A. (NFIA) जोड़ें, मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं/Add (NFIA), deduct depreciation and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(GDP_{MP}\) is domestic, gross and at market price. For \(NNP_{FC}\), it must be converted into national, net and factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) जोड़ें, मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं / Add (NFIA), deduct depreciation and deduct (NIT). \(GDP_{MP}\) is domestic, gross and at market price. For \(NNP_{FC}\), it must be converted into national, net and factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) domestic, gross और market price पर होता है। \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए इसे national, net और factor cost बनाना पड़ता है।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हैं/Net indirect taxes are negative
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). If (NIT) is negative, deducting it increases \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ऋणात्मक हैं / Net indirect taxes are negative. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). If (NIT) is negative, deducting it increases \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। (NIT) negative होने पर उसे घटाने से \(NNP_{FC}\) बढ़ जाता है।
\(NFIA=NNP_{FC}-NDP_{FC}=2620-2750=-130\) crore. If national value is less than domestic value, (NFIA) is negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. -130 करोड़ / -130 crore. \(NFIA=NNP_{FC}-NDP_{FC}=2620-2750=-130\) crore. If national value is less than domestic value, (NFIA) is negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NFIA=NNP_{FC}-NDP_{FC}=2620-2750=-130\) करोड़। National value domestic से कम हो तो (NFIA) negative होता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें/Deduct depreciation and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost. Deduct depreciation for NNP and add (NIT) for MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें / Deduct depreciation and add (NIT). \(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost. Deduct depreciation for NNP and add (NIT) for MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) पहले से national और factor cost पर है। NNP के लिए depreciation घटाएं और MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें।
First \(NNP_{FC}=3900-510=3390\), then \(NNP_{MP}=3390-70=3320\) crore. Adding negative (NIT) can reduce the amount.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 3320 करोड़ / 3320 crore. First \(NNP_{FC}=3900-510=3390\), then \(NNP_{MP}=3390-70=3320\) crore. Adding negative (NIT) can reduce the amount.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{FC}=3900-510=3390\), फिर \(NNP_{MP}=3390-70=3320\) करोड़। Negative (NIT) जोड़ने पर राशि घट सकती है।
C. बुढ़ापा पेंशन जैसी हस्तांतरण आय/Transfer income like old-age pension
Step 1
Concept
A transfer payment is not received against current productive service. \(NNP_{FC}\) includes only factor incomes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. बुढ़ापा पेंशन जैसी हस्तांतरण आय / Transfer income like old-age pension. A transfer payment is not received against current productive service. \(NNP_{FC}\) includes only factor incomes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payment वर्तमान उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलता। \(NNP_{FC}\) में केवल factor incomes शामिल की जाती हैं।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं बनाती/Because it does not create current production
Step 1
Concept
Sale of old financial assets does not produce a new good or service. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं बनाती / Because it does not create current production. Sale of old financial assets does not produce a new good or service. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने financial assets की बिक्री से नई वस्तु या सेवा का उत्पादन नहीं होता। NNP में current production का मूल्य गिना जाता है।
First \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT=4700\), then depreciation (=5200-4700=500) crore. Use reverse conversion for missing depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 500 करोड़ / 500 crore. First \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT=4700\), then depreciation (=5200-4700=500) crore. Use reverse conversion for missing depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT=4700\), फिर depreciation (=5200-4700=500) करोड़। Missing depreciation के लिए reverse conversion करें।
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT+NFIA-Depreciation=4040\) crore. Add (NIT) for FC to MP and deduct depreciation for gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4040 करोड़ / 4040 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT+NFIA-Depreciation=4040\) crore. Add (NIT) for FC to MP and deduct depreciation for gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT+NFIA-Depreciation=4040\) करोड़। FC से MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें और gross से net के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
To convert \(GDP_{FC}\) into MP add (NIT), into national add (NFIA), and into net deduct depreciation. Remember the full formula with signs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT+NFIA-Depreciation\). To convert \(GDP_{FC}\) into MP add (NIT), into national add (NFIA), and into net deduct depreciation. Remember the full formula with signs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}\) को MP बनाने के लिए (NIT), national बनाने के लिए (NFIA) और net बनाने के लिए depreciation समायोजित होता है। पूरा सूत्र signs सहित याद रखें।
A. NNP welfare को कम पूर्ण रूप से दिखाता है/NNP shows welfare less completely
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid services generally do not have market valuation. Therefore, NNP is not a complete indicator of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP welfare को कम पूर्ण रूप से दिखाता है / NNP shows welfare less completely. Unpaid services generally do not have market valuation. Therefore, NNP is not a complete indicator of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid services का market valuation सामान्यतः नहीं होता। इसलिए NNP जीवन-कल्याण का पूर्ण सूचक नहीं बनता।
(NIT=420-520=-100), so (NNP_{FC}=2950-(-100)=3050) crore. With negative (NIT), FC value becomes higher than MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 3050 करोड़ / 3050 crore. (NIT=420-520=-100), so (NNP_{FC}=2950-(-100)=3050) crore. With negative (NIT), FC value becomes higher than MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=420-520=-100), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=2950-(-100)=3050) करोड़। Negative (NIT) में FC value MP से बढ़ जाती है।
From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), both depreciation and (NIT) are deducted. So if (NIT) is non-zero, the difference is not only depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब (NIT) शून्य न हो / When (NIT) is not zero. From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), both depreciation and (NIT) are deducted. So if (NIT) is non-zero, the difference is not only depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक depreciation और (NIT) दोनों घटते हैं। इसलिए (NIT) non-zero हो तो अंतर केवल depreciation नहीं होगा।
First \(NNP_{MP}=6400-420=5980\), then (NIT=5980-5700=280) crore. For missing (NIT), take the difference between MP and FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 280 करोड़ / 280 crore. First \(NNP_{MP}=6400-420=5980\), then (NIT=5980-5700=280) crore. For missing (NIT), take the difference between MP and FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{MP}=6400-420=5980\), फिर (NIT=5980-5700=280) करोड़। Missing (NIT) के लिए MP और FC का अंतर लें।
B. कीमतों में वृद्धि का प्रभाव है/It reflects the effect of rising prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal NNP is at current prices, so it can rise due to price rise. If real NNP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कीमतों में वृद्धि का प्रभाव है / It reflects the effect of rising prices. Nominal NNP is at current prices, so it can rise due to price rise. If real NNP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal NNP current prices पर होता है इसलिए price rise से बढ़ सकता है। Real NNP constant हो तो वास्तविक उत्पादन नहीं बढ़ा।
A. उच्च NNP हमेशा समान वितरण नहीं दिखाता/Higher NNP does not always show equal distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net income but not distribution. In welfare analysis, also check inequality and quality factors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उच्च NNP हमेशा समान वितरण नहीं दिखाता / Higher NNP does not always show equal distribution. NNP shows total net income but not distribution. In welfare analysis, also check inequality and quality factors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP कुल शुद्ध आय दिखाता है लेकिन distribution नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में inequality और quality factors भी देखें।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक, परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय/Compensation of employees, operating surplus and mixed income
Step 1
Concept
The income method adds factor incomes. Compensation, operating surplus and mixed income are key components.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक, परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय / Compensation of employees, operating surplus and mixed income. The income method adds factor incomes. Compensation, operating surplus and mixed income are key components.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes का योग लिया जाता है। Compensation, operating surplus और mixed income प्रमुख घटक हैं।
First \(GNP_{FC}=4550+650=5200\), then \(GDP_{FC}=5200-150=5050\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) to move from national to domestic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5050 करोड़ / 5050 crore. First \(GNP_{FC}=4550+650=5200\), then \(GDP_{FC}=5200-150=5050\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) to move from national to domestic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(GNP_{FC}=4550+650=5200\), फिर \(GDP_{FC}=5200-150=5050\) करोड़। National से domestic में (NFIA) घटाएं।
A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NFIA) घटाएं/Add depreciation and deduct (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation to make it gross and deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic. The MP basis remains the same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NFIA) घटाएं / Add depreciation and deduct (NFIA). From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation to make it gross and deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic. The MP basis remains the same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}\) से gross बनाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें और domestic बनाने के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं। MP basis वही रहता है।
\(GNP_{MP}=3400+480=3880\), then (GDP_{MP}=3880-(-120)=4000) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) increases the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4000 करोड़ / 4000 crore. \(GNP_{MP}=3400+480=3880\), then (GDP_{MP}=3880-(-120)=4000) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) increases the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=3400+480=3880\), फिर (GDP_{MP}=3880-(-120)=4000) करोड़। Negative (NFIA) घटाने पर राशि बढ़ती है।
A. वे आवास सेवा प्रदान करते हैं जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य होता है/They provide housing service with an estimated value
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Including imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे आवास सेवा प्रदान करते हैं जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य होता है / They provide housing service with an estimated value. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Including imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service देता है। Imputed rent जोड़ने से समान सेवाओं का consistent valuation होता है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है भले ही बाजार में न बेचा गया हो/Because it is current production even if not sold in the market
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed output is production of the current year. Its estimated value can be included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है भले ही बाजार में न बेचा गया हो / Because it is current production even if not sold in the market. Self-consumed output is production of the current year. Its estimated value can be included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed output वर्तमान वर्ष का उत्पादन है। उसका अनुमानित मूल्य राष्ट्रीय आय में लिया जा सकता है।
C. राष्ट्रीय ऋण पर ब्याज जैसा transfer-type payment/Transfer-type payment like interest on national debt
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is linked with productive service. Transfer-type payments are not rewards for contribution to current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. राष्ट्रीय ऋण पर ब्याज जैसा transfer-type payment / Transfer-type payment like interest on national debt. Factor income is linked with productive service. Transfer-type payments are not rewards for contribution to current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor income उत्पादन सेवा से जुड़ी होती है। Transfer-type payments वर्तमान उत्पादन में योगदान का प्रतिफल नहीं होते।
A. (GNP), (GDP) से अधिक होगा/(GNP) will be greater than (GDP)
Step 1
Concept
(GNP=GDP+NFIA). Positive (NFIA) makes the national aggregate larger than the domestic aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GNP), (GDP) से अधिक होगा / (GNP) will be greater than (GDP). (GNP=GDP+NFIA). Positive (NFIA) makes the national aggregate larger than the domestic aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(GNP=GDP+NFIA) होता है। Positive (NFIA) national aggregate को domestic aggregate से बड़ा बनाता है।
A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT)/(NFIA), depreciation and (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(GDP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), adjustments for national, net and factor cost are applied. Hence (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT) are key.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT) / (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT). From \(GDP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), adjustments for national, net and factor cost are applied. Hence (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT) are key.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) में national, net और factor cost के adjustment लगते हैं। इसलिए (NFIA), depreciation और (NIT) मुख्य हैं।
A. दोनों में अंतर (NIT) के कारण होता है/The difference between them is due to (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
MP and FC are valuation bases whose difference comes from net indirect taxes. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों में अंतर (NIT) के कारण होता है / The difference between them is due to (NIT). MP and FC are valuation bases whose difference comes from net indirect taxes. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
MP और FC valuation bases हैं जिनका अंतर net indirect taxes से आता है। \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) याद रखें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). If \(NNP_{MP}\) is constant, rising (NIT) will reduce \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) बढ़ रहा है / (NIT) is increasing. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). If \(NNP_{MP}\) is constant, rising (NIT) will reduce \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) है। \(NNP_{MP}\) स्थिर रहने पर (NIT) बढ़ने से \(NNP_{FC}\) घटेगा।
A. घिसी हुई पूंजी की भरपाई के लिए निवेश/Investment to replace worn-out capital
Step 1
Concept
Replacement investment compensates for depreciation. In NNP, depreciation is deducted from gross output to observe net output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घिसी हुई पूंजी की भरपाई के लिए निवेश / Investment to replace worn-out capital. Replacement investment compensates for depreciation. In NNP, depreciation is deducted from gross output to observe net output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Replacement investment depreciation की भरपाई करता है। NNP में gross output से depreciation घटाकर net output देखा जाता है।
NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If GNP is constant and depreciation rises, NNP falls.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP घटेगा / NNP will decrease. NNP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GNP. If GNP is constant and depreciation rises, NNP falls.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP, GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है। GNP constant हो और depreciation बढ़े तो NNP घटता है।
A. Current price NNP nominal होता है और constant price NNP real होता है/Current price NNP is nominal and constant price NNP is real
Step 1
Concept
Current prices include price changes. Constant prices remove inflation effect and help in real comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current price NNP nominal होता है और constant price NNP real होता है / Current price NNP is nominal and constant price NNP is real. Current prices include price changes. Constant prices remove inflation effect and help in real comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices price changes को शामिल करते हैं। Constant prices inflation effect हटाकर real comparison में मदद करते हैं।
A. Real (NNP) लगभग स्थिर रहा/Real (NNP) remained almost constant
Step 1
Concept
If nominal growth is explained by price rise, real output has almost not increased. Price effect is removed in real NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real (NNP) लगभग स्थिर रहा / Real (NNP) remained almost constant. If nominal growth is explained by price rise, real output has almost not increased. Price effect is removed in real NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal वृद्धि यदि price rise से ही समझ आ रही है तो real output लगभग नहीं बढ़ा। Real NNP में price effect हटाया जाता है।
A. Normal depreciation नियमित घिसाव है जबकि accidental damage असामान्य capital loss हो सकता है/Normal depreciation is regular wear while accidental damage may be abnormal capital loss
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation is regular reduction of capital due to normal use. Abnormal damage may be treated separately as capital loss.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Normal depreciation नियमित घिसाव है जबकि accidental damage असामान्य capital loss हो सकता है / Normal depreciation is regular wear while accidental damage may be abnormal capital loss. Depreciation is regular reduction of capital due to normal use. Abnormal damage may be treated separately as capital loss.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation सामान्य उपयोग से पूंजी की नियमित कमी है। असामान्य क्षति को अलग capital loss के रूप में देखा जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि वह current production और inventory investment का भाग है/Because it is part of current production and inventory investment
Step 1
Concept
Unsold final goods are also produced in the current year. They can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current production और inventory investment का भाग है / Because it is part of current production and inventory investment. Unsold final goods are also produced in the current year. They can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold final goods भी वर्तमान वर्ष में उत्पादित होते हैं। उन्हें inventory investment के रूप में गिना जा सकता है।
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding them separately counts the same value twice.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना / Double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding them separately counts the same value twice.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का मूल्य final goods में शामिल हो जाता है। अलग से जोड़ने पर वही value दो बार गिनी जाएगी।
Per capita value is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. If population grows faster, average income may fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घट सकता है / It may fall. Per capita value is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. If population grows faster, average income may fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita value कुल NNP को population से भाग देकर मिलती है। Population तेजी से बढ़े तो average income घट सकती है।
\(NNP_{MP}=8200+400=8600\), so depreciation (=9000-8600=400) crore. In reverse conversion, correct the valuation basis first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 400 करोड़ / 400 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=8200+400=8600\), so depreciation (=9000-8600=400) crore. In reverse conversion, correct the valuation basis first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=8200+400=8600\), इसलिए depreciation (=9000-8600=400) करोड़। Reverse conversion में पहले valuation basis ठीक करें।
A. जब depreciation बहुत अधिक हो/When depreciation is very high
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=Depreciation\). The higher the depreciation, the larger the difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब depreciation बहुत अधिक हो / When depreciation is very high. \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=Depreciation\). The higher the depreciation, the larger the difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=Depreciation\) होता है। Depreciation जितना अधिक होगा, अंतर उतना अधिक होगा।
A. यह (NFIA) में outward factor payment के रूप में घटती है/It is deducted as outward factor payment in (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
Factor income paid to foreigners is not retained in national income. It reduces (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह (NFIA) में outward factor payment के रूप में घटती है / It is deducted as outward factor payment in (NFIA). Factor income paid to foreigners is not retained in national income. It reduces (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को दी गई factor income राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल नहीं रहती। यह (NFIA) को कम करती है।
A. Depreciation जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and add (NIT) for MP. In reverse questions, signs change with direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and add (NIT) for MP. In reverse questions, signs change with direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से gross के लिए depreciation जोड़ें, domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें। Reverse questions में दिशा बदलते ही signs बदलते हैं।
A. क्योंकि उसी से domestic-national, gross-net और MP-FC adjustments तय होते हैं/Because it determines domestic-national, gross-net and MP-FC adjustments
Step 1
Concept
The base aggregate tells which conversion is pending. Then signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT) can be applied correctly.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसी से domestic-national, gross-net और MP-FC adjustments तय होते हैं / Because it determines domestic-national, gross-net and MP-FC adjustments. The base aggregate tells which conversion is pending. Then signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT) can be applied correctly.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Base aggregate बताता है कि कौन-सा conversion बाकी है। फिर (NFIA), depreciation और (NIT) के signs सही लगते हैं।
Because \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Rearrange the formula to find missing (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NFIA=NNP_{FC}-GDP_{MP}+Depreciation+NIT\). Because \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Rearrange the formula to find missing (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
क्योंकि \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) है। सूत्र को rearrange करके missing (NFIA) निकालें।
A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं/Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so depreciation adjustment is not needed. Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT) for national and FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं / Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT). \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so depreciation adjustment is not needed. Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT) for national and FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) पहले से net है इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं चाहिए। National और FC के लिए (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं।
\(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) crore. Do not deduct depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5130 करोड़ / 5130 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) crore. Do not deduct depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) करोड़ होगा। Net aggregate होने पर depreciation को दोबारा न घटाएं।
A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}\) is domestic and at factor cost. Add (NFIA) for national and (NIT) for MP to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add (NFIA) and add (NIT). \(NDP_{FC}\) is domestic and at factor cost. Add (NFIA) for national and (NIT) for MP to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) domestic और factor cost पर है। \(NNP_{MP}\) के लिए national बनाने को (NFIA) और MP बनाने को (NIT) जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) crore. Negative (NFIA) reduces national value, while (NIT) can increase MP value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4530 करोड़ / 4530 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) crore. Negative (NFIA) reduces national value, while (NIT) can increase MP value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) करोड़ होगा। Negative (NFIA) national value को घटाता है लेकिन (NIT) MP value बढ़ा सकता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add depreciation and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross and add (NIT) for MP. The national basis is already present.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add depreciation and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross and add (NIT) for MP. The national basis is already present.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से gross बनाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें और MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें। National basis पहले से मौजूद है।
\(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\). Here the net basis is same, so depreciation is not a difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) और (NIT) / (NFIA) and (NIT). \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\). Here the net basis is same, so depreciation is not a difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\) होता है। यहां net basis समान है इसलिए depreciation का अंतर नहीं है।
A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं/Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). If subsidies are higher, (NIT) becomes negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं / Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). If subsidies are higher, (NIT) becomes negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) होता है। Subsidies अधिक हों तो (NIT) negative हो जाता है।
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) is constant and (NIT) falls, \(NNP_{MP}\) can fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) घट रहा है / (NIT) is falling. \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) is constant and (NIT) falls, \(NNP_{MP}\) can fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\) है। \(NNP_{FC}\) स्थिर हो और (NIT) घटे तो \(NNP_{MP}\) घट सकता है।
A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT)/(NFIA), depreciation and (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{FC}\) is national, gross and FC while \(NDP_{MP}\) is domestic, net and MP. Therefore, all three dimensions change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT) / (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT). \(GNP_{FC}\) is national, gross and FC while \(NDP_{MP}\) is domestic, net and MP. Therefore, all three dimensions change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) national, gross और FC है जबकि \(NDP_{MP}\) domestic, net और MP है। इसलिए तीनों dimensions बदलते हैं।
\(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), and \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) crore. Stepwise conversion is safer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 6450 करोड़ / 6450 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), and \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) crore. Stepwise conversion is safer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), और \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) करोड़। Stepwise conversion सुरक्षित रहता है।
After deducting depreciation, remaining investment is linked with net investment. In expert questions, understand the difference between gross investment and replacement investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net investment. After deducting depreciation, remaining investment is linked with net investment. In expert questions, understand the difference between gross investment and replacement investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने के बाद बचा investment net investment से जुड़ता है। Expert questions में gross investment और replacement investment का अंतर समझें।
A. Net investment negative हो सकता है और capacity घट सकती है/Net investment may be negative and capacity may fall
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation shows replacement need. If gross investment is lower, it may indicate a fall in capital stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net investment negative हो सकता है और capacity घट सकती है / Net investment may be negative and capacity may fall. Depreciation shows replacement need. If gross investment is lower, it may indicate a fall in capital stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation replacement need दिखाता है। Gross investment कम हो तो capital stock घटने का संकेत मिल सकता है।
A. आधिकारिक NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन से कम दिख सकता है/Official NNP may appear lower than actual production
Step 1
Concept
Illegal activities are not captured properly in official records. This can make measured NNP understate actual economic activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आधिकारिक NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन से कम दिख सकता है / Official NNP may appear lower than actual production. Illegal activities are not captured properly in official records. This can make measured NNP understate actual economic activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activities official records में सही capture नहीं होतीं। इससे measured NNP actual economic activity को कम दिखा सकता है।
A. Income और welfare का आधिकारिक चित्र अधूरा रह सकता है/The official picture of income and welfare may remain incomplete
Step 1
Concept
The black economy can remain hidden in data. Therefore, welfare conclusions based on NNP should be drawn carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Income और welfare का आधिकारिक चित्र अधूरा रह सकता है / The official picture of income and welfare may remain incomplete. The black economy can remain hidden in data. Therefore, welfare conclusions based on NNP should be drawn carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Black economy data में hidden रह सकती है। इसलिए NNP आधारित welfare conclusion सावधानी से निकालना चाहिए।
A. यह current production को बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाएगा/It will overstate current production
Step 1
Concept
Resale of an old machine is not current production. Treating it as output can wrongly inflate NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह current production को बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाएगा / It will overstate current production. Resale of an old machine is not current production. Treating it as output can wrongly inflate NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन की resale current production नहीं है। इसे output मानने से NNP गलत बढ़ सकता है।
A. Current service होने से commission शामिल हो सकता है/Commission may be included because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old house is not current output, but the broker's current service is. Therefore, commission can be added as service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current service होने से commission शामिल हो सकता है / Commission may be included because it is a current service. The value of the old house is not current output, but the broker's current service is. Therefore, commission can be added as service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने घर का मूल्य current output नहीं है लेकिन broker की current service है। इसलिए commission को सेवा उत्पादन के रूप में जोड़ा जा सकता है।
A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है/It prevents double counting of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
Value added takes only the newly added value at each production stage. This prevents intermediate values from being counted again.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है / It prevents double counting of intermediate goods. Value added takes only the newly added value at each production stage. This prevents intermediate values from being counted again.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added हर उत्पादन चरण में नई जोड़ी गई value को लेता है। इससे intermediate values दोबारा नहीं गिनी जातीं।
Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) crore. In the product method, intermediate consumption must be deducted.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4900 करोड़ / 4900 crore. Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) crore. In the product method, intermediate consumption must be deducted.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) करोड़ होगा। Product method में intermediate consumption को घटाना जरूरी है।
First net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), then add (NFIA) to get NNP (=4500) crore. If the valuation basis is same, (NIT) is not separately applied.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4500 करोड़ / 4500 crore. First net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), then add (NFIA) to get NNP (=4500) crore. If the valuation basis is same, (NIT) is not separately applied.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), फिर (NFIA) जोड़कर NNP (=4500) करोड़। Valuation basis same हो तो (NIT) अलग से नहीं लगता।
Retained earnings are part of enterprise income and fall under operating surplus. Keep factor income classification in mind in the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Operating surplus. Retained earnings are part of enterprise income and fall under operating surplus. Keep factor income classification in mind in the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Retained earnings enterprise income का भाग हैं और operating surplus में आते हैं। Income method में factor income classification ध्यान रखें।
A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में/In compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Employer contribution is treated as part of employee compensation. It is linked with current production as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में / In compensation of employees. Employer contribution is treated as part of employee compensation. It is linked with current production as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Employer contribution employee compensation का हिस्सा माना जाता है। यह factor income के रूप में current production से जुड़ा होता है।
A. राष्ट्रीय आय बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाई जाएगी/National income will be overstated
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not rewards for current productive service. Adding them violates the factor income principle.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय आय बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाई जाएगी / National income will be overstated. Transfer payments are not rewards for current productive service. Adding them violates the factor income principle.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments current productive service का प्रतिफल नहीं हैं। इन्हें जोड़ना factor income principle के विरुद्ध है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले अर्जित आय नहीं है/Because it is not earned against productive service
Step 1
Concept
A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. National income includes earned factor incomes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले अर्जित आय नहीं है / Because it is not earned against productive service. A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. National income includes earned factor incomes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer-type receipt है। National income में earned factor incomes को शामिल किया जाता है।
A. (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें/Deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic and add (NIT) to make it MP. The net basis remains same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें / Deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic and add (NIT) to make it MP. The net basis remains same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से domestic बनाने के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और MP बनाने के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें। Net basis समान रहता है।
\(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) for national to domestic and add (NIT) for FC to MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5025 करोड़ / 5025 crore. \(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) for national to domestic and add (NIT) for FC to MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) करोड़ होगा। National से domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और FC से MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें।
A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं/Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and deduct (NIT) for FC. Signs change when direction changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं / Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and deduct (NIT). From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and deduct (NIT) for FC. Signs change when direction changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}\) से gross के लिए depreciation जोड़ें, domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और FC के लिए (NIT) घटाएं। Direction बदलने पर signs बदलते हैं।
A. NNP welfare और sustainability को अधिक दिखा सकता है/NNP may overstate welfare and sustainability
Step 1
Concept
Environmental loss is not fully reflected in monetary output. Therefore, high NNP is not a guarantee of sustainable welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP welfare और sustainability को अधिक दिखा सकता है / NNP may overstate welfare and sustainability. Environmental loss is not fully reflected in monetary output. Therefore, high NNP is not a guarantee of sustainable welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Environmental loss monetary output में पूरी तरह नहीं दिखता। इसलिए high NNP sustainable welfare की guarantee नहीं है।
A. NNP बढ़ने पर भी welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़ा हो/Welfare may not necessarily have risen despite higher NNP
Step 1
Concept
Cleanup spending can raise output, but pollution damage can reduce welfare. Do not treat NNP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP बढ़ने पर भी welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़ा हो / Welfare may not necessarily have risen despite higher NNP. Cleanup spending can raise output, but pollution damage can reduce welfare. Do not treat NNP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cleanup spending output बढ़ा सकता है पर pollution damage welfare घटा सकता है। NNP को welfare का पूर्ण माप न मानें।
A. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) भी देखना चाहिए/Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) should also be checked
Step 1
Concept
When total NNP is same, population difference changes average income. Therefore, per capita measure can be more useful.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) भी देखना चाहिए / Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) should also be checked. When total NNP is same, population difference changes average income. Therefore, per capita measure can be more useful.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुल NNP समान होने पर population अंतर average income बदल देता है। इसलिए per capita measure अधिक उपयोगी हो सकता है।
Initially per capita (=9000/300=30), later (9900/330=30). A rise in total NNP does not always raise average income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will remain unchanged. Initially per capita (=9000/300=30), later (9900/330=30). A rise in total NNP does not always raise average income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले per capita (=9000/300=30), बाद में (9900/330=30) होता है। कुल NNP बढ़ने से average income हमेशा नहीं बढ़ती।
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). In market price to factor cost conversion, subsidies reduce (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) के माध्यम से / Through (NIT). (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). In market price to factor cost conversion, subsidies reduce (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) है। Market price से factor cost conversion में subsidies (NIT) को कम करती हैं।
Higher subsidies reduce (NIT). Since \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), the FC value can rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\) बढ़ेगा / \(NNP_{FC}\) will rise. Higher subsidies reduce (NIT). Since \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), the FC value can rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies बढ़ने से (NIT) घटता है। \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होने से FC value बढ़ सकती है।
(NIT=900-1100=-200), so (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) crore. When subsidies are higher, FC can exceed MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 8200 करोड़ / 8200 crore. (NIT=900-1100=-200), so (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) crore. When subsidies are higher, FC can exceed MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=900-1100=-200), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) करोड़। Subsidies अधिक होने पर FC MP से ऊपर जा सकता है।
The difference between factor income received from abroad and paid to foreigners is (NFIA). It converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA). The difference between factor income received from abroad and paid to foreigners is (NFIA). It converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त और विदेशियों को दी गई factor income का अंतर (NFIA) है। यह domestic को national aggregate में बदलता है।
Negative (NFIA) means factor payments to foreigners are higher. This can make the national aggregate lower than the domestic aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब (NFIA) negative हो / When (NFIA) is negative. Negative (NFIA) means factor payments to foreigners are higher. This can make the national aggregate lower than the domestic aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative (NFIA) का अर्थ foreigners को factor payments अधिक हैं। इससे national aggregate domestic aggregate से कम हो सकता है।
Depreciation is deducted to convert GNP into NNP. If both are equal, depreciation is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation शून्य है / Depreciation is zero. Depreciation is deducted to convert GNP into NNP. If both are equal, depreciation is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से NNP बनाने में depreciation घटता है। दोनों बराबर हों तो depreciation zero होगा।
A. क्योंकि यह capital depreciation घटाता है/Because it deducts capital depreciation
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows income left after capital wear and tear. Therefore, it can indicate sustainability better than a gross measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह capital depreciation घटाता है / Because it deducts capital depreciation. NNP shows income left after capital wear and tear. Therefore, it can indicate sustainability better than a gross measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद बची आय दिखाता है। इसलिए यह gross measure की तुलना में sustainability को बेहतर संकेत दे सकता है।
A. शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन overestimated हो सकता है/Net available output may be overestimated
Step 1
Concept
High depreciation may mean a large part of gross output goes to replacement. NNP shows this risk better.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन overestimated हो सकता है / Net available output may be overestimated. High depreciation may mean a large part of gross output goes to replacement. NNP shows this risk better.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High depreciation gross output का बड़ा हिस्सा replacement में लगा सकता है। NNP इस risk को बेहतर दिखाता है।
A. Real (NNP) लगभग (4%) बढ़ा/Real (NNP) rose by about (4%)
Step 1
Concept
In simple approximation, real growth is about nominal growth minus inflation. In expert MCQs, distinguish exact and approximate wording.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real (NNP) लगभग (4%) बढ़ा / Real (NNP) rose by about (4%). In simple approximation, real growth is about nominal growth minus inflation. In expert MCQs, distinguish exact and approximate wording.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल approximation में real growth लगभग nominal growth minus inflation होती है। Expert MCQ में exact और approximate शब्द अलग पहचानें।
A. पुराने furniture की resale price को current output मानना/Treating resale price of old furniture as current output
Step 1
Concept
Resale of old furniture is not current production. But current services and estimated current output may be appropriately included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुराने furniture की resale price को current output मानना / Treating resale price of old furniture as current output. Resale of old furniture is not current production. But current services and estimated current output may be appropriately included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने furniture की resale current production नहीं है। लेकिन current services और estimated current output को उचित रूप से शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. हर aggregate की तीन पहचान करें: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC/Identify three features of every aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC
Step 1
Concept
Mistakes in NNP conversion reduce when the three identities of base and target aggregates are clear. Then decide signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हर aggregate की तीन पहचान करें: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC / Identify three features of every aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC. Mistakes in NNP conversion reduce when the three identities of base and target aggregates are clear. Then decide signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP conversion में गलती तभी कम होती है जब base और target aggregate की तीनों पहचान स्पष्ट हों। फिर (NFIA), depreciation और (NIT) के signs तय करें।
\(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost. Only (NFIA) is added to make it national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल (NFIA) जोड़ना / Add only (NFIA). \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost. Only (NFIA) is added to make it national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है। National बनाने के लिए केवल (NFIA) जोड़ना होता है।
\(GDP_{FC}\) is domestic and gross. For \(NNP_{FC}\), add (NFIA) and deduct depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation\). \(GDP_{FC}\) is domestic and gross. For \(NNP_{FC}\), add (NFIA) and deduct depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}\) domestic और gross है। \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए (NFIA) जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं।
A. Depreciation जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation to make it gross. Deduct (NFIA) for domestic and add (NIT) for MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation to make it gross. Deduct (NFIA) for domestic and add (NIT) for MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से gross बनाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ते हैं। Domestic बनाने को (NFIA) घटाते और MP बनाने को (NIT) जोड़ते हैं।
\(GDP_{MP}=7200+800-300+450=8150\) crore. In reverse conversion, (NFIA) is deducted for national to domestic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 8150 करोड़ / 8150 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=7200+800-300+450=8150\) crore. In reverse conversion, (NFIA) is deducted for national to domestic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=7200+800-300+450=8150\) करोड़ होगा। Reverse conversion में national से domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटता है।
From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for net and (NIT) for FC. (GNP) is already national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation और (NIT) / Depreciation and (NIT). From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for net and (NIT) for FC. (GNP) is already national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक net बनाने के लिए depreciation और FC बनाने के लिए (NIT) घटता है। (GNP) पहले से national होता है।
First \(NNP_{MP}=7900+350=8250\), then depreciation (=8800-8250=550) crore. In reverse, correct the valuation basis first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 550 करोड़ / 550 crore. First \(NNP_{MP}=7900+350=8250\), then depreciation (=8800-8250=550) crore. In reverse, correct the valuation basis first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(NNP_{MP}=7900+350=8250\), फिर depreciation (=8800-8250=550) करोड़। Reverse में पहले valuation basis ठीक करें।
A. Depreciation जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं/Add depreciation and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation to make it gross and deduct (NIT) for FC. The national basis is already same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं / Add depreciation and deduct (NIT). From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation to make it gross and deduct (NIT) for FC. The national basis is already same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}\) से gross बनाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें और FC के लिए (NIT) घटाएं। National basis पहले से समान है।
\(GNP_{FC}=6400+780-430=6750\) crore. (NIT) is deducted for MP to FC and depreciation is added for net to gross.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 6750 करोड़ / 6750 crore. \(GNP_{FC}=6400+780-430=6750\) crore. (NIT) is deducted for MP to FC and depreciation is added for net to gross.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}=6400+780-430=6750\) करोड़ होगा। MP से FC में (NIT) घटता है और net से gross में depreciation जुड़ता है।
A. जब (NFIA) कम और (NIT) धनात्मक हो/When (NFIA) is low and (NIT) is positive
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\). Positive (NIT) and low (NFIA) can make FC value lower than domestic MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब (NFIA) कम और (NIT) धनात्मक हो / When (NFIA) is low and (NIT) is positive. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\). Positive (NIT) and low (NFIA) can make FC value lower than domestic MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\) होता है। Positive (NIT) और low (NFIA) FC value को domestic MP से कम कर सकते हैं।
\(NNP_{FC}=5900-180-420=5300\) crore. The net basis is already present, so depreciation is not deducted.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5300 करोड़ / 5300 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=5900-180-420=5300\) crore. The net basis is already present, so depreciation is not deducted.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=5900-180-420=5300\) करोड़ होगा। Net basis पहले से है इसलिए depreciation नहीं घटाया जाएगा।
Deducting depreciation shows income left after maintaining capital stock. Thus NNP is useful in sustainable income analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Sustainable net income. Deducting depreciation shows income left after maintaining capital stock. Thus NNP is useful in sustainable income analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने से capital stock बनाए रखने के बाद बची income दिखती है। इसलिए NNP sustainable income analysis में उपयोगी है।
Net saving (=Gross\ saving-Depreciation=500) crore. Deducting depreciation is the key rule in net concepts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 500 करोड़ / 500 crore. Net saving (=Gross\ saving-Depreciation=500) crore. Deducting depreciation is the key rule in net concepts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net saving (=Gross\ saving-Depreciation=500) करोड़ होगा। Net concepts में depreciation घटाना मुख्य नियम है।
A. Net saving negative हो सकती है/Net saving can be negative
Step 1
Concept
If depreciation exceeds gross saving, net saving can go below zero. This shows capital maintenance pressure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net saving negative हो सकती है / Net saving can be negative. If depreciation exceeds gross saving, net saving can go below zero. This shows capital maintenance pressure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation gross saving से अधिक हो तो net saving शून्य से नीचे जा सकती है। यह capital maintenance pressure दिखाता है।
A. Obsolescence पूंजी के आर्थिक मूल्य घटने का कारण हो सकता है/Obsolescence can cause a fall in economic value of capital
Step 1
Concept
New technology can reduce the economic value of old machines. Study it with the idea of capital consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Obsolescence पूंजी के आर्थिक मूल्य घटने का कारण हो सकता है / Obsolescence can cause a fall in economic value of capital. New technology can reduce the economic value of old machines. Study it with the idea of capital consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई तकनीक से पुरानी मशीन का आर्थिक मूल्य घट सकता है। इसे capital consumption की समझ से जोड़कर पढ़ें।
A. क्योंकि normal depreciation नियमित उपयोग से होता है जबकि unexpected loss असामान्य घटना से हो सकता है/Because normal depreciation arises from regular use while unexpected loss may arise from an abnormal event
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation represents regular capital consumption. Separating abnormal loss improves measurement clarity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि normal depreciation नियमित उपयोग से होता है जबकि unexpected loss असामान्य घटना से हो सकता है / Because normal depreciation arises from regular use while unexpected loss may arise from an abnormal event. Depreciation represents regular capital consumption. Separating abnormal loss improves measurement clarity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation नियमित capital consumption को दर्शाता है। असामान्य loss को अलग पहचानना measurement में स्पष्टता देता है।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन या वास्तविक आय में वृद्धि हुई है/Real output or real income has increased
Step 1
Concept
Real NNP removes the price effect. Therefore, a rise in real NNP indicates real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन या वास्तविक आय में वृद्धि हुई है / Real output or real income has increased. Real NNP removes the price effect. Therefore, a rise in real NNP indicates real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real NNP में price effect हटाया जाता है। इसलिए real NNP बढ़ना वास्तविक वृद्धि का संकेत देता है।
A. कीमतों की वृद्धि ने वास्तविक गिरावट को छिपा दिया है/Price rise has hidden a real decline
Step 1
Concept
Nominal value can rise due to price rise. If real NNP falls, real output or income is decreasing.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों की वृद्धि ने वास्तविक गिरावट को छिपा दिया है / Price rise has hidden a real decline. Nominal value can rise due to price rise. If real NNP falls, real output or income is decreasing.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal value price rise से बढ़ सकती है। Real NNP घटे तो वास्तविक उत्पादन या आय कम हो रही है।
A. कल्याण और वास्तविक सेवा योगदान कम आंका जा सकता है/Welfare and real service contribution may be underestimated
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid care work lacks market valuation but contributes to welfare. Thus NNP may show welfare incompletely.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कल्याण और वास्तविक सेवा योगदान कम आंका जा सकता है / Welfare and real service contribution may be underestimated. Unpaid care work lacks market valuation but contributes to welfare. Thus NNP may show welfare incompletely.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid care work का market valuation नहीं होता लेकिन welfare में योगदान होता है। इसलिए NNP welfare को अधूरा दिखा सकता है।
A. सामान्यतः शामिल नहीं होगी/Generally not included
Step 1
Concept
A household unpaid service has no market transaction. Therefore, it is generally not included in NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्यतः शामिल नहीं होगी / Generally not included. A household unpaid service has no market transaction. Therefore, it is generally not included in NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू unpaid service का market transaction नहीं होता। इसलिए इसे सामान्यतः NNP में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
A. Farm produce marketable output हो सकता है, household cooking unpaid service है/Farm produce can be marketable output, household cooking is an unpaid service
Step 1
Concept
Estimated market value of self-consumed farm output can be counted. Unpaid household services are generally excluded.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Farm produce marketable output हो सकता है, household cooking unpaid service है / Farm produce can be marketable output, household cooking is an unpaid service. Estimated market value of self-consumed farm output can be counted. Unpaid household services are generally excluded.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output का अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य लिया जा सकता है। Unpaid household services सामान्यतः बाहर रहती हैं।
A. इसे current output के रूप में शामिल किया जा सकता है/It can be included as current output
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed agricultural output is current production. If its market value is estimated, it can be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसे current output के रूप में शामिल किया जा सकता है / It can be included as current output. Self-consumed agricultural output is current production. If its market value is estimated, it can be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed agricultural output current production है। उसका market value अनुमानित हो तो उसे शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. Resale price current output नहीं है, commission current service है/Resale price is not current output, commission is a current service
Step 1
Concept
The value of a second-hand asset was already counted earlier. Broker commission is a current service and may be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Resale price current output नहीं है, commission current service है / Resale price is not current output, commission is a current service. The value of a second-hand asset was already counted earlier. Broker commission is a current service and may be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Second-hand asset का मूल्य पहले गिना जा चुका होता है। Broker commission वर्तमान सेवा है इसलिए शामिल हो सकती है।
A. केवल (25) हजार commission/Only (25) thousand commission
Step 1
Concept
Resale of old car is not current production. Dealer commission is current service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल (25) हजार commission / Only (25) thousand commission. Resale of old car is not current production. Dealer commission is current service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old car की resale current production नहीं है। Dealer commission current service output है।
A. क्योंकि वे उत्पादन सेवा के नियमित प्रतिफल नहीं हैं/Because they are not regular rewards for productive service
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received against productive service. Windfall gains are not directly linked with current production contribution.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे उत्पादन सेवा के नियमित प्रतिफल नहीं हैं / Because they are not regular rewards for productive service. Factor income is received against productive service. Windfall gains are not directly linked with current production contribution.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor income productive service के बदले मिलती है। Windfall gains current production contribution से सीधे जुड़े नहीं होते।
A. क्योंकि \(NNP_{FC}\) factor cost पर है और taxes factor income नहीं हैं/Because \(NNP_{FC}\) is at factor cost and taxes are not factor income
Step 1
Concept
The income method adds factor incomes. Indirect taxes are relevant as (NIT) in market price conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि \(NNP_{FC}\) factor cost पर है और taxes factor income नहीं हैं / Because \(NNP_{FC}\) is at factor cost and taxes are not factor income. The income method adds factor incomes. Indirect taxes are relevant as (NIT) in market price conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes जोड़ी जाती हैं। Indirect taxes market price conversion में (NIT) के रूप में relevant होते हैं।
A. क्योंकि self-employed की labour और enterprise income अलग करना कठिन होता है/Because separating labour and enterprise income of self-employed is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Income of self-employed persons mixes wages and profit. Therefore, mixed income is taken separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि self-employed की labour और enterprise income अलग करना कठिन होता है / Because separating labour and enterprise income of self-employed is difficult. Income of self-employed persons mixes wages and profit. Therefore, mixed income is taken separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-employed persons की आय में मजदूरी और लाभ मिश्रित रहते हैं। इसलिए mixed income अलग से लिया जाता है।
यदि compensation of employees (3200) करोड़, operating surplus (2400) करोड़, mixed income (1300) करोड़ और (NFIA=100) करोड़ पहले ही included नहीं है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?
Domestic factor income (=3200+2400+1300=6900), then add (NFIA) to get \(NNP_{FC}=7000\) crore. Check whether (NFIA) is already included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 7000 करोड़ / 7000 crore. Domestic factor income (=3200+2400+1300=6900), then add (NFIA) to get \(NNP_{FC}=7000\) crore. Check whether (NFIA) is already included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic factor income (=3200+2400+1300=6900), फिर (NFIA) जोड़कर \(NNP_{FC}=7000\) करोड़। देखें कि (NFIA) पहले included है या नहीं।
A. (NFIA) दोबारा नहीं जोड़ना चाहिए/(NFIA) should not be added again
Step 1
Concept
On national basis, factor incomes already include the effect of (NFIA). Adding it again would cause double adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) दोबारा नहीं जोड़ना चाहिए / (NFIA) should not be added again. On national basis, factor incomes already include the effect of (NFIA). Adding it again would cause double adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National basis पर factor incomes में (NFIA) का प्रभाव पहले से शामिल होता है। दोबारा जोड़ने से double adjustment होगा।
A. Valuation basis और (NFIA)/Valuation basis and (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
Net value added may be on domestic basis and at MP or FC. To reach \(NNP_{FC}\), check valuation and (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Valuation basis और (NFIA) / Valuation basis and (NFIA). Net value added may be on domestic basis and at MP or FC. To reach \(NNP_{FC}\), check valuation and (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net value added domestic basis पर हो सकता है और MP या FC पर हो सकता है। \(NNP_{FC}\) तक पहुंचने के लिए valuation और (NFIA) check करें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NVA_{MP}+NFIA-NIT=6000+250-400=5850\) crore. Since it is net value, depreciation need not be deducted.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 5850 करोड़ / 5850 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=NVA_{MP}+NFIA-NIT=6000+250-400=5850\) crore. Since it is net value, depreciation need not be deducted.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NVA_{MP}+NFIA-NIT=6000+250-400=5850\) करोड़। Net value होने से depreciation घटाने की जरूरत नहीं है।
\(NNP_{FC}=9000-1100-200-500=7200\) crore. Gross to net, domestic to national and MP to FC conversions are all applied.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 7200 करोड़ / 7200 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=9000-1100-200-500=7200\) crore. Gross to net, domestic to national and MP to FC conversions are all applied.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=9000-1100-200-500=7200\) करोड़ होगा। Gross से net, domestic से national और MP से FC तीनों conversion लगते हैं।
A. Current production income overstate हो सकती है/Current production income may be overstated
Step 1
Concept
Capital gains may arise from asset price changes, not from current productive service. Adding them can wrongly increase national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current production income overstate हो सकती है / Current production income may be overstated. Capital gains may arise from asset price changes, not from current productive service. Adding them can wrongly increase national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital gains asset price changes से हो सकते हैं, current production service से नहीं। इन्हें जोड़ने से national income गलत बढ़ सकती है।
A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का भुगतान नहीं है/Because it is not payment for current productive service
Step 1
Concept
Government pension can be a transfer payment. National income includes rewards for current factor services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का भुगतान नहीं है / Because it is not payment for current productive service. Government pension can be a transfer payment. National income includes rewards for current factor services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी pension transfer payment हो सकती है। National income में current factor services का reward लिया जाता है।
Teaching salary is a reward for current productive service. Pension, being a transfer payment, is not included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल teaching salary / Only teaching salary. Teaching salary is a reward for current productive service. Pension, being a transfer payment, is not included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Teaching salary current productive service का reward है। Pension transfer payment होने पर national income में शामिल नहीं की जाती।
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) remains same, higher (NIT) raises \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ेगा / \(NNP_{MP}\) will rise. \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) remains same, higher (NIT) raises \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\) है। \(NNP_{FC}\) समान रहे तो (NIT) बढ़ने पर \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ता है।
When (NIT) is negative, \(NNP_{FC}\) is higher than MP. When (NIT) becomes zero, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}\), so it falls.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\) घटेगा / \(NNP_{FC}\) will fall. When (NIT) is negative, \(NNP_{FC}\) is higher than MP. When (NIT) becomes zero, \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}\), so it falls.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative (NIT) होने पर \(NNP_{FC}\) MP से अधिक होता है। (NIT) zero होने पर \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}\) हो जाता है, इसलिए घटता है।
यदि residents की foreign factor income (1500) करोड़ और foreigners की domestic factor income (1900) करोड़ है, तो (NFIA) और national aggregate पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?
A. (NFIA=-400) करोड़ और national aggregate घटेगा/(NFIA=-400) crore and national aggregate will fall
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA=1500-1900=-400) crore. Negative (NFIA) makes national value lower than domestic value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA=-400) करोड़ और national aggregate घटेगा / (NFIA=-400) crore and national aggregate will fall. (NFIA=1500-1900=-400) crore. Negative (NFIA) makes national value lower than domestic value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NFIA=1500-1900=-400) करोड़ होगा। Negative (NFIA) domestic value से national value को कम करता है।
Approximate per capita growth is total growth minus population growth. With population growth of (-2%), it is (5%-(-2%)=7%).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग (7%) वृद्धि / About (7%) rise. Approximate per capita growth is total growth minus population growth. With population growth of (-2%), it is (5%-(-2%)=7%).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Approximate per capita growth total growth minus population growth होता है। Population growth (-2%) होने पर (5%-(-2%)=7%) होगा।
Per capita growth is approximately (6%-8%=-2%). Per capita can fall even when total NNP rises.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग (2%) घटेगा / It will fall by about (2%). Per capita growth is approximately (6%-8%=-2%). Per capita can fall even when total NNP rises.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita growth approximately (6%-8%=-2%) होगा। कुल NNP बढ़ने पर भी per capita घट सकता है।
A. वास्तविक जीवन-गुणवत्ता का आकलन अधूरा हो सकता है/Assessment of real quality of life may be incomplete
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows monetary output but does not measure non-monetary quality like leisure. Treat it as a limitation in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक जीवन-गुणवत्ता का आकलन अधूरा हो सकता है / Assessment of real quality of life may be incomplete. NNP shows monetary output but does not measure non-monetary quality like leisure. Treat it as a limitation in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP monetary output बताता है लेकिन leisure जैसी non-monetary quality को नहीं मापता। Welfare analysis में इसे limitation मानें।
A. NNP बढ़ने से welfare जरूरी नहीं समान अनुपात में बढ़ा हो/Welfare may not have risen in the same proportion as NNP
Step 1
Concept
Higher output may come with loss of leisure. Therefore, do not treat NNP and welfare as identical.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP बढ़ने से welfare जरूरी नहीं समान अनुपात में बढ़ा हो / Welfare may not have risen in the same proportion as NNP. Higher output may come with loss of leisure. Therefore, do not treat NNP and welfare as identical.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अधिक output के साथ leisure loss भी हो सकता है। इसलिए NNP और welfare को एक जैसा न मानें।
A. Measured NNP को actual activity से कम दिखा सकती है/It can make measured NNP lower than actual activity
Step 1
Concept
Hidden activity does not enter official records. This can make measured NNP lower than actual production or income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Measured NNP को actual activity से कम दिखा सकती है / It can make measured NNP lower than actual activity. Hidden activity does not enter official records. This can make measured NNP lower than actual production or income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Hidden activity official records में नहीं आती। इससे measured NNP actual production या income से कम दिख सकती है।
A. Official NNP economy का पूरा picture नहीं दे सकता/Official NNP may not give the complete picture of the economy
Step 1
Concept
If black income is missed, official NNP can be incomplete. Policy conclusions should acknowledge data limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Official NNP economy का पूरा picture नहीं दे सकता / Official NNP may not give the complete picture of the economy. If black income is missed, official NNP can be incomplete. Policy conclusions should acknowledge data limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Black income छूटने से official NNP incomplete हो सकता है। Policy conclusion में data limitation स्वीकार करनी चाहिए।
A. Target aggregate से base aggregate की दिशा उलटते समय adjustment signs बदलते हैं/Adjustment signs change when direction is reversed from target to base aggregate
Step 1
Concept
In forward and reverse conversion, the direction of the same relation changes. Decide the sign by checking aggregate identity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Target aggregate से base aggregate की दिशा उलटते समय adjustment signs बदलते हैं / Adjustment signs change when direction is reversed from target to base aggregate. In forward and reverse conversion, the direction of the same relation changes. Decide the sign by checking aggregate identity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Forward और reverse conversion में same relation का direction बदलता है। इसलिए sign को aggregate identity देखकर तय करें।
A. क्योंकि ये national, valuation और net conversion की अलग dimensions हैं/Because they represent separate dimensions of national, valuation and net conversion
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA) changes domestic-national, (NIT) changes MP-FC and depreciation changes gross-net. Mixing them increases sign mistakes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ये national, valuation और net conversion की अलग dimensions हैं / Because they represent separate dimensions of national, valuation and net conversion. (NFIA) changes domestic-national, (NIT) changes MP-FC and depreciation changes gross-net. Mixing them increases sign mistakes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NFIA) domestic-national, (NIT) MP-FC और depreciation gross-net को बदलता है। तीनों को मिलाने से sign mistakes बढ़ती हैं।
A. क्योंकि gross से net जाने पर depreciation घटता है/Because depreciation is deducted when moving from gross to net
Step 1
Concept
\(GDP_{MP}\) is a gross aggregate and \(NNP_{FC}\) is a net aggregate. Therefore, depreciation should be deducted, not added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि gross से net जाने पर depreciation घटता है / Because depreciation is deducted when moving from gross to net. \(GDP_{MP}\) is a gross aggregate and \(NNP_{FC}\) is a net aggregate. Therefore, depreciation should be deducted, not added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}\) gross aggregate है और \(NNP_{FC}\) net aggregate है। इसलिए depreciation जोड़ना नहीं, घटाना चाहिए।
