation. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than gross output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अर्थव्यवस्था के शुद्ध उत्पादन का / Net output of the economy. NNP shows net output after deducting depreciation. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than gross output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद शुद्ध उत्पादन दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे gross output से अधिक refined measure समझें।
Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. It is deducted while calculating NNP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. It is deducted while calculating NNP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के घिसाव को मूल्यह्रास कहते हैं। परीक्षा में यह NNP निकालने में घटाया जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह पूंजी के घिसाव को दर्शाता है/Because it shows wear and tear of capital
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation shows the reduced capacity of capital goods. Remember it as replacement allowance for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह पूंजी के घिसाव को दर्शाता है / Because it shows wear and tear of capital. Depreciation shows the reduced capacity of capital goods. Remember it as replacement allowance for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation पूंजीगत वस्तुओं की घटती क्षमता को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे replacement allowance के रूप में याद रखें।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव/Effect of indirect taxes and subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. In exams distinguish MP and FC through NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव / Effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. In exams distinguish MP and FC through NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का प्रभाव शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में MP और FC के बीच NIT से अंतर करें।
NNP at factor cost shows income of factors of production. Link factor cost with factor payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को / Factors of production. NNP at factor cost shows income of factors of production. Link factor cost with factor payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost उत्पादन साधनों की आय को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में factor cost को factor payments से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि NNPFC राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है/Because NNPFC is called National Income
Step 1
Concept
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. Treat NNPFC as synonymous with National Income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि NNPFC राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है / Because NNPFC is called National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. Treat NNPFC as synonymous with National Income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost ही राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है। परीक्षा में NNPFC को National Income का समानार्थी मानें।
The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर मूल्यह्रास होता है। परीक्षा में gross से net जाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
A. GNP और NNP बराबर होंगे/GNP and NNP will be equal
Step 1
Concept
If depreciation is zero, (NNP = GNP). In exams put zero value in the formula to derive the relation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP और NNP बराबर होंगे / GNP and NNP will be equal. If depreciation is zero, (NNP = GNP). In exams put zero value in the formula to derive the relation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation शून्य होने पर (NNP = GNP) होगा। परीक्षा में सूत्र में zero value लगाकर संबंध निकालें।
A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Considering final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Considering final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं को लेने से double counting से बचाव होता है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग पहचानें।
A. क्योंकि इससे दोहरी गणना हो सकती है/Because it may cause double counting
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Avoiding double counting is the key reason in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे दोहरी गणना हो सकती है / Because it may cause double counting. Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Avoiding double counting is the key reason in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुएं अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं। परीक्षा में double counting से बचना मुख्य कारण है।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net Factor Income from Abroad
Step 1
Concept
NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. Remember it in domestic to national conversion for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net Factor Income from Abroad. NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. Remember it in domestic to national conversion for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA का अर्थ Net Factor Income from Abroad है। परीक्षा में इसे domestic से national conversion में याद रखें।
A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना/Add NFIA and subtract depreciation
Step 1
Concept
To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना / Add NFIA and subtract depreciation. To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए national adjustment और net adjustment दोनों चाहिए। परीक्षा में (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) याद रखें।
NNP is based on the national resident basis. In exams link territory basis with domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय निवास आधार / National resident basis. NNP is based on the national resident basis. In exams link territory basis with domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national resident basis पर आधारित होता है। परीक्षा में territory basis को domestic product से जोड़ें।
A. जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में हो/One whose centre of economic interest is in the country
Step 1
Concept
A resident has the centre of economic interest in the country. Connect the normal resident concept with national aggregates in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में हो / One whose centre of economic interest is in the country. A resident has the centre of economic interest in the country. Connect the normal resident concept with national aggregates in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Resident वह होता है जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में होता है। परीक्षा में normal resident concept को national aggregates से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams include only current production in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current production. Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams include only current production in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने शेयरों का लेन-देन वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं बनाता। परीक्षा में केवल current production को national income में लें।
A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली सेवा है/Yes because it is a paid service
Step 1
Concept
The paid service of a domestic maid is included in NNP. Include paid productive services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली सेवा है / Yes because it is a paid service. The paid service of a domestic maid is included in NNP. Include paid productive services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू सेविका की भुगतान वाली सेवा NNP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include करें।
A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है/Because their market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of own household services is difficult. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है / Because their market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of own household services is difficult. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के लिए दी गई गृह सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
An old car was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. An old car was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार पहले ही उत्पादन में गिनी जा चुकी होती है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods का पूरा मूल्य include न करें।
A. जब वह वर्तमान वर्ष की सेवा आय हो/When it is service income of the current year
Step 1
Concept
Broker's commission is current service income so it may be included. In exams distinguish full value of old goods from service charges.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह वर्तमान वर्ष की सेवा आय हो / When it is service income of the current year. Broker's commission is current service income so it may be included. In exams distinguish full value of old goods from service charges.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दलाल का कमीशन वर्तमान सेवा आय है इसलिए शामिल हो सकता है। परीक्षा में old good के full value और service charge में अंतर करें।
A. NNP GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है/NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
The most basic relation of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). This formula is the base for many easy exam questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है / NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. The most basic relation of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). This formula is the base for many easy exam questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का सबसे मूल संबंध (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में यही सूत्र कई आसान प्रश्नों का आधार बनता है।
NNP is Net National Product so it is a net national measure. In exams pay attention to both net and national words.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय माप / Net national measure. NNP is Net National Product so it is a net national measure. In exams pay attention to both net and national words.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद है इसलिए यह net national measure है। परीक्षा में net और national दोनों शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams understand depreciation as wear and tear of fixed capital.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams understand depreciation as wear and tear of fixed capital.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में मूल्यह्रास को fixed capital का घिसाव समझें।
The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation while moving from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation while moving from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का सही सूत्र (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में gross से net जाते समय depreciation घटाएं।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद की राशि/Amount after deducting depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Net means the amount after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish net product from gross product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद की राशि / Amount after deducting depreciation. Net means the amount after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish net product from gross product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net का अर्थ depreciation घटाने के बाद की राशि है। परीक्षा में net product को gross से अलग पहचानें।
The word national is connected with normal residents. In exams keep national and domestic concepts separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सामान्य निवासी / Normal residents. The word national is connected with normal residents. In exams keep national and domestic concepts separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National शब्द सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में national और domestic concepts को अलग रखें।
NNP measures net national output during one accounting year. In exams treat income aggregates as period-based flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक लेखा वर्ष / One accounting year. NNP measures net national output during one accounting year. In exams treat income aggregates as period-based flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP एक लेखा वर्ष में हुए शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन को मापता है। परीक्षा में income aggregates को period based flow समझें।
NNP is a flow variable because it is measured over a time period. In exams treat income and output as flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह चर / Flow variable. NNP is a flow variable because it is measured over a time period. In exams treat income and output as flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP प्रवाह चर है क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में आय और उत्पादन को flow मानें।
Depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital. In exams identify both terms in the same context.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. स्थिर पूंजी उपभोग / Consumption of fixed capital. Depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital. In exams identify both terms in the same context.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास को स्थिर पूंजी उपभोग भी कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में दोनों शब्दों को समान संदर्भ में पहचानें।
A. बाजार कीमत पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद/Net National Product at Market Price
Step 1
Concept
NNPMP means NNP at market price. In exams understand MP as market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार कीमत पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product at Market Price. NNPMP means NNP at market price. In exams understand MP as market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP का अर्थ market price पर NNP होता है। परीक्षा में MP को market price समझें।
Net indirect taxes are subtracted from NNPMP to get NNPFC. Remember \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. Net indirect taxes are subtracted from NNPMP to get NNPFC. Remember \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC पाने के लिए NNPMP से शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) याद रखें।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी/Indirect taxes - Subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Net indirect taxes are indirect taxes minus subsidies. In exams do not forget to subtract subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी / Indirect taxes - Subsidies. Net indirect taxes are indirect taxes minus subsidies. In exams do not forget to subtract subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर indirect taxes minus subsidies होते हैं। परीक्षा में subsidy को घटाना न भूलें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP में NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाने के लिए NFIA लगाएं।
NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. In exams it is important to identify it in national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. Net Factor Income from Abroad. NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. In exams it is important to identify it in national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA का अर्थ विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय है। परीक्षा में इसे national aggregates में पहचानना जरूरी है।
Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP NDP से कम होगा / NNP will be less than NDP. Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP कम हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को घटाने जैसा मानें।
To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation). To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाते हैं। परीक्षा में national और net adjustments साथ याद रखें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept and NDP is a domestic concept so the difference comes from NFIA. Link domestic-national conversion with NFIA in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP is a national concept and NDP is a domestic concept so the difference comes from NFIA. Link domestic-national conversion with NFIA in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय और NDP घरेलू अवधारणा है इसलिए अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में domestic-national conversion को NFIA से जोड़ें।
Including final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचना / To avoid double counting. Including final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं को शामिल करने से double counting नहीं होती। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग पहचानें।
B. वे अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं/They are included in the value of final goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. In exams direct addition may cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वे अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं / They are included in the value of final goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. In exams direct addition may cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तु में शामिल हो जाता है। परीक्षा में direct addition से double counting हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
An old machine was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. An old machine was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन का उत्पादन पहले ही गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods का full value include न करें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है/Because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
Broker's commission is service income of the current year. In exams understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है / Because it is a current service. Broker's commission is service income of the current year. In exams understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दलाल का कमीशन चालू वर्ष की सेवा आय है। परीक्षा में old good value और service charge का अंतर समझें।
A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है/Because its market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of household services for oneself is difficult. In exams treat non-market personal services as excluded.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है / Because its market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of household services for oneself is difficult. In exams treat non-market personal services as excluded.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के लिए की गई घरेलू सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को exclude मानें।
C. वेतन पर ट्यूशन पढ़ाना/Teaching tuition for payment
Step 1
Concept
Paid tuition service is included in NNP. In exams include paid productive services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वेतन पर ट्यूशन पढ़ाना / Teaching tuition for payment. Paid tuition service is included in NNP. In exams include paid productive services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भुगतान पर दी गई ट्यूशन सेवा NNP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include करें।
B. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित वस्तुएं और सेवाएं/Goods and services produced in the current accounting year
Step 1
Concept
Current production means production of the current accounting year. In exams separate old transactions from current output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित वस्तुएं और सेवाएं / Goods and services produced in the current accounting year. Current production means production of the current accounting year. In exams separate old transactions from current output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current production का अर्थ चालू लेखा वर्ष का उत्पादन है। परीक्षा में पुराने लेन-देन को current output से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान वस्तु या सेवा उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current goods or services production
Step 1
Concept
Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams distinguish financial transfers from production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान वस्तु या सेवा उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current goods or services production. Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams distinguish financial transfers from production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने शेयरों का लेन-देन current production नहीं बनाता। परीक्षा में financial transfers और production में अंतर करें।
A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती/Because no current productive service is received in return
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments do not involve current production in return. In exams separate payments like pensions and gifts from factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती / Because no current productive service is received in return. Transfer payments do not involve current production in return. In exams separate payments like pensions and gifts from factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments के बदले current production नहीं होता। परीक्षा में pension gift जैसे payments को factor income से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is a transfer payment and no productive service is received in return. Do not treat it as factor income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. Scholarship is a transfer payment and no productive service is received in return. Do not treat it as factor income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति transfer payment है और इसके बदले उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में इसे factor income न मानें।
A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिलने वाली आय/Income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received by factors of production for their services. In exams treat wages rent interest and profit as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिलने वाली आय / Income received by factors of production. Factor income is received by factors of production for their services. In exams treat wages rent interest and profit as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor income उत्पादन साधनों को उनकी सेवाओं के बदले मिलती है। परीक्षा में wages rent interest profit को factor income मानें।
A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ/Wages, rent, interest and profit
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC shows the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as four main factor payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Wages, rent, interest and profit. NNPFC shows the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as four main factor payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC factor incomes का योग दिखाता है। परीक्षा में wages rent interest profit को चार मुख्य factor payments याद रखें।
The difference between market price and factor cost comes from net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. The difference between market price and factor cost comes from net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price और factor cost का अंतर net indirect taxes से आता है। परीक्षा में MP से FC जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
A. NNPMP NNPFC से अधिक होगा/NNPMP will be greater than NNPFC
Step 1
Concept
When NIT is positive, market price is greater than factor cost. In exams treat indirect taxes greater than subsidies as positive NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNPMP NNPFC से अधिक होगा / NNPMP will be greater than NNPFC. When NIT is positive, market price is greater than factor cost. In exams treat indirect taxes greater than subsidies as positive NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब NIT धनात्मक होता है तो market price factor cost से अधिक होती है। परीक्षा में indirect taxes greater than subsidies को positive NIT मानें।
When subsidies are greater, net indirect taxes become negative. Apply (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ऋणात्मक / Negative. When subsidies are greater, net indirect taxes become negative. Apply (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर net indirect taxes ऋणात्मक हो जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) लगाएं।
NNP shows the net national output of an economy. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than a gross measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन / Net national output. NNP shows the net national output of an economy. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than a gross measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP अर्थव्यवस्था का शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे gross measure से अधिक refined measure समझें।
A. पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद शेष उत्पादन/Output left after wear and tear of capital
Step 1
Concept
Deducting depreciation indicates actual net output. In exams understand net output as value after capital wear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद शेष उत्पादन / Output left after wear and tear of capital. Deducting depreciation indicates actual net output. In exams understand net output as value after capital wear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने से वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन का संकेत मिलता है। परीक्षा में net output को capital wear के बाद की value समझें।
When moving from national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted. In exams remember that the sign changes in reverse conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाना / Subtract NFIA. When moving from national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted. In exams remember that the sign changes in reverse conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National से domestic जाते समय NFIA घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में reverse conversion में sign बदलना याद रखें।
A. जब depreciation धनात्मक हो/When depreciation is positive
Step 1
Concept
When depreciation is positive, NNP is less than GNP. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब depreciation धनात्मक हो / When depreciation is positive. When depreciation is positive, NNP is less than GNP. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक depreciation होने पर NNP GNP से कम होता है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से करें।
When GNP is constant, lower depreciation increases NNP. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the effect in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP बढ़ेगा / NNP will increase. When GNP is constant, lower depreciation increases NNP. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the effect in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP समान रहने पर depreciation घटने से NNP बढ़ता है। परीक्षा में (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) से प्रभाव निकालें।
When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net product can be equal. In exams see the difference between NNP and NDP through NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NFIA शून्य हो / When NFIA is zero. When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net product can be equal. In exams see the difference between NNP and NDP through NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA शून्य होने पर national और domestic net product बराबर हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में NNP और NDP का अंतर NFIA से देखें।
A. यह GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है/It is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
The basic relation of NNP is GNP minus depreciation. Most simple exam questions are solved using this basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है / It is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. The basic relation of NNP is GNP minus depreciation. Most simple exam questions are solved using this basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का मूल संबंध GNP minus depreciation है। परीक्षा में इसी आधार पर अधिकांश सरल प्रश्न हल होते हैं।
Capital consumption allowance is considered similar to depreciation. Remember it as the component deducted from GNP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Capital consumption allowance is considered similar to depreciation. Remember it as the component deducted from GNP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation के समान माना जाता है। परीक्षा में इसे GNP से घटाए जाने वाले घटक के रूप में याद रखें।
A. Gross से net और domestic से national/Gross to net and domestic to national
Step 1
Concept
In NNP, depreciation is needed for gross to net and NFIA for domestic to national. Remember both adjustments separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gross से net और domestic से national / Gross to net and domestic to national. In NNP, depreciation is needed for gross to net and NFIA for domestic to national. Remember both adjustments separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में gross से net के लिए depreciation और domestic से national के लिए NFIA जरूरी है। परीक्षा में दोनों adjustments को अलग-अलग याद रखें।
Net indirect taxes (= 980 - 920 = 60) crore. In exams the difference between market price and factor cost is NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹60 करोड़ / ₹60 crore. Net indirect taxes (= 980 - 920 = 60) crore. In exams the difference between market price and factor cost is NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (= 980 - 920 = 60) करोड़ होंगे। परीक्षा में market price और factor cost का अंतर NIT होता है।
NNP stands for Net National Product. In exams identify NNP through both net and national words.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product. NNP stands for Net National Product. In exams identify NNP through both net and national words.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का पूरा नाम Net National Product है। परीक्षा में NNP को net और national दोनों शब्दों से पहचानें।
NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross national to net national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. GNP. NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross national to net national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में gross national से net national जाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
The formula of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). Remember to deduct depreciation for net product in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). The formula of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). Remember to deduct depreciation for net product in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का सूत्र (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में net product के लिए depreciation घटाना याद रखें।
A. सामान्य निवासियों का आधार/Basis of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
The word national is linked with normal residents. In exams connect the national and domestic difference with NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों का आधार / Basis of normal residents. The word national is linked with normal residents. In exams connect the national and domestic difference with NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National शब्द सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में national और domestic का अंतर NFIA से जोड़ें।
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In exams treat \(NNP_{FC}\) and National Income as the same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. राष्ट्रीय आय / National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. In exams treat \(NNP_{FC}\) and National Income as the same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) और National Income को समान समझें।
NNPFC equals NNPMP minus net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\). NNPFC equals NNPMP minus net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes) होता है। परीक्षा में market price से factor cost जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी/Indirect taxes - Subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Net indirect taxes are (Indirect Taxes - Subsidies). In exams subtract subsidies from indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी / Indirect taxes - Subsidies. Net indirect taxes are (Indirect Taxes - Subsidies). In exams subtract subsidies from indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (Indirect Taxes - Subsidies) होते हैं। परीक्षा में subsidy को indirect taxes से घटाएं।
NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA to move from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ा जाता है / NFIA is added. NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA to move from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP में NFIA जोड़कर NNP प्राप्त होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाने के लिए NFIA लगाएं।
Negative NFIA makes NNP less than NDP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP NDP से कम होगा / NNP will be less than NDP. Negative NFIA makes NNP less than NDP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA NNP को NDP से कम कर देता है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को घटाने जैसा मानें।
To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. Remember both national and net adjustments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation). To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. Remember both national and net adjustments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाते हैं। परीक्षा में national और net दोनों समायोजन याद रखें।
NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) crore. In exams remember the two steps while moving from GDP to NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1130 करोड़ / ₹1130 crore. NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) crore. In exams remember the two steps while moving from GDP to NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में GDP से NNP जाते समय दो steps याद रखें।
When GNP remains the same, higher depreciation reduces NNP. In exams use the formula to identify the direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. घटेगा / It will decrease. When GNP remains the same, higher depreciation reduces NNP. In exams use the formula to identify the direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP समान रहने पर अधिक depreciation से NNP घटता है। परीक्षा में सूत्र से दिशा पहचानें।
When depreciation decreases, net product increases. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the answer in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. बढ़ेगा / It will increase. When depreciation decreases, net product increases. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the answer in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटने से net product बढ़ता है। परीक्षा में (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) से उत्तर निकालें।
A. क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है/Because it is measured over a period of time
Step 1
Concept
NNP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. In exams treat production and income aggregates as flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है / Because it is measured over a period of time. NNP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. In exams treat production and income aggregates as flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP एक लेखा वर्ष जैसी अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में production और income aggregates को flow मानें।
A. केवल अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं/Only final goods and services
Step 1
Concept
NNP considers final goods and services to avoid double counting. Do not directly add intermediate goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं / Only final goods and services. NNP considers final goods and services to avoid double counting. Do not directly add intermediate goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में final goods and services को लिया जाता है ताकि double counting न हो। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को सीधे न जोड़ें।
Directly adding intermediate goods can cause double counting. In exams take only the value of final goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना / Double counting. Directly adding intermediate goods can cause double counting. In exams take only the value of final goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं को सीधे जोड़ने से double counting हो सकती है। परीक्षा में अंतिम वस्तु का मूल्य ही लें।
A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not new production of the current year
Step 1
Concept
An old good was already counted when it was produced earlier. Exclude the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not new production of the current year. An old good was already counted when it was produced earlier. Exclude the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु का उत्पादन पहले गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods का पूरा मूल्य exclude करें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा आय है/Because it is current service income
Step 1
Concept
Commission is payment for service provided in the current year. In exams distinguish old good value from service commission.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा आय है / Because it is current service income. Commission is payment for service provided in the current year. In exams distinguish old good value from service commission.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कमीशन चालू वर्ष में दी गई सेवा का भुगतान है। परीक्षा में पुराने सामान की value और service commission में अंतर करें।
A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली उत्पादक सेवा है/Yes because it is a paid productive service
Step 1
Concept
A service given for wage or fee is included in NNP. In exams treat paid services as productive services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली उत्पादक सेवा है / Yes because it is a paid productive service. A service given for wage or fee is included in NNP. In exams treat paid services as productive services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वेतन या शुल्क पर दी गई सेवा NNP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में paid services को productive services मानें।
A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है/Because its market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
It is difficult to value non-market service for own family. In exams generally treat such personal services as excluded.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है / Because its market valuation is difficult. It is difficult to value non-market service for own family. In exams generally treat such personal services as excluded.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के परिवार के लिए non-market service का मूल्य तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में ऐसी personal services को सामान्यतः exclude मानें।
A. क्योंकि इसके बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती/Because no current productive service is received in return
Step 1
Concept
No productive service is received in return for transfer payment so it is not factor income. In exams keep examples like pension and scholarship separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसके बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती / Because no current productive service is received in return. No productive service is received in return for transfer payment so it is not factor income. In exams keep examples like pension and scholarship separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payment के बदले उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती इसलिए यह factor income नहीं है। परीक्षा में पेंशन और छात्रवृत्ति जैसे उदाहरण अलग रखें।
Old age pension is a transfer payment because it does not involve current production in return. In exams treat wages rent and profit as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बुढ़ापा पेंशन / Old age pension. Old age pension is a transfer payment because it does not involve current production in return. In exams treat wages rent and profit as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बुढ़ापा पेंशन transfer payment है क्योंकि इसके बदले current production नहीं होता। परीक्षा में wages rent profit को factor income समझें।
A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ/Wages, rent, interest and profit
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC is the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as main factor payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Wages, rent, interest and profit. NNPFC is the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as main factor payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC factor incomes का योग है। परीक्षा में wages rent interest profit को मुख्य factor payments याद रखें।
Wage to a worker is factor income because it is received for productive service. Include income earned for productive service in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूर को वेतन / Wage paid to a worker. Wage to a worker is factor income because it is received for productive service. Include income earned for productive service in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूर को वेतन उत्पादन सेवा के बदले मिलता है इसलिए factor income है। परीक्षा में income earned for productive service को include करें।
If indirect taxes are greater than subsidies, NIT is positive. Apply (NIT = Indirect Taxes - Subsidies) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धनात्मक / Positive. If indirect taxes are greater than subsidies, NIT is positive. Apply (NIT = Indirect Taxes - Subsidies) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हों तो NIT positive होता है। परीक्षा में (NIT = Indirect Taxes - Subsidies) लगाएं।
When NIT is zero, market price and factor cost values will be equal. In exams see the difference between NNPMP and NNPFC through NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NIT शून्य हो / When NIT is zero. When NIT is zero, market price and factor cost values will be equal. In exams see the difference between NNPMP and NNPFC through NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT शून्य होने पर market price और factor cost values बराबर होंगी। परीक्षा में NNPMP और NNPFC का अंतर NIT से देखें।
When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net products can be equal. Link the NNP-NDP relation with NFIA in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NFIA शून्य हो / When NFIA is zero. When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net products can be equal. Link the NNP-NDP relation with NFIA in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA शून्य होने पर national और domestic net products बराबर हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में NNP-NDP relation को NFIA से जोड़ें।
Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. In exams remember it as the component deducted from GNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. In exams remember it as the component deducted from GNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के घिसाव को depreciation कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में इसे GNP से घटने वाला घटक याद रखें।
Capital consumption allowance is related to depreciation. In exams identify both terms for wear and tear of capital.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Capital consumption allowance is related to depreciation. In exams identify both terms for wear and tear of capital.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation से संबंधित है। परीक्षा में दोनों शब्दों को पूंजी के घिसाव के लिए पहचानें।
NNP is a net measure of national output. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than GNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन / National output. NNP is a net measure of national output. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than GNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन का net measure है। परीक्षा में इसे GNP से अधिक refined measure समझें।
A. जब वह देश के सामान्य निवासी से संबंधित हो/When it belongs to the country's normal resident
Step 1
Concept
National product includes income of normal residents even if the source is abroad. In exams focus on the resident concept.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह देश के सामान्य निवासी से संबंधित हो / When it belongs to the country's normal resident. National product includes income of normal residents even if the source is abroad. In exams focus on the resident concept.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National product में सामान्य निवासियों की income शामिल होती है चाहे स्रोत विदेश से हो। परीक्षा में resident concept पर ध्यान दें।
Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In exams treat income paid abroad as reducing national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह NFIA को घटा सकती है / It can reduce NFIA. Factor income paid to foreigners reduces NFIA. In exams treat income paid abroad as reducing national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को दी गई factor income NFIA को कम करती है। परीक्षा में income paid abroad को national income से घटने वाला मानें।
NFIA is added to move from domestic product to national product. In exams NFIA is the keyword for domestic-national conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA. NFIA is added to move from domestic product to national product. In exams NFIA is the keyword for domestic-national conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic product से national product में जाने के लिए NFIA जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में domestic-national conversion का keyword NFIA है।
Depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net product. In exams depreciation is the keyword for gross-net conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Depreciation is deducted to move from gross to net product. In exams depreciation is the keyword for gross-net conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross से net product में जाने के लिए depreciation घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में gross-net conversion का keyword depreciation है।
NIT is subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. In exams net indirect taxes is the keyword for MP-FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT. NIT is subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. In exams net indirect taxes is the keyword for MP-FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price से factor cost जाने के लिए NIT घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में MP-FC conversion का keyword net indirect taxes है।
Depreciation is used in moving from gross to net. In exams remember separate keywords for different conversions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gross to net - depreciation. Depreciation is used in moving from gross to net. In exams remember separate keywords for different conversions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross से net जाने में depreciation का उपयोग होता है। परीक्षा में अलग-अलग conversions के लिए अलग keywords याद रखें।
A. GNP से depreciation घटाएं/Subtract depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
The base of NNP is (GNP - Depreciation). Many easy exam questions are solved through this relation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP से depreciation घटाएं / Subtract depreciation from GNP. The base of NNP is (GNP - Depreciation). Many easy exam questions are solved through this relation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का आधार (GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में इसी relation से कई आसान प्रश्न हल हो जाते हैं।
NFIA (= NNP - NDP = 20) crore. In exams the difference between national and domestic net product is NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹20 करोड़ / ₹20 crore. NFIA (= NNP - NDP = 20) crore. In exams the difference between national and domestic net product is NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA (= NNP - NDP = 20) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में national और domestic net product का अंतर NFIA होता है।
NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) crore. In exams subtract negative NFIA from GDP and also subtract depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1250 करोड़ / ₹1250 crore. NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) crore. In exams subtract negative NFIA from GDP and also subtract depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को GDP से घटाएं और depreciation भी घटाएं।
