To get \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\), apply domestic to national, gross to net and MP to FC adjustments. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें, मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, NIT घटाएं / Add NFIA, subtract depreciation, subtract NIT. To get \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\), apply domestic to national, gross to net and MP to FC adjustments. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए domestic से national, gross से net और MP से FC तीनों adjustment होते हैं। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) याद रखें।
A. \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक होगा/\(NNP_{FC}\) will be greater than \(NNP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) increases. In exams subtracting negative NIT means adding it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक होगा / \(NNP_{FC}\) will be greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) increases. In exams subtracting negative NIT means adding it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT ऋणात्मक होता है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) में value बढ़ती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT को घटाने का अर्थ जोड़ना समझें।
A. जब अप्रत्यक्ष कर और subsidies मौजूद हों/When indirect taxes and subsidies exist
Step 1
Concept
The difference between market price and factor cost is due to net indirect taxes. In exams depreciation is for gross-net and NFIA is for domestic-national conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब अप्रत्यक्ष कर और subsidies मौजूद हों / When indirect taxes and subsidies exist. The difference between market price and factor cost is due to net indirect taxes. In exams depreciation is for gross-net and NFIA is for domestic-national conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price और factor cost का अंतर net indirect taxes से बनता है। परीक्षा में depreciation gross-net और NFIA domestic-national conversion से जुड़ा है।
NIT (=90-30=60), so \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then convert.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1340 करोड़ / ₹1340 crore. NIT (=90-30=60), so \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then convert.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=90-30=60), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर conversion करें।
National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). In exams do not forget to convert market price into factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT घटाना होगा / NIT must be subtracted. National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). In exams do not forget to convert market price into factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। परीक्षा में market price को factor cost में बदलना न भूलें।
A. यह सामान्य निवासियों की factor income का शुद्ध योग है/It is the net sum of factor income of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and is linked with factor incomes. In exams do not treat transfer payments as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह सामान्य निवासियों की factor income का शुद्ध योग है / It is the net sum of factor income of normal residents. \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and is linked with factor incomes. In exams do not treat transfer payments as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) राष्ट्रीय आय है और factor incomes से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में transfer payments को factor income न मानें।
\(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) crore. Since FC is already given, no NIT adjustment is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1750 करोड़ / ₹1750 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) crore. Since FC is already given, no NIT adjustment is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC already है इसलिए NIT adjustment नहीं चाहिए।
A. केवल मूल्यह्रास घटाना/Only subtract depreciation
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost, so only gross to net conversion is needed. Avoid unnecessary adjustments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल मूल्यह्रास घटाना / Only subtract depreciation. \(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost, so only gross to net conversion is needed. Avoid unnecessary adjustments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) पहले से national और factor cost पर है इसलिए केवल gross से net conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में unnecessary adjustment से बचें।
Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation and (1300-1180=120) crore. In exams understand the gross-net difference as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹120 करोड़ / ₹120 crore. Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation and (1300-1180=120) crore. In exams understand the gross-net difference as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Consumption of fixed capital depreciation ही है और (1300-1180=120) करोड़। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation समझें।
National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), so if domestic is greater, NFIA is negative. In exams link the relation with the sign.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA ऋणात्मक है / NFIA is negative. National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), so if domestic is greater, NFIA is negative. In exams link the relation with the sign.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), इसलिए domestic अधिक होने पर NFIA negative होता है। परीक्षा में relation को sign से जोड़ें।
The difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price level, national-domestic equality means NFIA is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. The difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price level, national-domestic equality means NFIA is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP के बीच अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price level पर national-domestic equality का मतलब NFIA zero समझें।
NIT (=150-60=90), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) crore. Treat National Income as \(NNP_{FC}\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1110 करोड़ / ₹1110 crore. NIT (=150-60=90), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) crore. Treat National Income as \(NNP_{FC}\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=150-60=90), इसलिए राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) करोड़। परीक्षा में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) मानें।
Moving from NNP to GNP is net to gross conversion, so depreciation is added. In exams signs change in reverse formulas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ना / Add depreciation. Moving from NNP to GNP is net to gross conversion, so depreciation is added. In exams signs change in reverse formulas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP से GNP जाने के लिए net से gross conversion होता है और depreciation जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में reverse formula में signs बदलते हैं।
\(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) crore. Add depreciation to get gross value from net value in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹1540 करोड़ / ₹1540 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) crore. Add depreciation to get gross value from net value in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value से gross value पाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें।
First \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) crore. Since it is already net, do not adjust depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1030 करोड़ / ₹1030 crore. First \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) crore. Since it is already net, do not adjust depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value होने से depreciation adjustment नहीं करें।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली वास्तविक factor income दिखाता है/Because it shows actual factor income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Measurement at factor cost represents factor payments. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) with final national income under income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली वास्तविक factor income दिखाता है / Because it shows actual factor income received by factors of production. Measurement at factor cost represents factor payments. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) with final national income under income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost पर माप factor payments को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को income method के final national income से जोड़ें।
Net to gross conversion is done through depreciation, not NFIA. In exams remember a separate keyword for each conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. Net to Gross - NFIA. Net to gross conversion is done through depreciation, not NFIA. In exams remember a separate keyword for each conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net to gross conversion depreciation से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में हर conversion का अलग keyword याद रखें।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) crore. Apply all adjustments with correct signs in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹2100 करोड़ / ₹2100 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) crore. Apply all adjustments with correct signs in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) करोड़। परीक्षा में सभी adjustments को सही sign से लगाएं।
The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams link the domestic-national product difference with net factor income from abroad.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA (=+60) करोड़ / NFIA (=+60) crore. The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams link the domestic-national product difference with net factor income from abroad.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP का अंतर NFIA होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national product का difference विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय से जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) crore. Once \(GNP_{MP}\) is given, subtract depreciation to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1450 करोड़ / ₹1450 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) crore. Once \(GNP_{MP}\) is given, subtract depreciation to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(GNP_{MP}\) मिलते ही depreciation घटाकर \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालें।
NFIA is income received from abroad minus income paid abroad. If paid income is higher, NFIA will be negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ऋणात्मक / Negative. NFIA is income received from abroad minus income paid abroad. If paid income is higher, NFIA will be negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA abroad से प्राप्त income minus abroad को paid income है। यदि paid income अधिक है तो NFIA negative होगा।
A. क्योंकि यह capital wear and tear को घटाता है/Because it deducts capital wear and tear
Step 1
Concept
NNP deducts depreciation and shows the economy's net productive capacity. In exams treat GNP as gross and NNP as net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह capital wear and tear को घटाता है / Because it deducts capital wear and tear. NNP deducts depreciation and shows the economy's net productive capacity. In exams treat GNP as gross and NNP as net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP depreciation घटाकर economy की net productive capacity दिखाता है। परीक्षा में GNP को gross और NNP को net measure समझें।
A. जब question national income at factor cost पूछता है/When the question asks national income at factor cost
Step 1
Concept
The standard aggregate for national income at factor cost is \(NNP_{FC}\). In exams identify the concept even if wording changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब question national income at factor cost पूछता है / When the question asks national income at factor cost. The standard aggregate for national income at factor cost is \(NNP_{FC}\). In exams identify the concept even if wording changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income at factor cost का standard aggregate \(NNP_{FC}\) है। परीक्षा में शब्द बदलने पर भी concept पहचानें।
NFIA is subtracted in reverse conversion. In exams pay attention to signs while rearranging formulas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA\). NFIA is subtracted in reverse conversion. In exams pay attention to signs while rearranging formulas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Reverse conversion में NFIA घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में formula rearrangement करते समय signs पर ध्यान दें।
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA increases the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹1280 करोड़ / ₹1280 crore. (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA increases the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है।
A. NFIA घटाएं और NIT घटाएं/Subtract NFIA and subtract NIT
Step 1
Concept
For national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted and for MP to FC, NIT is subtracted. Apply both conversions separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं और NIT घटाएं / Subtract NFIA and subtract NIT. For national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted and for MP to FC, NIT is subtracted. Apply both conversions separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National से domestic के लिए NFIA घटता है और MP से FC के लिए NIT घटता है। परीक्षा में दोनों conversions को अलग-अलग लागू करें।
\(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) crore. In exams subtract for both national to domestic and MP to FC conversions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹890 करोड़ / ₹890 crore. \(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) crore. In exams subtract for both national to domestic and MP to FC conversions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic और MP से FC दोनों में subtraction करें।
A. पुरानी कार की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य/Full resale value of an old car
Step 1
Concept
The full resale value of an old car is not current production. In exams commission on second-hand goods can be treated as current service separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी कार की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य / Full resale value of an old car. The full resale value of an old car is not current production. In exams commission on second-hand goods can be treated as current service separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods के commission को अलग से current service माना जा सकता है।
A. केवल ₹10 करोड़ commission/Only ₹10 crore commission
Step 1
Concept
The full value of the old machine is not current output but commission is a current service. In exams separate transaction value from service income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल ₹10 करोड़ commission / Only ₹10 crore commission. The full value of the old machine is not current output but commission is a current service. In exams separate transaction value from service income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन का पूरा मूल्य current output नहीं है पर commission वर्तमान सेवा है। परीक्षा में transaction value और service income को अलग करें।
A. Transfer payments को factor income मानने की गलती/Error of treating transfer payments as factor income
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments do not involve current productive service in return. Do not include them in national income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transfer payments को factor income मानने की गलती / Error of treating transfer payments as factor income. Transfer payments do not involve current productive service in return. Do not include them in national income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में इन्हें national income में include न करें।
A. इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है/Its reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of own-account household services can be difficult and inconsistent. In exams distinguish market and non-market services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है / Its reliable market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of own-account household services can be difficult and inconsistent. In exams distinguish market and non-market services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Own-account household services का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन और असंगत हो सकता है। परीक्षा में market और non-market services में अंतर करें।
A. Doctor की paid consultation service/Doctor's paid consultation service
Step 1
Concept
Doctor's paid consultation is a current productive service. In exams distinguish productive service from transfer receipt.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Doctor की paid consultation service / Doctor's paid consultation service. Doctor's paid consultation is a current productive service. In exams distinguish productive service from transfer receipt.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Doctor की paid consultation current productive service है। परीक्षा में productive service और transfer receipt को अलग करें।
Wages, rent, interest and profit are factor incomes, so this is income method logic. Treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as a factor income aggregate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Income method logic. Wages, rent, interest and profit are factor incomes, so this is income method logic. Treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as a factor income aggregate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Wages, rent, interest और profit factor incomes हैं इसलिए यह income method logic है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को factor income aggregate मानें।
Old age pension is a transfer payment, not a reward for factor service. In exams keep factor payments and transfers separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Old age pension. Old age pension is a transfer payment, not a reward for factor service. In exams keep factor payments and transfers separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old age pension transfer payment है, factor service का reward नहीं। परीक्षा में factor payments और transfers को अलग रखें।
A. जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों/When subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}\) becomes greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). Understand the negative NIT case in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हों / When subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}\) becomes greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). Understand the negative NIT case in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT negative होता है और \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative NIT की स्थिति समझें।
NIT (=80-110=-30), so (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) crore. When subsidy is higher, factor cost value can rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹730 करोड़ / ₹730 crore. NIT (=80-110=-30), so (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) crore. When subsidy is higher, factor cost value can rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=80-110=-30), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) करोड़। परीक्षा में subsidy अधिक होने पर factor cost value बढ़ सकती है।
The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams equality at the same price level means NFIA is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams equality at the same price level means NFIA is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP में अंतर NFIA का होता है। परीक्षा में equality का अर्थ same price level पर NFIA zero समझें।
When \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\). Use equality as a shortcut in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{MP}-70\). When \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\). Use equality as a shortcut in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), तब \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\) होगा। परीक्षा में equality को shortcut की तरह लें।
A. \(NDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\)/From \(NDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, only NFIA is added. Do not apply depreciation when moving from D to N in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) / From \(NDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\). \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, only NFIA is added. Do not apply depreciation when moving from D to N in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, केवल NFIA जोड़ना होता है। परीक्षा में D से N जाने में depreciation न लगाएं।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) crore. Since \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, no depreciation deduction is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹740 करोड़ / ₹740 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) crore. Since \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, no depreciation deduction is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(NDP_{MP}\) से net होने के कारण depreciation घटाने की जरूरत नहीं है।
A. उद्यमिता को मिला प्रतिफल/Reward received by entrepreneurship
Step 1
Concept
Profit is the reward of the entrepreneurial factor, so it is factor income. In exams distinguish profit from transfer receipts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उद्यमिता को मिला प्रतिफल / Reward received by entrepreneurship. Profit is the reward of the entrepreneurial factor, so it is factor income. In exams distinguish profit from transfer receipts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Profit उद्यमी factor का reward है इसलिए factor income में आता है। परीक्षा में profit को transfer receipt से अलग पहचानें।
A. दोनों समान concept हैं/Both are the same concept
Step 1
Concept
In Class 12 macroeconomics, National Income is called \(NNP_{FC}\). Avoid terminology traps in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों समान concept हैं / Both are the same concept. In Class 12 macroeconomics, National Income is called \(NNP_{FC}\). Avoid terminology traps in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Class 12 macroeconomics में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में terminology trap से बचें।
A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का अलग मूल्य/Separate value of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so adding it separately causes double counting. Remember the final output approach in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का अलग मूल्य / Separate value of intermediate goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so adding it separately causes double counting. Remember the final output approach in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final goods में शामिल होता है इसलिए अलग से जोड़ना double counting करेगा। परीक्षा में final output approach याद रखें।
A. NIT (=80) करोड़ और indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं/NIT (=80) crore and indirect taxes are greater than subsidies
Step 1
Concept
NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) crore. Positive NIT means indirect taxes are greater than subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT (=80) करोड़ और indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं / NIT (=80) crore and indirect taxes are greater than subsidies. NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) crore. Positive NIT means indirect taxes are greater than subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) करोड़ है। Positive NIT का अर्थ indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं।
A. क्योंकि GNP पहले से national aggregate है/Because GNP is already a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
GNP is already a national concept, so domestic to national conversion is not needed. Identify the initial form of aggregate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GNP पहले से national aggregate है / Because GNP is already a national aggregate. GNP is already a national concept, so domestic to national conversion is not needed. Identify the initial form of aggregate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP already national concept है, इसलिए domestic से national conversion की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के initial form को पहचानें।
NIT (=180-80=100), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract both depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1850 करोड़ / ₹1850 crore. NIT (=180-80=100), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract both depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=180-80=100), इसलिए national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT दोनों घटाएं।
