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A. MCS reporter gene के अंदर हो सकता है/MCS can be inside the reporter gene
Step 1
Concept
In many vectors the MCS is in the lacZ region. An insert can disrupt reporter activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. MCS reporter gene के अंदर हो सकता है / MCS can be inside the reporter gene. In many vectors the MCS is in the lacZ region. An insert can disrupt reporter activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई vectors में MCS lacZ region में होता है। Insert आने पर reporter activity disrupt हो सकती है।
A. Recombinant vectors maintain करना/Maintaining recombinant vectors
Step 1
Concept
In both libraries DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains these vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant vectors maintain करना / Maintaining recombinant vectors. In both libraries DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains these vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दोनों libraries में DNA fragments vectors में clone होते हैं। Competent host इन vectors को maintain करता है।
A. हर colony desired recombinant है/Every colony is a desired recombinant
Step 1
Concept
A high colony count can include empty vectors or background. Screening confirms recombinant status.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हर colony desired recombinant है / Every colony is a desired recombinant. A high colony count can include empty vectors or background. Screening confirms recombinant status.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High colony count में empty vector या background भी हो सकते हैं। Screening recombinant status confirm करती है।
cDNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains those recombinant vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. cDNA-containing recombinant vectors. cDNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains those recombinant vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
cDNA fragments vectors में clone किए जाते हैं। Competent host उन recombinant vectors को maintain करता है।
A. Genome fragments वाले vectors रखने के लिए/To keep vectors carrying genome fragments
Step 1
Concept
In a genomic library genome fragments are kept in vectors. A competent host maintains these recombinant vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Genome fragments वाले vectors रखने के लिए / To keep vectors carrying genome fragments. In a genomic library genome fragments are kept in vectors. A competent host maintains these recombinant vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Genomic library में genome fragments vectors में रखे जाते हैं। Competent host इन recombinant vectors को maintain करता है।
A. अलग-अलग DNA fragments वाले vectors maintain करना/Maintaining vectors with different DNA fragments
Step 1
Concept
In a library many DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. A competent host helps take up and maintain them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अलग-अलग DNA fragments वाले vectors maintain करना / Maintaining vectors with different DNA fragments. In a library many DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. A competent host helps take up and maintain them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Library में अनेक DNA fragments vectors में clone होते हैं। Competent host उन्हें uptake और maintain करने में मदद करता है।
A. कौन से hosts vector को maintain कर सकते हैं/Which hosts can maintain a vector
Step 1
Concept
Host range tells in which hosts a vector can work. Broad host range vectors are useful in more hosts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कौन से hosts vector को maintain कर सकते हैं / Which hosts can maintain a vector. Host range tells in which hosts a vector can work. Broad host range vectors are useful in more hosts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Host range बताता है कि vector किन hosts में काम कर सकता है। Broad host range vectors अधिक hosts में उपयोगी होते हैं।
A. Circular plasmid stable और replicable हो सकता है/Circular plasmid can be stable and replicable
Step 1
Concept
Plasmid vectors are usually circular DNA and can replicate in the host. Therefore they are useful in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Circular plasmid stable और replicable हो सकता है / Circular plasmid can be stable and replicable. Plasmid vectors are usually circular DNA and can replicate in the host. Therefore they are useful in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid vectors सामान्यतः circular DNA होते हैं और host में replicate कर सकते हैं। इसलिए वे cloning में उपयोगी हैं।
A. Vectors with ori marker and cloning site carry foreign DNA into host
Step 1
Concept
In final revision treat vector as a DNA carrier and ori marker cloning site as core features. This is an exam-safe summary.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vectors with ori marker and cloning site carry foreign DNA into host. In final revision treat vector as a DNA carrier and ori marker cloning site as core features. This is an exam-safe summary.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final revision में vector को DNA carrier और ori marker cloning site को core features मानें। यही exam-safe summary है।
A. यह foreign DNA को host में carry और replicate कराने वाला DNA vehicle है/It is a DNA vehicle that carries and replicates foreign DNA in a host
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps make copies. It has parts like ori marker and cloning site.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह foreign DNA को host में carry और replicate कराने वाला DNA vehicle है / It is a DNA vehicle that carries and replicates foreign DNA in a host. A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps make copies. It has parts like ori marker and cloning site.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में पहुँचाकर उसकी copies बनवाता है। इसमें ori marker और cloning site जैसे parts होते हैं।
A cloning vector carries insert replicates in host and helps selection. These are easy exam functions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Carry insert replicate in host allow selection. A cloning vector carries insert replicates in host and helps selection. These are easy exam functions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector insert carry करता है host में replicate होता है और selection में मदद करता है। ये easy exam functions हैं।
A screening marker like lacZ can distinguish recombinants and non-recombinants. This speeds up identification.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Screening marker like lacZ. A screening marker like lacZ can distinguish recombinants and non-recombinants. This speeds up identification.
Step 3
Exam Tip
lacZ जैसा screening marker recombinants और non-recombinants में अंतर दिखा सकता है। इससे पहचान तेज होती है।
A. Plasmid small inserts और BAC large inserts/Plasmid small inserts and BAC large inserts
Step 1
Concept
Simple plasmids are convenient for small inserts and BAC can carry large inserts. This is a broad comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Plasmid small inserts और BAC large inserts / Plasmid small inserts and BAC large inserts. Simple plasmids are convenient for small inserts and BAC can carry large inserts. This is a broad comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Simple plasmids छोटे inserts के लिए convenient होते हैं और BAC बड़े inserts carry कर सकता है। यह broad comparison है।
A. जब insert unstable या toxic हो सकता है/When insert may be unstable or toxic
Step 1
Concept
Some inserts can be unstable or toxic at high copy. A low-copy vector can help in such cases.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब insert unstable या toxic हो सकता है / When insert may be unstable or toxic. Some inserts can be unstable or toxic at high copy. A low-copy vector can help in such cases.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुछ inserts high copy में unstable या toxic हो सकते हैं। Low-copy vector ऐसे cases में मदद कर सकता है।
A high-copy vector gives more plasmid copies. This can improve DNA isolation yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अधिक plasmid DNA yield / More plasmid DNA yield. A high-copy vector gives more plasmid copies. This can improve DNA isolation yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High-copy vector से अधिक plasmid copies मिलती हैं। इससे DNA isolation yield बेहतर हो सकती है।
Ori replication control can determine copy number. A low-copy ori can give fewer plasmid copies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Low-copy ori हो / Low-copy ori is present. Ori replication control can determine copy number. A low-copy ori can give fewer plasmid copies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication control copy number तय कर सकता है। Low-copy ori से plasmid copies कम हो सकती हैं।
A. Marker वाले cells को चुनने में मदद/Helps select cells with marker
Step 1
Concept
Antibiotic allows only cells with resistance marker to grow. This enables selection.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Marker वाले cells को चुनने में मदद / Helps select cells with marker. Antibiotic allows only cells with resistance marker to grow. This enables selection.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic केवल उन cells को बढ़ने देता है जिनमें resistance marker होता है। इससे selection संभव होती है।
A. Desired gene की copies बनाना/Making copies of a desired gene
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector can replicate a desired gene in a host. This is the main goal of gene cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Desired gene की copies बनाना / Making copies of a desired gene. A cloning vector can replicate a desired gene in a host. This is the main goal of gene cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector desired gene को host में replicate करवा सकता है। यही gene cloning का main goal है।
D. Starch digestion enzyme के रूप में उपयोग/Use as starch-digesting enzyme
Step 1
Concept
Cloning vectors are DNA carriers. They are not starch-digesting enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. Starch digestion enzyme के रूप में उपयोग / Use as starch-digesting enzyme. Cloning vectors are DNA carriers. They are not starch-digesting enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं। वे starch digestion enzymes नहीं होते।
Agrobacterium Ti plasmid system is famous for plant transformation. Link it with plant biotechnology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Agrobacterium Ti plasmid system. Agrobacterium Ti plasmid system is famous for plant transformation. Link it with plant biotechnology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Agrobacterium Ti plasmid system plant transformation के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। इसे plant biotechnology से जोड़ें।
A. Host vector को replicate कराने में machinery देता है/Host provides machinery for vector replication
Step 1
Concept
Host cell helps in vector replication and maintenance. Therefore host-vector compatibility is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Host vector को replicate कराने में machinery देता है / Host provides machinery for vector replication. Host cell helps in vector replication and maintenance. Therefore host-vector compatibility is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Host cell vector replication और maintenance में मदद करती है। इसलिए host-vector compatibility जरूरी है।
A. Vector carries DNA और restriction enzyme cuts DNA/Vector carries DNA and restriction enzyme cuts DNA
Step 1
Concept
A vector carries desired DNA. A restriction enzyme cuts vector or insert at defined sites.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector carries DNA और restriction enzyme cuts DNA / Vector carries DNA and restriction enzyme cuts DNA. A vector carries desired DNA. A restriction enzyme cuts vector or insert at defined sites.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector desired DNA को carry करता है। Restriction enzyme vector या insert को defined sites पर काटता है।
A. Vector carries DNA और ligase joins DNA/Vector carries DNA and ligase joins DNA
Step 1
Concept
A vector is a DNA carrier and ligase joins DNA ends. Both have different roles in recombinant DNA process.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector carries DNA और ligase joins DNA / Vector carries DNA and ligase joins DNA. A vector is a DNA carrier and ligase joins DNA ends. Both have different roles in recombinant DNA process.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector DNA carrier है और ligase DNA ends जोड़ता है। दोनों recombinant DNA process में अलग roles निभाते हैं।
MCS shows which restriction sites are available for insert cloning. It helps decide the cloning strategy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. MCS restriction sites. MCS shows which restriction sites are available for insert cloning. It helps decide the cloning strategy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MCS बताता है कि कौन से restriction sites insert cloning के लिए उपलब्ध हैं। यह cloning strategy तय करने में मदद करता है।
A cut inside the insert can break the desired gene fragment. Therefore insert sequence should be checked before enzyme selection.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert टूट सकता है / Insert may break. A cut inside the insert can break the desired gene fragment. Therefore insert sequence should be checked before enzyme selection.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert के अंदर cut होने से desired gene fragment टूट सकता है। इसलिए enzyme selection से पहले insert sequence देखना जरूरी है।
A. Vector MCS और insert sequence/Vector MCS and insert sequence
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzyme choice depends on MCS sites and unwanted cut sites within insert. This is part of cloning planning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector MCS और insert sequence / Vector MCS and insert sequence. Restriction enzyme choice depends on MCS sites and unwanted cut sites within insert. This is part of cloning planning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme choice MCS sites और insert में unwanted cut sites पर निर्भर करती है। यह cloning planning का हिस्सा है।
A. Ori marker MCS और restriction sites की position/Positions of ori marker MCS and restriction sites
Step 1
Concept
A vector map shows positions of important features. This makes cloning planning easier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori marker MCS और restriction sites की position / Positions of ori marker MCS and restriction sites. A vector map shows positions of important features. This makes cloning planning easier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector map important features की position दिखाता है। इससे cloning planning आसान होती है।
A. गलत insert या गलत clone/Wrong insert or wrong clone
Step 1
Concept
A wrong band pattern can indicate a clone problem. Compare it with insert size and vector map.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. गलत insert या गलत clone / Wrong insert or wrong clone. A wrong band pattern can indicate a clone problem. Compare it with insert size and vector map.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Wrong band pattern clone problem का संकेत हो सकता है। इसे insert size और vector map से compare करें।
DNA sequencing can confirm insert identity and orientation. Therefore it is a strong method for final confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing can confirm insert identity and orientation. Therefore it is a strong method for final confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA sequencing insert identity और orientation confirm कर सकती है। इसलिए यह final confirmation के लिए मजबूत method है।
A. गलत plasmid colony मिलना/Getting wrong plasmid colony
Step 1
Concept
Wrong plasmid contamination can give a wrong clone. Therefore screening and sterile technique are important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. गलत plasmid colony मिलना / Getting wrong plasmid colony. Wrong plasmid contamination can give a wrong clone. Therefore screening and sterile technique are important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
गलत plasmid contamination से गलत clone मिल सकता है। इसलिए screening और sterile technique जरूरी हैं।
A. Selection pressure न हो/Selection pressure is absent
Step 1
Concept
Without selection pressure cells carrying the vector get no advantage. This can lead to vector loss.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selection pressure न हो / Selection pressure is absent. Without selection pressure cells carrying the vector get no advantage. This can lead to vector loss.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selection pressure न हो तो vector रखने वाली cells को लाभ नहीं मिलता। इससे vector loss हो सकता है।
A selection marker and selection condition help maintain vector-containing cells. This can reduce vector loss.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selectable marker with selection. A selection marker and selection condition help maintain vector-containing cells. This can reduce vector loss.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selection marker और selection condition vector-containing cells को बनाए रखने में मदद करते हैं। इससे vector loss घट सकता है।
A. Host में insert का unstable होना/Insert being unstable in host
Step 1
Concept
Some inserts can be unstable in a host. Choice of vector-host system can affect stability.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Host में insert का unstable होना / Insert being unstable in host. Some inserts can be unstable in a host. Choice of vector-host system can affect stability.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुछ inserts host में unstable हो सकते हैं। Vector-host system का चुनाव stability पर असर डाल सकता है।
An expression vector can produce gene product. If the product is toxic expression control should be designed carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expression vector design. An expression vector can produce gene product. If the product is toxic expression control should be designed carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expression vector gene product बनवा सकता है। Toxic product होने पर expression control सावधानी से design करना चाहिए।
A. Desired insert DNA की presence/Presence of desired insert DNA
Step 1
Concept
An empty vector lacks the desired insert. Presence of insert makes the vector recombinant.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Desired insert DNA की presence / Presence of desired insert DNA. An empty vector lacks the desired insert. Presence of insert makes the vector recombinant.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। Insert की presence vector को recombinant बनाती है।
A. Vector में desired insert confirm हो/Desired insert is confirmed in vector
Step 1
Concept
A recombinant vector must contain the desired insert. Confirmation can be done by restriction analysis or sequencing.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector में desired insert confirm हो / Desired insert is confirmed in vector. A recombinant vector must contain the desired insert. Confirmation can be done by restriction analysis or sequencing.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant vector में desired insert मौजूद होना चाहिए। Confirmation restriction analysis या sequencing से की जा सकती है।
An expression vector is designed for gene expression and product formation. A cloning vector mainly makes copies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expression vector. An expression vector is designed for gene expression and product formation. A cloning vector mainly makes copies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expression vector gene expression और product formation के लिए design होता है। Cloning vector mainly copies बनवाता है।
A promoter helps start transcription of the insert gene. Such a vector can be useful for expression purposes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gene expression. A promoter helps start transcription of the insert gene. Such a vector can be useful for expression purposes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Promoter insert gene की transcription शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। ऐसा vector expression purpose के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है।
A. ऐसी दशा जहाँ marker वाले cells बढ़ते हैं/A condition where marker-containing cells grow
Step 1
Concept
Antibiotic medium is an example of selection pressure. Cells with the resistance marker survive in it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ऐसी दशा जहाँ marker वाले cells बढ़ते हैं / A condition where marker-containing cells grow. Antibiotic medium is an example of selection pressure. Cells with the resistance marker survive in it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic medium selection pressure का example है। इसमें resistance marker वाली cells survive करती हैं।
A. Functional ori और selection pressure हो/Functional ori and selection pressure are present
Step 1
Concept
Functional ori allows vector replication and selection pressure helps maintain marker-containing vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Functional ori और selection pressure हो / Functional ori and selection pressure are present. Functional ori allows vector replication and selection pressure helps maintain marker-containing vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Functional ori vector replication कराता है और selection pressure marker वाला vector बनाए रखने में मदद करता है।
Marker disruption can be the basis of insertional inactivation. It helps identify recombinant clones.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant पहचान / Recombinant identification. Marker disruption can be the basis of insertional inactivation. It helps identify recombinant clones.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Marker disruption insertional inactivation का आधार हो सकता है। इससे recombinant clones पहचानने में मदद मिलती है।
A. Vector replication प्रभावित हो सकती है/Vector replication can be affected
Step 1
Concept
Ori is required for replication. Disruption in it can affect vector copy formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector replication प्रभावित हो सकती है / Vector replication can be affected. Ori is required for replication. Disruption in it can affect vector copy formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication के लिए आवश्यक है। उसमें disruption होने से vector copy formation प्रभावित हो सकती है।
A. कई restriction sites उपलब्ध कराता है/It provides many restriction sites
Step 1
Concept
MCS has many enzyme sites. This provides options for insert cloning with different enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कई restriction sites उपलब्ध कराता है / It provides many restriction sites. MCS has many enzyme sites. This provides options for insert cloning with different enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MCS में कई enzyme sites होते हैं। इससे different enzymes से insert cloning के विकल्प मिलते हैं।
A. Insert सही जुड़ा है या नहीं/Whether insert is correctly joined
Step 1
Concept
Antibiotic selection shows vector presence. Screening or sequencing is needed for insert confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert सही जुड़ा है या नहीं / Whether insert is correctly joined. Antibiotic selection shows vector presence. Screening or sequencing is needed for insert confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic selection vector presence दिखाती है। Insert confirmation के लिए screening या sequencing चाहिए।
BAC and YAC can be useful for large DNA inserts. A simple plasmid is often convenient for smaller inserts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. BAC या YAC / BAC or YAC. BAC and YAC can be useful for large DNA inserts. A simple plasmid is often convenient for smaller inserts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
BAC और YAC बड़े DNA inserts के लिए उपयोगी हो सकते हैं। Simple plasmid अक्सर छोटे inserts के लिए convenient है।
A. Vector ori host में काम नहीं करता/Vector ori does not work in host
Step 1
Concept
Ori must work with the host replication machinery. If compatibility is poor the vector will not replicate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector ori host में काम नहीं करता / Vector ori does not work in host. Ori must work with the host replication machinery. If compatibility is poor the vector will not replicate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori को host replication machinery के साथ काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility खराब होने पर vector replicate नहीं करेगा।
A. Recombinant clone हो सकता है/It may be a recombinant clone
Step 1
Concept
A white colony can indicate lacZ disruption. Antibiotic resistance shows vector uptake.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant clone हो सकता है / It may be a recombinant clone. A white colony can indicate lacZ disruption. Antibiotic resistance shows vector uptake.
Step 3
Exam Tip
White colony lacZ disruption का संकेत हो सकती है। Antibiotic resistance vector uptake को दिखाता है।
A. Vector है पर insert नहीं हो सकता/Vector may be present but insert may be absent
Step 1
Concept
Antibiotic resistance can show vector uptake and blue color indicates active lacZ. This can mean non-recombinant.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector है पर insert नहीं हो सकता / Vector may be present but insert may be absent. Antibiotic resistance can show vector uptake and blue color indicates active lacZ. This can mean non-recombinant.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic resistance vector uptake दिखा सकता है और blue color lacZ active होने का संकेत है। इसका मतलब non-recombinant हो सकता है।
A. Vector insert के बिना बंद होकर marker रख सकता है/Vector can close without insert and still carry marker
Step 1
Concept
A self-ligated vector can keep the antibiotic marker but lacks desired insert. Therefore screening is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector insert के बिना बंद होकर marker रख सकता है / Vector can close without insert and still carry marker. A self-ligated vector can keep the antibiotic marker but lacks desired insert. Therefore screening is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-ligated vector antibiotic marker रख सकता है पर desired insert नहीं होता। इसलिए screening जरूरी है।
A. Insert की सही direction control करना/Controlling correct insert direction
Step 1
Concept
Different ends help join the insert in a preferred orientation. This can be useful in expression experiments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert की सही direction control करना / Controlling correct insert direction. Different ends help join the insert in a preferred orientation. This can be useful in expression experiments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अलग ends insert को एक preferred orientation में जोड़ने में मदद करते हैं। यह expression experiments में उपयोगी हो सकता है।
A. Expression या downstream use/Expression or downstream use
Step 1
Concept
Insert orientation can affect gene expression and experiment results. Directional cloning helps control it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expression या downstream use / Expression or downstream use. Insert orientation can affect gene expression and experiment results. Directional cloning helps control it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert orientation gene expression और प्रयोग के परिणामों को प्रभावित कर सकती है। Directional cloning इसे नियंत्रित करने में मदद करती है।
A. Insert का exact sequence और direction/Exact sequence and direction of insert
Step 1
Concept
Sequencing can tell the exact sequence and orientation of the insert. It is a strong method for clone confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert का exact sequence और direction / Exact sequence and direction of insert. Sequencing can tell the exact sequence and orientation of the insert. It is a strong method for clone confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sequencing insert की exact sequence और orientation बता सकती है। यह clone confirmation का strong तरीका है।
An expected size band can indicate insert presence. Sequencing is also useful for final confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert मौजूद हो सकता है / Insert may be present. An expected size band can indicate insert presence. Sequencing is also useful for final confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expected size band insert की presence का संकेत दे सकता है। Final confirmation के लिए sequencing भी उपयोगी है।
A. Insert cloning failed हो सकती है/Insert cloning may have failed
Step 1
Concept
Absence of expected band can indicate insert absence or a wrong clone. Further screening should be done for confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert cloning failed हो सकती है / Insert cloning may have failed. Absence of expected band can indicate insert absence or a wrong clone. Further screening should be done for confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expected band न दिखना insert absence या wrong clone का संकेत हो सकता है। Confirmation के लिए further screening करें।
Ori is for replication marker is for selection and MCS is for insertion. Remember all three with functions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori replication marker selection MCS insertion. Ori is for replication marker is for selection and MCS is for insertion. Remember all three with functions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication के लिए marker selection के लिए और MCS insertion के लिए है। इन तीनों को functions के साथ याद करें।
A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA vehicle/DNA vehicle with ori marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA vehicle with replication selection and insertion features. This is the safest answer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA vehicle / DNA vehicle with ori marker and cloning site. In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA vehicle with replication selection and insertion features. This is the safest answer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Exam में cloning vector को DNA vehicle मानें जिसमें replication selection और insertion features हों। यही safest answer है।
A. जब केवल DNA copies चाहिए/When only DNA copies are needed
Step 1
Concept
A simple cloning vector is useful for making DNA copies. If gene product is needed an expression vector may be better.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब केवल DNA copies चाहिए / When only DNA copies are needed. A simple cloning vector is useful for making DNA copies. If gene product is needed an expression vector may be better.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Simple cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए useful है। Gene product चाहिए तो expression vector बेहतर हो सकता है।
A. Vector cutting insert ligation transformation selection
Step 1
Concept
In a common cloning workflow the vector is prepared insert is ligated and transformed into host. Then selection and screening occur.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector cutting insert ligation transformation selection. In a common cloning workflow the vector is prepared insert is ligated and transformed into host. Then selection and screening occur.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सामान्य cloning workflow में vector तैयार कर insert ligate करके host में transform किया जाता है। फिर selection और screening होती है।
A. Vector DNA host cell में डाला जाता है/Vector DNA is introduced into a host cell
Step 1
Concept
In transformation vector or recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell. Selection can be done afterward.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector DNA host cell में डाला जाता है / Vector DNA is introduced into a host cell. In transformation vector or recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell. Selection can be done afterward.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transformation में vector या recombinant DNA host cell में पहुँचाया जाता है। इसके बाद selection की जा सकती है।
A. Recombinant vector में insert होता है/Recombinant vector has insert
Step 1
Concept
A recombinant vector has the desired insert DNA joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant vector में insert होता है / Recombinant vector has insert. A recombinant vector has the desired insert DNA joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant vector में desired insert DNA जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता।
A. Replication selection और insertion को आसान बनाना/Making replication selection and insertion easy
Step 1
Concept
Vector design includes elements like ori marker and cloning site. These make cloning efficient.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Replication selection और insertion को आसान बनाना / Making replication selection and insertion easy. Vector design includes elements like ori marker and cloning site. These make cloning efficient.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector design में ori marker और cloning site जैसे elements रखे जाते हैं। ये cloning को efficient बनाते हैं।
A. Unwanted cutting हो सकती है/Unwanted cutting can occur
Step 1
Concept
Controlled cloning needs useful defined restriction sites. Random cuts can damage the vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Unwanted cutting हो सकती है / Unwanted cutting can occur. Controlled cloning needs useful defined restriction sites. Random cuts can damage the vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Controlled cloning के लिए useful defined restriction sites चाहिए। Random cuts vector को नुकसान पहुँचा सकते हैं।
The basic function of a cloning vector is carrying foreign DNA. This is the first requirement of gene cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. It must be able to carry foreign DNA. The basic function of a cloning vector is carrying foreign DNA. This is the first requirement of gene cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector का basic function foreign DNA carry करना है। यही gene cloning का first requirement है।
A. Ori और selectable marker/Ori and selectable marker
Step 1
Concept
Ori allows replication and marker helps selection. Both are useful in vector maintenance.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori और selectable marker / Ori and selectable marker. Ori allows replication and marker helps selection. Both are useful in vector maintenance.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication कराता है और marker selection में मदद करता है। दोनों vector maintenance में उपयोगी हैं।
Insert DNA is placed into the cloning site or MCS. This is the designed insertion region of the vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. MCS या cloning site / MCS or cloning site. Insert DNA is placed into the cloning site or MCS. This is the designed insertion region of the vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert DNA cloning site या MCS में डाला जाता है। यही vector का designed insertion region है।
A selectable marker directly helps select transformed cells. Antibiotic resistance marker is a common example.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selectable marker. A selectable marker directly helps select transformed cells. Antibiotic resistance marker is a common example.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker transformed cells को select करने में direct मदद करता है। Antibiotic resistance marker इसका common example है।
A. mRNA से बने complementary DNA fragments/Complementary DNA fragments made from mRNA
Step 1
Concept
In a cDNA library complementary DNA fragments made from expressed genes are cloned. The vector carries these fragments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. mRNA से बने complementary DNA fragments / Complementary DNA fragments made from mRNA. In a cDNA library complementary DNA fragments made from expressed genes are cloned. The vector carries these fragments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
cDNA library में expressed genes से बने complementary DNA fragments clone किए जाते हैं। Vector इन fragments को carry करता है।
A. Genome fragments को clone और maintain करने के लिए/To clone and maintain genome fragments
Step 1
Concept
In a genomic library DNA fragments of the genome are kept in vectors. This allows study and storage.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Genome fragments को clone और maintain करने के लिए / To clone and maintain genome fragments. In a genomic library DNA fragments of the genome are kept in vectors. This allows study and storage.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Genomic library में genome के DNA fragments vectors में रखे जाते हैं। इससे उनका अध्ययन और storage संभव होता है।
A. कई DNA fragments को vectors में store करना/Storing many DNA fragments in vectors
Step 1
Concept
In a gene library many DNA fragments can be cloned in different vectors. This is useful in genome study.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कई DNA fragments को vectors में store करना / Storing many DNA fragments in vectors. In a gene library many DNA fragments can be cloned in different vectors. This is useful in genome study.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gene library में अनेक DNA fragments अलग-अलग vectors में cloned रखे जा सकते हैं। यह genome study में उपयोगी है।
A. Insert size और experiment need/Insert size and experiment need
Step 1
Concept
A plasmid can be convenient for small inserts and BAC can be useful for large inserts. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert size और experiment need / Insert size and experiment need. A plasmid can be convenient for small inserts and BAC can be useful for large inserts. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Small inserts के लिए plasmid convenient हो सकता है और large inserts के लिए BAC useful हो सकता है। Vector choice insert size पर निर्भर हो सकती है।
A. वेक्टर कितना डीएनए insert carry कर सकता है/How much DNA insert a vector can carry
Step 1
Concept
Insert capacity is related to the size of DNA fragment a vector can carry. Different vectors can have different capacities.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेक्टर कितना डीएनए insert carry कर सकता है / How much DNA insert a vector can carry. Insert capacity is related to the size of DNA fragment a vector can carry. Different vectors can have different capacities.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert capacity vector द्वारा carry किए जाने वाले DNA fragment के size से जुड़ी है। Different vectors की capacities अलग हो सकती हैं।
