To get \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\), apply domestic to national, gross to net and MP to FC adjustments. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें, मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, NIT घटाएं / Add NFIA, subtract depreciation, subtract NIT. To get \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\), apply domestic to national, gross to net and MP to FC adjustments. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए domestic से national, gross से net और MP से FC तीनों adjustment होते हैं। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) याद रखें।
A. \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक होगा/\(NNP_{FC}\) will be greater than \(NNP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) increases. In exams subtracting negative NIT means adding it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक होगा / \(NNP_{FC}\) will be greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) increases. In exams subtracting negative NIT means adding it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT ऋणात्मक होता है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) में value बढ़ती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT को घटाने का अर्थ जोड़ना समझें।
A. जब अप्रत्यक्ष कर और subsidies मौजूद हों/When indirect taxes and subsidies exist
Step 1
Concept
The difference between market price and factor cost is due to net indirect taxes. In exams depreciation is for gross-net and NFIA is for domestic-national conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब अप्रत्यक्ष कर और subsidies मौजूद हों / When indirect taxes and subsidies exist. The difference between market price and factor cost is due to net indirect taxes. In exams depreciation is for gross-net and NFIA is for domestic-national conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price और factor cost का अंतर net indirect taxes से बनता है। परीक्षा में depreciation gross-net और NFIA domestic-national conversion से जुड़ा है।
NIT (=90-30=60), so \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then convert.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1340 करोड़ / ₹1340 crore. NIT (=90-30=60), so \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then convert.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=90-30=60), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर conversion करें।
National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). In exams do not forget to convert market price into factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT घटाना होगा / NIT must be subtracted. National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). In exams do not forget to convert market price into factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। परीक्षा में market price को factor cost में बदलना न भूलें।
A. यह सामान्य निवासियों की factor income का शुद्ध योग है/It is the net sum of factor income of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and is linked with factor incomes. In exams do not treat transfer payments as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह सामान्य निवासियों की factor income का शुद्ध योग है / It is the net sum of factor income of normal residents. \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and is linked with factor incomes. In exams do not treat transfer payments as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) राष्ट्रीय आय है और factor incomes से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में transfer payments को factor income न मानें।
\(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) crore. Since FC is already given, no NIT adjustment is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1750 करोड़ / ₹1750 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) crore. Since FC is already given, no NIT adjustment is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC already है इसलिए NIT adjustment नहीं चाहिए।
A. केवल मूल्यह्रास घटाना/Only subtract depreciation
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost, so only gross to net conversion is needed. Avoid unnecessary adjustments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल मूल्यह्रास घटाना / Only subtract depreciation. \(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost, so only gross to net conversion is needed. Avoid unnecessary adjustments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) पहले से national और factor cost पर है इसलिए केवल gross से net conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में unnecessary adjustment से बचें।
Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation and (1300-1180=120) crore. In exams understand the gross-net difference as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹120 करोड़ / ₹120 crore. Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation and (1300-1180=120) crore. In exams understand the gross-net difference as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Consumption of fixed capital depreciation ही है और (1300-1180=120) करोड़। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation समझें।
National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), so if domestic is greater, NFIA is negative. In exams link the relation with the sign.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA ऋणात्मक है / NFIA is negative. National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), so if domestic is greater, NFIA is negative. In exams link the relation with the sign.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), इसलिए domestic अधिक होने पर NFIA negative होता है। परीक्षा में relation को sign से जोड़ें।
The difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price level, national-domestic equality means NFIA is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. The difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price level, national-domestic equality means NFIA is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP के बीच अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price level पर national-domestic equality का मतलब NFIA zero समझें।
NIT (=150-60=90), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) crore. Treat National Income as \(NNP_{FC}\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1110 करोड़ / ₹1110 crore. NIT (=150-60=90), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) crore. Treat National Income as \(NNP_{FC}\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=150-60=90), इसलिए राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) करोड़। परीक्षा में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) मानें।
Moving from NNP to GNP is net to gross conversion, so depreciation is added. In exams signs change in reverse formulas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ना / Add depreciation. Moving from NNP to GNP is net to gross conversion, so depreciation is added. In exams signs change in reverse formulas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP से GNP जाने के लिए net से gross conversion होता है और depreciation जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में reverse formula में signs बदलते हैं।
\(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) crore. Add depreciation to get gross value from net value in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹1540 करोड़ / ₹1540 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) crore. Add depreciation to get gross value from net value in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value से gross value पाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें।
First \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) crore. Since it is already net, do not adjust depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1030 करोड़ / ₹1030 crore. First \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) crore. Since it is already net, do not adjust depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value होने से depreciation adjustment नहीं करें।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली वास्तविक factor income दिखाता है/Because it shows actual factor income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Measurement at factor cost represents factor payments. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) with final national income under income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली वास्तविक factor income दिखाता है / Because it shows actual factor income received by factors of production. Measurement at factor cost represents factor payments. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) with final national income under income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost पर माप factor payments को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को income method के final national income से जोड़ें।
Net to gross conversion is done through depreciation, not NFIA. In exams remember a separate keyword for each conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. Net to Gross - NFIA. Net to gross conversion is done through depreciation, not NFIA. In exams remember a separate keyword for each conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net to gross conversion depreciation से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में हर conversion का अलग keyword याद रखें।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) crore. Apply all adjustments with correct signs in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹2100 करोड़ / ₹2100 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) crore. Apply all adjustments with correct signs in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) करोड़। परीक्षा में सभी adjustments को सही sign से लगाएं।
The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams link the domestic-national product difference with net factor income from abroad.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA (=+60) करोड़ / NFIA (=+60) crore. The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams link the domestic-national product difference with net factor income from abroad.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP का अंतर NFIA होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national product का difference विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय से जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) crore. Once \(GNP_{MP}\) is given, subtract depreciation to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1450 करोड़ / ₹1450 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) crore. Once \(GNP_{MP}\) is given, subtract depreciation to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(GNP_{MP}\) मिलते ही depreciation घटाकर \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालें।
NFIA is income received from abroad minus income paid abroad. If paid income is higher, NFIA will be negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ऋणात्मक / Negative. NFIA is income received from abroad minus income paid abroad. If paid income is higher, NFIA will be negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA abroad से प्राप्त income minus abroad को paid income है। यदि paid income अधिक है तो NFIA negative होगा।
A. क्योंकि यह capital wear and tear को घटाता है/Because it deducts capital wear and tear
Step 1
Concept
NNP deducts depreciation and shows the economy's net productive capacity. In exams treat GNP as gross and NNP as net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह capital wear and tear को घटाता है / Because it deducts capital wear and tear. NNP deducts depreciation and shows the economy's net productive capacity. In exams treat GNP as gross and NNP as net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP depreciation घटाकर economy की net productive capacity दिखाता है। परीक्षा में GNP को gross और NNP को net measure समझें।
A. जब question national income at factor cost पूछता है/When the question asks national income at factor cost
Step 1
Concept
The standard aggregate for national income at factor cost is \(NNP_{FC}\). In exams identify the concept even if wording changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब question national income at factor cost पूछता है / When the question asks national income at factor cost. The standard aggregate for national income at factor cost is \(NNP_{FC}\). In exams identify the concept even if wording changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income at factor cost का standard aggregate \(NNP_{FC}\) है। परीक्षा में शब्द बदलने पर भी concept पहचानें।
NFIA is subtracted in reverse conversion. In exams pay attention to signs while rearranging formulas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA\). NFIA is subtracted in reverse conversion. In exams pay attention to signs while rearranging formulas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Reverse conversion में NFIA घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में formula rearrangement करते समय signs पर ध्यान दें।
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA increases the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹1280 करोड़ / ₹1280 crore. (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA increases the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है।
A. NFIA घटाएं और NIT घटाएं/Subtract NFIA and subtract NIT
Step 1
Concept
For national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted and for MP to FC, NIT is subtracted. Apply both conversions separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं और NIT घटाएं / Subtract NFIA and subtract NIT. For national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted and for MP to FC, NIT is subtracted. Apply both conversions separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National से domestic के लिए NFIA घटता है और MP से FC के लिए NIT घटता है। परीक्षा में दोनों conversions को अलग-अलग लागू करें।
\(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) crore. In exams subtract for both national to domestic and MP to FC conversions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹890 करोड़ / ₹890 crore. \(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) crore. In exams subtract for both national to domestic and MP to FC conversions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic और MP से FC दोनों में subtraction करें।
A. पुरानी कार की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य/Full resale value of an old car
Step 1
Concept
The full resale value of an old car is not current production. In exams commission on second-hand goods can be treated as current service separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी कार की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य / Full resale value of an old car. The full resale value of an old car is not current production. In exams commission on second-hand goods can be treated as current service separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods के commission को अलग से current service माना जा सकता है।
A. केवल ₹10 करोड़ commission/Only ₹10 crore commission
Step 1
Concept
The full value of the old machine is not current output but commission is a current service. In exams separate transaction value from service income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल ₹10 करोड़ commission / Only ₹10 crore commission. The full value of the old machine is not current output but commission is a current service. In exams separate transaction value from service income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन का पूरा मूल्य current output नहीं है पर commission वर्तमान सेवा है। परीक्षा में transaction value और service income को अलग करें।
A. Transfer payments को factor income मानने की गलती/Error of treating transfer payments as factor income
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments do not involve current productive service in return. Do not include them in national income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transfer payments को factor income मानने की गलती / Error of treating transfer payments as factor income. Transfer payments do not involve current productive service in return. Do not include them in national income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में इन्हें national income में include न करें।
A. इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है/Its reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of own-account household services can be difficult and inconsistent. In exams distinguish market and non-market services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है / Its reliable market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of own-account household services can be difficult and inconsistent. In exams distinguish market and non-market services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Own-account household services का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन और असंगत हो सकता है। परीक्षा में market और non-market services में अंतर करें।
A. Doctor की paid consultation service/Doctor's paid consultation service
Step 1
Concept
Doctor's paid consultation is a current productive service. In exams distinguish productive service from transfer receipt.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Doctor की paid consultation service / Doctor's paid consultation service. Doctor's paid consultation is a current productive service. In exams distinguish productive service from transfer receipt.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Doctor की paid consultation current productive service है। परीक्षा में productive service और transfer receipt को अलग करें।
Wages, rent, interest and profit are factor incomes, so this is income method logic. Treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as a factor income aggregate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Income method logic. Wages, rent, interest and profit are factor incomes, so this is income method logic. Treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as a factor income aggregate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Wages, rent, interest और profit factor incomes हैं इसलिए यह income method logic है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को factor income aggregate मानें।
Old age pension is a transfer payment, not a reward for factor service. In exams keep factor payments and transfers separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Old age pension. Old age pension is a transfer payment, not a reward for factor service. In exams keep factor payments and transfers separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old age pension transfer payment है, factor service का reward नहीं। परीक्षा में factor payments और transfers को अलग रखें।
A. जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों/When subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}\) becomes greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). Understand the negative NIT case in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों / When subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}\) becomes greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). Understand the negative NIT case in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT negative होता है और \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative NIT की स्थिति समझें।
NIT (=80-110=-30), so (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) crore. When subsidy is higher, factor cost value can rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹730 करोड़ / ₹730 crore. NIT (=80-110=-30), so (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) crore. When subsidy is higher, factor cost value can rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=80-110=-30), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) करोड़। परीक्षा में subsidy अधिक होने पर factor cost value बढ़ सकती है।
The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams equality at the same price level means NFIA is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams equality at the same price level means NFIA is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP में अंतर NFIA का होता है। परीक्षा में equality का अर्थ same price level पर NFIA zero समझें।
When \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\). Use equality as a shortcut in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{MP}-70\). When \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\). Use equality as a shortcut in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), तब \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\) होगा। परीक्षा में equality को shortcut की तरह लें।
A. \(NDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\)/From \(NDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, only NFIA is added. Do not apply depreciation when moving from D to N in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) / From \(NDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\). \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, only NFIA is added. Do not apply depreciation when moving from D to N in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, केवल NFIA जोड़ना होता है। परीक्षा में D से N जाने में depreciation न लगाएं।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) crore. Since \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, no depreciation deduction is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹740 करोड़ / ₹740 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) crore. Since \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, no depreciation deduction is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(NDP_{MP}\) से net होने के कारण depreciation घटाने की जरूरत नहीं है।
A. उद्यमिता को मिला प्रतिफल/Reward received by entrepreneurship
Step 1
Concept
Profit is the reward of the entrepreneurial factor, so it is factor income. In exams distinguish profit from transfer receipts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उद्यमिता को मिला प्रतिफल / Reward received by entrepreneurship. Profit is the reward of the entrepreneurial factor, so it is factor income. In exams distinguish profit from transfer receipts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Profit उद्यमी factor का reward है इसलिए factor income में आता है। परीक्षा में profit को transfer receipt से अलग पहचानें।
A. दोनों समान concept हैं/Both are the same concept
Step 1
Concept
In Class 12 macroeconomics, National Income is called \(NNP_{FC}\). Avoid terminology traps in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों समान concept हैं / Both are the same concept. In Class 12 macroeconomics, National Income is called \(NNP_{FC}\). Avoid terminology traps in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Class 12 macroeconomics में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में terminology trap से बचें।
A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का अलग मूल्य/Separate value of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so adding it separately causes double counting. Remember the final output approach in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का अलग मूल्य / Separate value of intermediate goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so adding it separately causes double counting. Remember the final output approach in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final goods में शामिल होता है इसलिए अलग से जोड़ना double counting करेगा। परीक्षा में final output approach याद रखें।
A. NIT (=80) करोड़ और indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं/NIT (=80) crore and indirect taxes are greater than subsidies
Step 1
Concept
NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) crore. Positive NIT means indirect taxes are greater than subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT (=80) करोड़ और indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं / NIT (=80) crore and indirect taxes are greater than subsidies. NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) crore. Positive NIT means indirect taxes are greater than subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) करोड़ है। Positive NIT का अर्थ indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं।
A. क्योंकि GNP पहले से national aggregate है/Because GNP is already a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
GNP is already a national concept, so domestic to national conversion is not needed. Identify the initial form of aggregate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GNP पहले से national aggregate है / Because GNP is already a national aggregate. GNP is already a national concept, so domestic to national conversion is not needed. Identify the initial form of aggregate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP already national concept है, इसलिए domestic से national conversion की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के initial form को पहचानें।
NIT (=180-80=100), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract both depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1850 करोड़ / ₹1850 crore. NIT (=180-80=100), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract both depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=180-80=100), इसलिए national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT दोनों घटाएं।
Even when NFIA is negative, it is added in the formula, reducing the value. In exams apply the sign along with the number.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Even when NFIA is negative, it is added in the formula, reducing the value. In exams apply the sign along with the number.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA negative हो तब भी formula में NFIA जोड़ा जाता है, जिससे value घटती है। परीक्षा में sign को number के साथ ही apply करें।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) crore. In exams negative NFIA and NIT both reduce the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹2450 करोड़ / ₹2450 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) crore. In exams negative NFIA and NIT both reduce the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA और NIT दोनों घटते हैं।
A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं/Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and factor cost value can exceed market price. In exams identify the negative NIT case.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं / Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and factor cost value can exceed market price. In exams identify the negative NIT case.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब subsidies अधिक होती हैं तो NIT negative होता है और factor cost value market price से अधिक हो सकती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT वाली स्थिति पहचानें।
A. NFIA जोड़ना और NIT घटाना/Add NFIA and subtract NIT
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is needed. In exams do only domestic-national and MP-FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना और NIT घटाना / Add NFIA and subtract NIT. \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is needed. In exams do only domestic-national and MP-FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) पहले से net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में केवल domestic-national और MP-FC conversion करें।
\(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) crore. Do not subtract depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1200 करोड़ / ₹1200 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) crore. Do not subtract depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation फिर से न घटाएं।
The difference between GNPFC and NNPFC is depreciation. At the same national and cost basis, check gross-net difference in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उच्च depreciation / High depreciation. The difference between GNPFC and NNPFC is depreciation. At the same national and cost basis, check gross-net difference in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNPFC और NNPFC का अंतर depreciation होता है। परीक्षा में same national और same cost basis पर gross-net difference देखें।
Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation, so \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) crore. Treat both names as the same adjustment in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1840 करोड़ / ₹1840 crore. Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation, so \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) crore. Treat both names as the same adjustment in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Consumption of fixed capital depreciation है, इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) करोड़। परीक्षा में दोनों नामों को एक ही adjustment मानें।
GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. First identify whether the aggregate is national or domestic in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA adjustment. GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. First identify whether the aggregate is national or domestic in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के national या domestic nature को पहले पहचानें।
The national-domestic difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price and net basis, NFIA is the adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA\). The national-domestic difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price and net basis, NFIA is the adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP में national-domestic difference NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price और same net basis पर NFIA ही adjustment है।
NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) crore. When national value is lower, treat NFIA as negative in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹-75 करोड़ / ₹-75 crore. NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) crore. When national value is lower, treat NFIA as negative in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national value कम होने पर NFIA negative समझें।
From \(GDP_{FC}\), after making it national and net, add NIT for MP. In exams add NIT when moving from FC to MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT जोड़ें / Add NFIA, subtract depreciation, add NIT. From \(GDP_{FC}\), after making it national and net, add NIT for MP. In exams add NIT when moving from FC to MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}\) से national और net बनाने के बाद MP के लिए NIT जोड़ना होगा। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) crore. Keep the sign of NIT correct when changing the final price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1400 करोड़ / ₹1400 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) crore. Keep the sign of NIT correct when changing the final price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) करोड़। परीक्षा में final price basis बदलते समय NIT का sign सही रखें।
From NNPFC to GDPMP, convert national to domestic, net to gross and FC to MP. Change signs in reverse movement in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT जोड़ें / Subtract NFIA, add depreciation, add NIT. From NNPFC to GDPMP, convert national to domestic, net to gross and FC to MP. Change signs in reverse movement in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC से GDPMP के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में reverse movement में signs बदलें।
\(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) crore. From NNPFC to GDPMP, NFIA is subtracted and depreciation and NIT are added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1930 करोड़ / ₹1930 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) crore. From NNPFC to GDPMP, NFIA is subtracted and depreciation and NIT are added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GDPMP तक NFIA घटता और depreciation, NIT जुड़ते हैं।
A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध factor income/Net factor income earned by normal residents
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and relates to factor income of normal residents. Keep the difference between territorial output and resident income clear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध factor income / Net factor income earned by normal residents. \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and relates to factor income of normal residents. Keep the difference between territorial output and resident income clear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) national income है और normal residents की factor income से संबंधित है। परीक्षा में territorial output और resident income में अंतर रखें।
A. Domestic product से national product/Domestic product to national product
Step 1
Concept
Factor income paid to foreigners affects NFIA. In exams separate domestic territory income from residents' income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic product से national product / Domestic product to national product. Factor income paid to foreigners affects NFIA. In exams separate domestic territory income from residents' income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को गई factor income NFIA को प्रभावित करती है। परीक्षा में domestic territory की income और residents की income अलग करें।
A. विदेश को दी गई factor income विदेश से प्राप्त income से अधिक है/Factor income paid abroad is greater than income received from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher. In exams understand the sign of NFIA through foreign income flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश को दी गई factor income विदेश से प्राप्त income से अधिक है / Factor income paid abroad is greater than income received from abroad. Negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher. In exams understand the sign of NFIA through foreign income flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA negative होने का अर्थ paid abroad income ज्यादा है। परीक्षा में NFIA का sign foreign income flows से समझें।
A. Non-factor income शामिल हो जाएगी/Non-factor income will be included
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not received for factor service. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) only with factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Non-factor income शामिल हो जाएगी / Non-factor income will be included. Transfer payments are not received for factor service. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) only with factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments factor service के बदले नहीं मिलते। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को केवल factor income से जोड़ें।
Lottery prize is a transfer receipt, not factor income. In exams treat only rewards for productive services as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लॉटरी पुरस्कार / Lottery prize. Lottery prize is a transfer receipt, not factor income. In exams treat only rewards for productive services as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में productive service के reward को ही factor income मानें।
A. यह चालू वर्ष की productive service है/It is a productive service of the current year
Step 1
Concept
The value of old shares is not current output, but broker service is current production. In exams separate asset transfer from service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह चालू वर्ष की productive service है / It is a productive service of the current year. The value of old shares is not current output, but broker service is current production. In exams separate asset transfer from service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने shares का मूल्य current output नहीं है, पर broker service current production है। परीक्षा में asset transfer और service output अलग करें।
A. नए computer की अंतिम बिक्री/Final sale of a new computer
Step 1
Concept
Sale of a new final good is current production. Separately adding an intermediate component causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नए computer की अंतिम बिक्री / Final sale of a new computer. Sale of a new final good is current production. Separately adding an intermediate component causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई final good की sale current production है। परीक्षा में intermediate component को अलग से जोड़ने से double counting होगी।
A. उनका मूल्य final goods में already embodied होता है/Their value is already embodied in final goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final output. Use value added or final product approach to avoid double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उनका मूल्य final goods में already embodied होता है / Their value is already embodied in final goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final output. Use value added or final product approach to avoid double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final output में शामिल रहता है। परीक्षा में value added या final product approach से double counting रोकें।
Under final product approach only the final value of bread, ₹50, is taken. Adding flour separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹50. Under final product approach only the final value of bread, ₹50, is taken. Adding flour separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final product approach में केवल bread का अंतिम मूल्य ₹50 लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में flour को अलग जोड़ना double counting करेगा।
Value added (=50-20=30). In exams final product and value added approaches may look different but both avoid double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹30. Value added (=50-20=30). In exams final product and value added approaches may look different but both avoid double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added (=50-20=30) है। परीक्षा में final product और value added approach अलग दिख सकते हैं पर double counting रोकते हैं।
Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods, so adding them separately is double counting. Remember the final goods only rule.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Double counting. Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods, so adding them separately is double counting. Remember the final goods only rule.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods final goods के value में शामिल होते हैं, इसलिए अलग जोड़ना double counting है। परीक्षा में final goods only rule याद रखें।
A. पुरानी किताब की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य/Full resale value of an old book
Step 1
Concept
Full resale value of an old book is not current production. In exams separate current year output from old asset transfer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी किताब की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य / Full resale value of an old book. Full resale value of an old book is not current production. In exams separate current year output from old asset transfer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी किताब का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में current year output को पुराने asset transfer से अलग करें।
A. Market valuation और recording कठिन होगी/Market valuation and recording will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Reliable market value and record of unpaid services are difficult to determine. Include paid productive services and generally exclude unpaid personal services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Market valuation और recording कठिन होगी / Market valuation and recording will be difficult. Reliable market value and record of unpaid services are difficult to determine. Include paid productive services and generally exclude unpaid personal services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid services का reliable market value और record तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include और unpaid personal services को सामान्यतः exclude करें।
A. पुरानी property की sale पर agent commission/Agent commission on sale of old property
Step 1
Concept
Full value of old property is not current production, but agent commission is current service. Separate old asset and service charge in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी property की sale पर agent commission / Agent commission on sale of old property. Full value of old property is not current production, but agent commission is current service. Separate old asset and service charge in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old property का full value current production नहीं है, पर agent commission current service है। परीक्षा में old asset और service charge अलग करें।
A. विश्वसनीय data और legal reporting की कमी/Lack of reliable data and legal reporting
Step 1
Concept
Reliable records of illegal activities are not available. In exams understand data limitations of national income accounting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विश्वसनीय data और legal reporting की कमी / Lack of reliable data and legal reporting. Reliable records of illegal activities are not available. In exams understand data limitations of national income accounting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैध गतिविधियों का reliable record उपलब्ध नहीं होता। परीक्षा में national income accounting की data limitations समझें।
A. Net output capacity में कमी/Fall in net output capacity
Step 1
Concept
Higher depreciation reduces net product. Treat NNP as an indicator of productive capacity left after capital wear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net output capacity में कमी / Fall in net output capacity. Higher depreciation reduces net product. Treat NNP as an indicator of productive capacity left after capital wear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अधिक depreciation से net product कम होता है। परीक्षा में NNP को capital wear के बाद बची productive capacity का संकेत मानें।
NNP is obtained after subtracting depreciation from GNP, so faster depreciation growth can reduce NNP. Compare changes using the formula in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP कम हो सकता है / NNP may fall. NNP is obtained after subtracting depreciation from GNP, so faster depreciation growth can reduce NNP. Compare changes using the formula in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP GNP से depreciation घटाने पर मिलता है, इसलिए तेज depreciation growth NNP घटा सकती है। परीक्षा में changes को formula से compare करें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so if NNPMP is constant, a fall in NIT can raise NNPFC. Infer through MP-FC relation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT घट गया है / NIT has decreased. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so if NNPMP is constant, a fall in NIT can raise NNPFC. Infer through MP-FC relation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), इसलिए NNPMP समान रहते हुए NIT घटने से NNPFC बढ़ सकता है। परीक्षा में MP-FC relation से inference करें।
NNPFC is obtained by subtracting NIT from market price value. In exams equal increases can make the net effect zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह समान रह सकता है / It may remain same. NNPFC is obtained by subtracting NIT from market price value. In exams equal increases can make the net effect zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC market price value से NIT घटाकर मिलता है। परीक्षा में equal increase होने पर net effect zero हो सकता है।
To get NNPMP, depreciation is subtracted from GNPMP. Combine two relations while forming expanded formula in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\). To get NNPMP, depreciation is subtracted from GNPMP. Combine two relations while forming expanded formula in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP पाने के लिए GNPMP से depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में expanded formula बनाते समय दो relations जोड़ें।
National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and NIT is needed to derive it from \(NNP_{MP}\). Identify price basis conversion in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT. National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and NIT is needed to derive it from \(NNP_{MP}\). Identify price basis conversion in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{MP}\) से इसे पाने के लिए NIT चाहिए। परीक्षा में price basis conversion पहचानें।
NIT (=140-40=100), so national income (=1150-100=1050) crore. First calculate NIT from indirect tax and subsidy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1050 करोड़ / ₹1050 crore. NIT (=140-40=100), so national income (=1150-100=1050) crore. First calculate NIT from indirect tax and subsidy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=140-40=100), इसलिए national income (=1150-100=1050) करोड़। परीक्षा में indirect tax और subsidy से NIT पहले निकालें।
NIT (=90-120=-30), so \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) crore. Add NIT when moving from FC to MP, even if it is negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹970 करोड़ / ₹970 crore. NIT (=90-120=-30), so \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) crore. Add NIT when moving from FC to MP, even if it is negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=90-120=-30), इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें, चाहे वह negative हो।
A. \(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\)/From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
From GNPMP to NNPMP, only gross to net conversion is involved, so depreciation is deducted. Do not use NIT when price basis is the same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) / From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{MP}\). From GNPMP to NNPMP, only gross to net conversion is involved, so depreciation is deducted. Do not use NIT when price basis is the same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNPMP से NNPMP में केवल gross से net conversion है, इसलिए depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में same price basis होने पर NIT न लगाएं।
Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) crore. At the same MP basis, the difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹240 करोड़ / ₹240 crore. Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) crore. At the same MP basis, the difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) करोड़। परीक्षा में same MP basis पर GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation होता है।
On the same net and factor cost basis, the difference between NNP and NDP comes only from NFIA. Do not link this equality with price basis in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. On the same net and factor cost basis, the difference between NNP and NDP comes only from NFIA. Do not link this equality with price basis in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Same net और factor cost basis पर NNP और NDP का अंतर केवल NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में equality का reason price basis से नहीं जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), so if NNPFC is greater, NFIA is positive. Derive the sign from the relation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धनात्मक / Positive. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), so if NNPFC is greater, NFIA is positive. Derive the sign from the relation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), इसलिए NNPFC अधिक होने पर NFIA positive है। परीक्षा में relation से sign निकालें।
A. NNP output बताता है, पर welfare को पूरी तरह नहीं मापता/NNP shows output but does not fully measure welfare
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a measure of net output, but distribution and non-market factors may differ. Do not treat income aggregates as perfect welfare indexes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP output बताता है, पर welfare को पूरी तरह नहीं मापता / NNP shows output but does not fully measure welfare. NNP is a measure of net output, but distribution and non-market factors may differ. Do not treat income aggregates as perfect welfare indexes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP net output का measure है, लेकिन distribution और non-market factors अलग रह सकते हैं। परीक्षा में income aggregate को welfare का perfect index न मानें।
A. Welfare पर निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलेगा/No definite conclusion about welfare can be drawn
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net output, not distribution. In welfare questions, treat inequality as a limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Welfare पर निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलेगा / No definite conclusion about welfare can be drawn. NNP shows total net output, not distribution. In welfare questions, treat inequality as a limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP total net output दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में welfare questions में inequality को limitation मानें।
Depreciation is used for gross-net, NFIA for domestic-national and NIT for MP-FC. These three keywords are the backbone of NNP numericals.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation, NFIA, NIT. Depreciation is used for gross-net, NFIA for domestic-national and NIT for MP-FC. These three keywords are the backbone of NNP numericals.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross-net के लिए depreciation, domestic-national के लिए NFIA और MP-FC के लिए NIT उपयोग होता है। परीक्षा में ये तीन keywords NNP numericals की backbone हैं।
NIT (=140-50=90), so \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then apply all adjustments with correct signs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1920 करोड़ / ₹1920 crore. NIT (=140-50=90), so \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then apply all adjustments with correct signs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=140-50=90), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर सभी adjustments सही sign से लगाएं।
The formula remains the same and signs are applied with values. In exams subtracting negative NIT may increase the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). The formula remains the same and signs are applied with values. In exams subtracting negative NIT may increase the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Formula वही रहता है और signs values के साथ apply होते हैं। परीक्षा में negative NIT घटाने पर value बढ़ सकती है।
\(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, so only domestic to national conversion is needed. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना / Add NFIA. \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, so only domestic to national conversion is needed. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, इसलिए केवल domestic से national conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\) याद रखें।
NFIA (=120-170=-50), so national income (=1750-50=1700) crore. Keep the order received minus paid correct.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1700 करोड़ / ₹1700 crore. NFIA (=120-170=-50), so national income (=1750-50=1700) crore. Keep the order received minus paid correct.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA (=120-170=-50), इसलिए national income (=1750-50=1700) करोड़। परीक्षा में received minus paid का order सही रखें।
From NNPMP to GDPFC, convert national to domestic, net to gross and MP to FC. In exams note the sign for each direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT घटाएं / Subtract NFIA, add depreciation, subtract NIT. From NNPMP to GDPFC, convert national to domestic, net to gross and MP to FC. In exams note the sign for each direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP से GDPFC के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और MP से FC conversion होंगे। परीक्षा में हर दिशा का sign अलग ध्यान रखें।
\(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) crore. In reverse conversion NFIA and NIT are subtracted while depreciation is added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1850 करोड़ / ₹1850 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) crore. In reverse conversion NFIA and NIT are subtracted while depreciation is added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में reverse conversion में NFIA और NIT घटते, depreciation जुड़ता है।
GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. In exams identify whether the initial aggregate is domestic or national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA adjustment. GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. In exams identify whether the initial aggregate is domestic or national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में initial aggregate को domestic या national के रूप में पहचानें।
NIT (=250-90=160), so \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1940 करोड़ / ₹1940 crore. NIT (=250-90=160), so \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=250-90=160), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT घटाएं।
NIT is added when moving from FC to MP. Remember \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT जोड़ा जाएगा / NIT will be added. NIT is added when moving from FC to MP. Remember \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
FC से MP जाने पर NIT जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\) याद रखें।
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is applied. Add NFIA and subtract NIT in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\). \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is applied. Add NFIA and subtract NIT in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) already net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में NFIA जोड़ें और NIT घटाएं।
NIT (=120-50=70), so \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) crore. Since it is a net aggregate, do not apply depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1350 करोड़ / ₹1350 crore. NIT (=120-50=70), so \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) crore. Since it is a net aggregate, do not apply depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=120-50=70), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation न लगाएं।
A. Depreciation जोड़ें और NIT जोड़ें/Add depreciation and add NIT
Step 1
Concept
From NNPFC to GNPMP, net to gross and FC to MP conversions are made. National basis is already same, so NFIA is not used.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation जोड़ें और NIT जोड़ें / Add depreciation and add NIT. From NNPFC to GNPMP, net to gross and FC to MP conversions are made. National basis is already same, so NFIA is not used.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC से GNPMP में net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में national basis पहले से same है इसलिए NFIA नहीं लगेगा।
\(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) crore. Add both depreciation and NIT when moving from NNPFC to GNPMP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1450 करोड़ / ₹1450 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) crore. Add both depreciation and NIT when moving from NNPFC to GNPMP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GNPMP जाते समय depreciation और NIT दोनों जोड़ें।
A. बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार/Gift received without service
Step 1
Concept
A gift received without service is a transfer receipt, not factor income. Include only rewards for factor services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार / Gift received without service. A gift received without service is a transfer receipt, not factor income. Include only rewards for factor services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में factor service के reward को ही include करें।
A. Transfer payment को wrongly include करना/Wrongly including transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Pension is generally a transfer payment because no current service is received in return. Identify current factor service rewards separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transfer payment को wrongly include करना / Wrongly including transfer payment. Pension is generally a transfer payment because no current service is received in return. Identify current factor service rewards separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pension सामान्यतः transfer payment है क्योंकि इसके बदले current service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में current factor service reward को अलग पहचानें।
A. नई मशीन के निर्माण का मूल्य/Value of a newly produced machine
Step 1
Concept
A newly produced machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included. Separate old asset transfers from current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई मशीन के निर्माण का मूल्य / Value of a newly produced machine. A newly produced machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included. Separate old asset transfers from current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन current year final capital good है इसलिए शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में old asset transfer को current production से अलग रखें।
A. केवल ₹15 करोड़ agent fee/Only ₹15 crore agent fee
Step 1
Concept
The full value of an old machine is not current output, but agent fee is current service. Include service charge separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल ₹15 करोड़ agent fee / Only ₹15 crore agent fee. The full value of an old machine is not current output, but agent fee is current service. Include service charge separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old machine का full value current output नहीं, पर agent fee current service है। परीक्षा में service charge को अलग से include करें।
A. उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है/Its imputed market value can be assigned
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included using imputed value. Distinguish own household services from own produced goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है / Its imputed market value can be assigned. Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included using imputed value. Distinguish own household services from own produced goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output marketable production है, इसलिए imputed value से include किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में own household services और own produced goods में अंतर रखें।
A. Grain marketable output है, household service का valuation कठिन है/Grain is marketable output while household service valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market value can be assigned to self-consumed grain, but reliable valuation of unpaid household service is difficult. Understand imputed output logic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Grain marketable output है, household service का valuation कठिन है / Grain is marketable output while household service valuation is difficult. Market value can be assigned to self-consumed grain, but reliable valuation of unpaid household service is difficult. Understand imputed output logic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed grain का market value लगाया जा सकता है, लेकिन unpaid household service का reliable valuation कठिन है। परीक्षा में imputed output की logic समझें।
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so overestimation will be ₹350. In exams double counting may equal intermediate value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹350. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so overestimation will be ₹350. In exams double counting may equal intermediate value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final goods में included है, इसलिए overestimation ₹350 होगी। परीक्षा में double counting amount intermediate value के बराबर हो सकता है।
Firm A's value added is ₹100 and firm B's is ₹80, total ₹180. In exams final output value and total value added can be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹180. Firm A's value added is ₹100 and firm B's is ₹80, total ₹180. In exams final output value and total value added can be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Firm A का value added ₹100 और firm B का ₹80 है, कुल ₹180 होगा। परीक्षा में final output value और total value added बराबर हो सकते हैं।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), so equal increases can have zero net effect. In change-based questions, compare differences.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह समान रह सकता है / It may remain unchanged. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), so equal increases can have zero net effect. In change-based questions, compare differences.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal increase का net effect zero हो सकता है। परीक्षा में change-based questions में difference देखें।
A. विदेश को net factor payment/Net factor payment to abroad
Step 1
Concept
Lower NNPFC means NFIA is negative, meaning net factor payment abroad is higher. Link national-domestic gap with external factor income flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश को net factor payment / Net factor payment to abroad. Lower NNPFC means NFIA is negative, meaning net factor payment abroad is higher. Link national-domestic gap with external factor income flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC कम होने का मतलब NFIA negative है, यानी विदेश को net factor payment अधिक है। परीक्षा में national-domestic gap को external factor income flow से जोड़ें।
A. ₹-80 करोड़, विदेश को net payment/₹-80 crore, net payment abroad
Step 1
Concept
NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) crore. In exams negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹-80 करोड़, विदेश को net payment / ₹-80 crore, net payment abroad. NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) crore. In exams negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) करोड़ है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA का अर्थ paid abroad अधिक है।
MP to FC conversion is done through NIT, not NFIA. Do not mix price basis and residence basis in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. MP to FC - NFIA घटाना / MP to FC - subtract NFIA. MP to FC conversion is done through NIT, not NFIA. Do not mix price basis and residence basis in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MP to FC conversion NIT से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में price basis और residence basis को mix न करें।
A. क्योंकि दोनों market price पर हैं/Because both are at market price
Step 1
Concept
Both \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{MP}\) are on MP basis, so price basis conversion is not needed. Avoid NIT on the same price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि दोनों market price पर हैं / Because both are at market price. Both \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{MP}\) are on MP basis, so price basis conversion is not needed. Avoid NIT on the same price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{MP}\) दोनों MP basis पर हैं, इसलिए price basis conversion नहीं चाहिए। परीक्षा में same price basis पर NIT avoid करें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) crore. Once GNPMP is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1520 करोड़ / ₹1520 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) crore. Once GNPMP is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP मिल जाने पर NFIA अलग से न जोड़ें।
NNPMP is GNPMP minus depreciation, so a larger fall in depreciation can raise net value. Compare changes in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ सकता है / \(NNP_{MP}\) may rise. NNPMP is GNPMP minus depreciation, so a larger fall in depreciation can raise net value. Compare changes in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP GNPMP minus depreciation है, इसलिए depreciation में बड़ी कमी net value बढ़ा सकती है। परीक्षा में change comparison करें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), so equal changes can cancel out. Check the combined effect in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समान रह सकता है / It may remain unchanged. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), so equal changes can cancel out. Check the combined effect in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal changes cancel हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में combined effect देखें।
Per capita national income equals \(NNP_{FC}/Population\). In exams distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घट सकती है / It may fall. Per capita national income equals \(NNP_{FC}/Population\). In exams distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita national income \(=NNP_{FC}/Population\) होता है। परीक्षा में total और per capita measures को अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह income distribution और non-market factors नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not show income distribution and non-market factors
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output but not all aspects of welfare. In welfare questions, always check limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह income distribution और non-market factors नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not show income distribution and non-market factors. NNP shows net output but not all aspects of welfare. In welfare questions, always check limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP net output बताता है पर welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में welfare questions में limitations जरूर देखें।
A. NNP growth welfare growth की guarantee नहीं है/NNP growth does not guarantee welfare growth
Step 1
Concept
Negative externalities like pollution may not be fully reflected in NNP. Assess welfare and output separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP growth welfare growth की guarantee नहीं है / NNP growth does not guarantee welfare growth. Negative externalities like pollution may not be fully reflected in NNP. Assess welfare and output separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pollution जैसी negative externalities NNP में पूरी तरह reflect नहीं हो सकतीं। परीक्षा में welfare और output को अलग-अलग assess करें।
A. Average output अधिक हो सकता है पर welfare समान रूप से नहीं बंटा/Average output may be high but welfare is not evenly distributed
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC shows aggregate income, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Average output अधिक हो सकता है पर welfare समान रूप से नहीं बंटा / Average output may be high but welfare is not evenly distributed. NNPFC shows aggregate income, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC aggregate income दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में inequality को welfare limitation मानें।
A. अंतिम consumer good का मूल्य/Value of final consumer good
Step 1
Concept
The value of final consumer good is current final output. Avoid adding intermediate goods separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम consumer good का मूल्य / Value of final consumer good. The value of final consumer good is current final output. Avoid adding intermediate goods separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final consumer good का मूल्य current final output है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग से जोड़ने से बचें।
A. Scholarship transfer है, wage factor payment है/Scholarship is transfer, wage is factor payment
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received for scholarship, while wage is a reward for service. Check the presence of return service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Scholarship transfer है, wage factor payment है / Scholarship is transfer, wage is factor payment. No current productive service is received for scholarship, while wage is a reward for service. Check the presence of return service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती, wage service का reward है। परीक्षा में return service की उपस्थिति देखें।
Brokerage is payment for current financial service, while value of old shares is not current output. Identify service income separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current service output. Brokerage is payment for current financial service, while value of old shares is not current output. Identify service income separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Brokerage current financial service का payment है, जबकि old shares का value current output नहीं है। परीक्षा में service income को अलग पहचानें।
A. Subsidies adjust करके net indirect taxes घटाए जाते हैं/After adjusting subsidies, net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
In MP to FC conversion NIT is subtracted, not just gross indirect taxes. Always adjust subsidies in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies adjust करके net indirect taxes घटाए जाते हैं / After adjusting subsidies, net indirect taxes are subtracted. In MP to FC conversion NIT is subtracted, not just gross indirect taxes. Always adjust subsidies in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MP से FC conversion में NIT घटता है, केवल gross indirect taxes नहीं। परीक्षा में subsidies adjustment जरूर करें।
A positive difference between GNP and GDP shows positive NFIA. If national product exceeds domestic product, treat it as net factor receipt from abroad.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA positive है / NFIA is positive. A positive difference between GNP and GDP shows positive NFIA. If national product exceeds domestic product, treat it as net factor receipt from abroad.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP का positive difference NFIA positive दिखाता है। परीक्षा में national product domestic से अधिक हो तो abroad से net factor receipt समझें।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) crore. Once GNPFC is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1480 करोड़ / ₹1480 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) crore. Once GNPFC is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPFC मिलते ही NFIA अलग से नहीं जोड़ें।
A. जब starting aggregate \(NDP_{MP}\) हो/When starting aggregate is \(NDP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
NDP is already net domestic product, so depreciation has already been deducted. In D to N conversion, check only NFIA and price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब starting aggregate \(NDP_{MP}\) हो / When starting aggregate is \(NDP_{MP}\). NDP is already net domestic product, so depreciation has already been deducted. In D to N conversion, check only NFIA and price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP already net domestic product है, इसलिए depreciation पहले से घटा होता है। परीक्षा में D से N conversion में केवल NFIA और price basis देखें।
A. Starting aggregate का basis: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC/Basis of starting aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC
Step 1
Concept
Identifying the three bases of the starting aggregate decides the correct adjustment. Applying formula without basis identification causes sign errors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Starting aggregate का basis: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC / Basis of starting aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC. Identifying the three bases of the starting aggregate decides the correct adjustment. Applying formula without basis identification causes sign errors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Starting aggregate की तीन bases पहचानने से सही adjustment तय होता है। परीक्षा में बिना basis पहचाने formula लगाने से sign error होता है।
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA while moving from national to domestic increases the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1550 करोड़ / ₹1550 crore. (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA while moving from national to domestic increases the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic जाते समय negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है।
