The formula remains the same and signs are applied with values. In exams subtracting negative NIT may increase the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). The formula remains the same and signs are applied with values. In exams subtracting negative NIT may increase the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Formula वही रहता है और signs values के साथ apply होते हैं। परीक्षा में negative NIT घटाने पर value बढ़ सकती है।
\(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, so only domestic to national conversion is needed. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना / Add NFIA. \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, so only domestic to national conversion is needed. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, इसलिए केवल domestic से national conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\) याद रखें।
NFIA (=120-170=-50), so national income (=1750-50=1700) crore. Keep the order received minus paid correct.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1700 करोड़ / ₹1700 crore. NFIA (=120-170=-50), so national income (=1750-50=1700) crore. Keep the order received minus paid correct.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA (=120-170=-50), इसलिए national income (=1750-50=1700) करोड़। परीक्षा में received minus paid का order सही रखें।
From NNPMP to GDPFC, convert national to domestic, net to gross and MP to FC. In exams note the sign for each direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT घटाएं / Subtract NFIA, add depreciation, subtract NIT. From NNPMP to GDPFC, convert national to domestic, net to gross and MP to FC. In exams note the sign for each direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP से GDPFC के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और MP से FC conversion होंगे। परीक्षा में हर दिशा का sign अलग ध्यान रखें।
\(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) crore. In reverse conversion NFIA and NIT are subtracted while depreciation is added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1850 करोड़ / ₹1850 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) crore. In reverse conversion NFIA and NIT are subtracted while depreciation is added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में reverse conversion में NFIA और NIT घटते, depreciation जुड़ता है।
GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. In exams identify whether the initial aggregate is domestic or national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA adjustment. GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. In exams identify whether the initial aggregate is domestic or national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में initial aggregate को domestic या national के रूप में पहचानें।
NIT (=250-90=160), so \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1940 करोड़ / ₹1940 crore. NIT (=250-90=160), so \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=250-90=160), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT घटाएं।
NIT is added when moving from FC to MP. Remember \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT जोड़ा जाएगा / NIT will be added. NIT is added when moving from FC to MP. Remember \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
FC से MP जाने पर NIT जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\) याद रखें।
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is applied. Add NFIA and subtract NIT in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\). \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is applied. Add NFIA and subtract NIT in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) already net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में NFIA जोड़ें और NIT घटाएं।
NIT (=120-50=70), so \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) crore. Since it is a net aggregate, do not apply depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1350 करोड़ / ₹1350 crore. NIT (=120-50=70), so \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) crore. Since it is a net aggregate, do not apply depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=120-50=70), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation न लगाएं।
A. Depreciation जोड़ें और NIT जोड़ें/Add depreciation and add NIT
Step 1
Concept
From NNPFC to GNPMP, net to gross and FC to MP conversions are made. National basis is already same, so NFIA is not used.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation जोड़ें और NIT जोड़ें / Add depreciation and add NIT. From NNPFC to GNPMP, net to gross and FC to MP conversions are made. National basis is already same, so NFIA is not used.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC से GNPMP में net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में national basis पहले से same है इसलिए NFIA नहीं लगेगा।
\(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) crore. Add both depreciation and NIT when moving from NNPFC to GNPMP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1450 करोड़ / ₹1450 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) crore. Add both depreciation and NIT when moving from NNPFC to GNPMP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GNPMP जाते समय depreciation और NIT दोनों जोड़ें।
A. बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार/Gift received without service
Step 1
Concept
A gift received without service is a transfer receipt, not factor income. Include only rewards for factor services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार / Gift received without service. A gift received without service is a transfer receipt, not factor income. Include only rewards for factor services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में factor service के reward को ही include करें।
A. Transfer payment को wrongly include करना/Wrongly including transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Pension is generally a transfer payment because no current service is received in return. Identify current factor service rewards separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transfer payment को wrongly include करना / Wrongly including transfer payment. Pension is generally a transfer payment because no current service is received in return. Identify current factor service rewards separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pension सामान्यतः transfer payment है क्योंकि इसके बदले current service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में current factor service reward को अलग पहचानें।
A. नई मशीन के निर्माण का मूल्य/Value of a newly produced machine
Step 1
Concept
A newly produced machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included. Separate old asset transfers from current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई मशीन के निर्माण का मूल्य / Value of a newly produced machine. A newly produced machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included. Separate old asset transfers from current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन current year final capital good है इसलिए शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में old asset transfer को current production से अलग रखें।
A. केवल ₹15 करोड़ agent fee/Only ₹15 crore agent fee
Step 1
Concept
The full value of an old machine is not current output, but agent fee is current service. Include service charge separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल ₹15 करोड़ agent fee / Only ₹15 crore agent fee. The full value of an old machine is not current output, but agent fee is current service. Include service charge separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old machine का full value current output नहीं, पर agent fee current service है। परीक्षा में service charge को अलग से include करें।
A. उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है/Its imputed market value can be assigned
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included using imputed value. Distinguish own household services from own produced goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है / Its imputed market value can be assigned. Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included using imputed value. Distinguish own household services from own produced goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output marketable production है, इसलिए imputed value से include किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में own household services और own produced goods में अंतर रखें।
A. Grain marketable output है, household service का valuation कठिन है/Grain is marketable output while household service valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market value can be assigned to self-consumed grain, but reliable valuation of unpaid household service is difficult. Understand imputed output logic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Grain marketable output है, household service का valuation कठिन है / Grain is marketable output while household service valuation is difficult. Market value can be assigned to self-consumed grain, but reliable valuation of unpaid household service is difficult. Understand imputed output logic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed grain का market value लगाया जा सकता है, लेकिन unpaid household service का reliable valuation कठिन है। परीक्षा में imputed output की logic समझें।
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so overestimation will be ₹350. In exams double counting may equal intermediate value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹350. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so overestimation will be ₹350. In exams double counting may equal intermediate value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final goods में included है, इसलिए overestimation ₹350 होगी। परीक्षा में double counting amount intermediate value के बराबर हो सकता है।
Firm A's value added is ₹100 and firm B's is ₹80, total ₹180. In exams final output value and total value added can be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹180. Firm A's value added is ₹100 and firm B's is ₹80, total ₹180. In exams final output value and total value added can be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Firm A का value added ₹100 और firm B का ₹80 है, कुल ₹180 होगा। परीक्षा में final output value और total value added बराबर हो सकते हैं।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), so equal increases can have zero net effect. In change-based questions, compare differences.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह समान रह सकता है / It may remain unchanged. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), so equal increases can have zero net effect. In change-based questions, compare differences.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal increase का net effect zero हो सकता है। परीक्षा में change-based questions में difference देखें।
A. विदेश को net factor payment/Net factor payment to abroad
Step 1
Concept
Lower NNPFC means NFIA is negative, meaning net factor payment abroad is higher. Link national-domestic gap with external factor income flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश को net factor payment / Net factor payment to abroad. Lower NNPFC means NFIA is negative, meaning net factor payment abroad is higher. Link national-domestic gap with external factor income flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC कम होने का मतलब NFIA negative है, यानी विदेश को net factor payment अधिक है। परीक्षा में national-domestic gap को external factor income flow से जोड़ें।
A. ₹-80 करोड़, विदेश को net payment/₹-80 crore, net payment abroad
Step 1
Concept
NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) crore. In exams negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹-80 करोड़, विदेश को net payment / ₹-80 crore, net payment abroad. NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) crore. In exams negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) करोड़ है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA का अर्थ paid abroad अधिक है।
MP to FC conversion is done through NIT, not NFIA. Do not mix price basis and residence basis in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. MP to FC - NFIA घटाना / MP to FC - subtract NFIA. MP to FC conversion is done through NIT, not NFIA. Do not mix price basis and residence basis in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MP to FC conversion NIT से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में price basis और residence basis को mix न करें।
A. क्योंकि दोनों market price पर हैं/Because both are at market price
Step 1
Concept
Both \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{MP}\) are on MP basis, so price basis conversion is not needed. Avoid NIT on the same price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि दोनों market price पर हैं / Because both are at market price. Both \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{MP}\) are on MP basis, so price basis conversion is not needed. Avoid NIT on the same price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{MP}\) दोनों MP basis पर हैं, इसलिए price basis conversion नहीं चाहिए। परीक्षा में same price basis पर NIT avoid करें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) crore. Once GNPMP is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1520 करोड़ / ₹1520 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) crore. Once GNPMP is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP मिल जाने पर NFIA अलग से न जोड़ें।
NNPMP is GNPMP minus depreciation, so a larger fall in depreciation can raise net value. Compare changes in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ सकता है / \(NNP_{MP}\) may rise. NNPMP is GNPMP minus depreciation, so a larger fall in depreciation can raise net value. Compare changes in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP GNPMP minus depreciation है, इसलिए depreciation में बड़ी कमी net value बढ़ा सकती है। परीक्षा में change comparison करें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), so equal changes can cancel out. Check the combined effect in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समान रह सकता है / It may remain unchanged. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), so equal changes can cancel out. Check the combined effect in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal changes cancel हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में combined effect देखें।
Per capita national income equals \(NNP_{FC}/Population\). In exams distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घट सकती है / It may fall. Per capita national income equals \(NNP_{FC}/Population\). In exams distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita national income \(=NNP_{FC}/Population\) होता है। परीक्षा में total और per capita measures को अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह income distribution और non-market factors नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not show income distribution and non-market factors
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output but not all aspects of welfare. In welfare questions, always check limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह income distribution और non-market factors नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not show income distribution and non-market factors. NNP shows net output but not all aspects of welfare. In welfare questions, always check limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP net output बताता है पर welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में welfare questions में limitations जरूर देखें।
A. NNP growth welfare growth की guarantee नहीं है/NNP growth does not guarantee welfare growth
Step 1
Concept
Negative externalities like pollution may not be fully reflected in NNP. Assess welfare and output separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP growth welfare growth की guarantee नहीं है / NNP growth does not guarantee welfare growth. Negative externalities like pollution may not be fully reflected in NNP. Assess welfare and output separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pollution जैसी negative externalities NNP में पूरी तरह reflect नहीं हो सकतीं। परीक्षा में welfare और output को अलग-अलग assess करें।
A. Average output अधिक हो सकता है पर welfare समान रूप से नहीं बंटा/Average output may be high but welfare is not evenly distributed
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC shows aggregate income, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Average output अधिक हो सकता है पर welfare समान रूप से नहीं बंटा / Average output may be high but welfare is not evenly distributed. NNPFC shows aggregate income, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC aggregate income दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में inequality को welfare limitation मानें।
A. अंतिम consumer good का मूल्य/Value of final consumer good
Step 1
Concept
The value of final consumer good is current final output. Avoid adding intermediate goods separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम consumer good का मूल्य / Value of final consumer good. The value of final consumer good is current final output. Avoid adding intermediate goods separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final consumer good का मूल्य current final output है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग से जोड़ने से बचें।
A. Scholarship transfer है, wage factor payment है/Scholarship is transfer, wage is factor payment
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received for scholarship, while wage is a reward for service. Check the presence of return service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Scholarship transfer है, wage factor payment है / Scholarship is transfer, wage is factor payment. No current productive service is received for scholarship, while wage is a reward for service. Check the presence of return service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती, wage service का reward है। परीक्षा में return service की उपस्थिति देखें।
Brokerage is payment for current financial service, while value of old shares is not current output. Identify service income separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current service output. Brokerage is payment for current financial service, while value of old shares is not current output. Identify service income separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Brokerage current financial service का payment है, जबकि old shares का value current output नहीं है। परीक्षा में service income को अलग पहचानें।
A. Subsidies adjust करके net indirect taxes घटाए जाते हैं/After adjusting subsidies, net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
In MP to FC conversion NIT is subtracted, not just gross indirect taxes. Always adjust subsidies in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies adjust करके net indirect taxes घटाए जाते हैं / After adjusting subsidies, net indirect taxes are subtracted. In MP to FC conversion NIT is subtracted, not just gross indirect taxes. Always adjust subsidies in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MP से FC conversion में NIT घटता है, केवल gross indirect taxes नहीं। परीक्षा में subsidies adjustment जरूर करें।
A positive difference between GNP and GDP shows positive NFIA. If national product exceeds domestic product, treat it as net factor receipt from abroad.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA positive है / NFIA is positive. A positive difference between GNP and GDP shows positive NFIA. If national product exceeds domestic product, treat it as net factor receipt from abroad.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और GDP का positive difference NFIA positive दिखाता है। परीक्षा में national product domestic से अधिक हो तो abroad से net factor receipt समझें।
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) crore. Once GNPFC is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1480 करोड़ / ₹1480 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) crore. Once GNPFC is given, do not add NFIA separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPFC मिलते ही NFIA अलग से नहीं जोड़ें।
A. जब starting aggregate \(NDP_{MP}\) हो/When starting aggregate is \(NDP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
NDP is already net domestic product, so depreciation has already been deducted. In D to N conversion, check only NFIA and price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब starting aggregate \(NDP_{MP}\) हो / When starting aggregate is \(NDP_{MP}\). NDP is already net domestic product, so depreciation has already been deducted. In D to N conversion, check only NFIA and price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP already net domestic product है, इसलिए depreciation पहले से घटा होता है। परीक्षा में D से N conversion में केवल NFIA और price basis देखें।
A. Starting aggregate का basis: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC/Basis of starting aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC
Step 1
Concept
Identifying the three bases of the starting aggregate decides the correct adjustment. Applying formula without basis identification causes sign errors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Starting aggregate का basis: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC / Basis of starting aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC. Identifying the three bases of the starting aggregate decides the correct adjustment. Applying formula without basis identification causes sign errors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Starting aggregate की तीन bases पहचानने से सही adjustment तय होता है। परीक्षा में बिना basis पहचाने formula लगाने से sign error होता है।
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA while moving from national to domestic increases the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1550 करोड़ / ₹1550 crore. (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA while moving from national to domestic increases the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic जाते समय negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है।
