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Ignoring expert advice of permanent executive can create what kind of policy problem?
Correct answer: A
The permanent executive, comprising experienced civil servants, has specialised knowledge of administrative procedures, available resources and field-level difficulties. If its advice is ignored, a policy may appear sound on paper but become impractical or be implemented poorly. Direct election to the Lok Sabha and bicameralism are constitutional arrangements, not consequences of ignoring expert advice. Exam tip: the political executive makes decisions, while the permanent executive advises on feasibility and implementation.
Why would the Prime Minister's position be considered unstable without Lok Sabha majority?
Correct answer: A
In India, the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Prime Minister and the Council must retain the confidence of the Lok Sabha. If they lose majority support, a no-confidence motion may be passed and the Council may have to resign. The President does not automatically remove a Prime Minister in every situation; support in the Lok Sabha is decisive. Exam tip: Link “collective responsibility” with Lok Sabha confidence and the stability of the Council of Ministers.
Which institutional means prevent the Prime Minister's power from becoming authoritarian?
Correct answer: A
In a parliamentary democracy, the Prime Minister must retain the confidence of the Lok Sabha, while the Cabinet is collectively responsible. The opposition scrutinises government action, and the judiciary can review unconstitutional actions. Private advisers or permanent officials alone are not democratic institutional checks on the Prime Minister. Exam tip: Remember the checks as legislature, Cabinet, opposition and judiciary.
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