GDP measures production within domestic territory. Remember the difference between domestic territory and citizenship in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ेगी / GDP will increase. GDP measures production within domestic territory. Remember the difference between domestic territory and citizenship in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP घरेलू सीमा के अंदर हुए उत्पादन को मापती है। परीक्षा में घरेलू सीमा और नागरिकता का अंतर याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
Sale of an old good does not create new output. In exams, treat current year production as the base of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. Sale of an old good does not create new output. In exams, treat current year production as the base of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु की बिक्री से नया उत्पादन नहीं बनता। परीक्षा में चालू वर्ष के उत्पादन को GDP का आधार मानें।
Self-consumption output may be included if it can be valued. In exams, not being sold in the market does not always mean exclusion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसे शामिल किया जा सकता है / It may be included. Self-consumption output may be included if it can be valued. In exams, not being sold in the market does not always mean exclusion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्व-उपभोग उत्पादन का मूल्यांकन हो सके तो GDP में जोड़ा जा सकता है। परीक्षा में बाजार में न बिकने का मतलब हमेशा बाहर नहीं होता।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं/Subtract net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes net indirect taxes. Remember the formula \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं / Subtract net indirect taxes. Market price includes net indirect taxes. Remember the formula \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य में शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर शामिल होते हैं। सूत्र याद रखें \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\)।
A. GDP at factor cost GDP at market price से अधिक होगा/GDP at factor cost will be greater than GDP at market price
Step 1
Concept
When NIT is negative, factor cost becomes greater than market price. Remember (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP at factor cost GDP at market price से अधिक होगा / GDP at factor cost will be greater than GDP at market price. When NIT is negative, factor cost becomes greater than market price. Remember (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब NIT ऋणात्मक होता है तो कारक लागत बाजार मूल्य से अधिक हो जाती है। परीक्षा में (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि घरेलू सेवक की सेवा बाजार लेन-देन है/Because the servant's service is a market transaction
Step 1
Concept
GDP includes services purchased in the market. In exams, unpaid household services are treated as excluded from GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि घरेलू सेवक की सेवा बाजार लेन-देन है / Because the servant's service is a market transaction. GDP includes services purchased in the market. In exams, unpaid household services are treated as excluded from GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में बाजार में खरीदी गई सेवाएं शामिल होती हैं। परीक्षा में अवैतनिक घरेलू सेवाओं को GDP से बाहर मानें।
The value of an intermediate good is already included in the final good. In exams, the value added method prevents double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना / Double counting. The value of an intermediate good is already included in the final good. In exams, the value added method prevents double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तु का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तु में पहले से शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में value added method दोहरी गणना रोकता है।
The value of final goods is added to GDP. In exams, avoid adding intermediate cost separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ब्रेड का अंतिम मूल्य / Final value of bread. The value of final goods is added to GDP. In exams, avoid adding intermediate cost separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तु का मूल्य GDP में जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में मध्यवर्ती लागत को अलग से जोड़ने से बचें।
A. GDP में शामिल सभी अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के औसत मूल्य परिवर्तन/Average price change of all final goods and services in GDP
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator is a broad price index because it covers all final goods in GDP. In exams, treat it as broader than CPI.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल सभी अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के औसत मूल्य परिवर्तन / Average price change of all final goods and services in GDP. GDP deflator is a broad price index because it covers all final goods in GDP. In exams, treat it as broader than CPI.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator व्यापक मूल्य सूचक है क्योंकि यह GDP की सभी अंतिम वस्तुओं को कवर करता है। परीक्षा में इसे CPI से अधिक व्यापक मानें।
A. क्योंकि यह मूल्य परिवर्तन के प्रभाव को हटाता है/Because it removes the effect of price changes
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows changes in actual output volume. In exams, do not treat price rise as real output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह मूल्य परिवर्तन के प्रभाव को हटाता है / Because it removes the effect of price changes. Real GDP shows changes in actual output volume. In exams, do not treat price rise as real output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP उत्पादन की वास्तविक मात्रा में बदलाव दिखाती है। परीक्षा में कीमत बढ़ने को वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ना न मानें।
A. कल्याण जरूरी नहीं कि बढ़े/Welfare may not necessarily increase
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production but does not fully show environmental costs. In exams, do not equate GDP and welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कल्याण जरूरी नहीं कि बढ़े / Welfare may not necessarily increase. GDP measures production but does not fully show environmental costs. In exams, do not equate GDP and welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP उत्पादन मापती है लेकिन पर्यावरणीय लागत पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाती। परीक्षा में GDP और कल्याण को समान न मानें।
A. क्योंकि उनका विश्वसनीय रिकॉर्ड और वैध मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है/Because reliable records and legal valuation are difficult
Step 1
Concept
Illegal activities are not included in official national income estimates. In exams, focus on legal and recorded production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका विश्वसनीय रिकॉर्ड और वैध मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है / Because reliable records and legal valuation are difficult. Illegal activities are not included in official national income estimates. In exams, focus on legal and recorded production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैध गतिविधियां राष्ट्रीय आय के आधिकारिक अनुमान में शामिल नहीं की जातीं। परीक्षा में वैध और रिकॉर्डेड उत्पादन पर ध्यान दें।
A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती/Because no current production service is received in return
Step 1
Concept
A transfer payment is a transfer of income, not a reward for production. In exams, treat pension and scholarship as transfer payments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती / Because no current production service is received in return. A transfer payment is a transfer of income, not a reward for production. In exams, treat pension and scholarship as transfer payments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payment आय का हस्तांतरण है, उत्पादन का प्रतिफल नहीं। परीक्षा में pension और scholarship को transfer payment समझें।
(GNP=GDP+NFIA), and negative NFIA works like subtraction. Pay attention to the sign in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP GDP से कम होगा / GNP will be less than GDP. (GNP=GDP+NFIA), and negative NFIA works like subtraction. Pay attention to the sign in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(GNP=GDP+NFIA) और ऋणात्मक NFIA घटाव जैसा कार्य करता है। परीक्षा में संकेत का ध्यान रखें।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है/Depreciation has not been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Gross means measurement before deducting depreciation. In exams, connect gross and net with depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है / Depreciation has not been deducted. Gross means measurement before deducting depreciation. In exams, connect gross and net with depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ है depreciation घटाने से पहले का माप। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से जोड़ें।
A. प्रति व्यक्ति GDP घट सकती है/Per capita GDP may fall
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. In exams, keep total growth and per capita growth separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रति व्यक्ति GDP घट सकती है / Per capita GDP may fall. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. In exams, keep total growth and per capita growth separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति GDP कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर मिलती है। परीक्षा में कुल वृद्धि और प्रति व्यक्ति वृद्धि अलग रखें।
A. उसके अंतिम उपयोग के आधार पर/On the basis of its final use
Step 1
Concept
The same good may be final or intermediate depending on use. In exams, use purpose as the basis of identification.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसके अंतिम उपयोग के आधार पर / On the basis of its final use. The same good may be final or intermediate depending on use. In exams, use purpose as the basis of identification.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक ही वस्तु उपयोग के अनुसार अंतिम या मध्यवर्ती हो सकती है। परीक्षा में उपयोग को पहचान का आधार बनाएं।
A. सरकारी अंतिम पूंजी निर्माण/Government final capital formation
Step 1
Concept
Bridge construction is final capital output. In exams, include government construction expenditure in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम पूंजी निर्माण / Government final capital formation. Bridge construction is final capital output. In exams, include government construction expenditure in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुल निर्माण पूंजीगत अंतिम उत्पादन है। परीक्षा में सरकारी निर्माण खर्च को GDP में शामिल मानें।
A. क्योंकि मकान आवास सेवा प्रदान करता है/Because the house provides housing service
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service whose imputed value is taken. In exams, treat imputed rent as included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि मकान आवास सेवा प्रदान करता है / Because the house provides housing service. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service whose imputed value is taken. In exams, treat imputed rent as included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्व-स्वामित्व मकान भी आवास सेवा देता है जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में imputed rent को शामिल मानें।
A. उन्हें निवेश में शामिल किया जाएगा/They are included in investment
Step 1
Concept
Unsold current year goods are treated as inventory investment. In exams, distinguish production from sales.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उन्हें निवेश में शामिल किया जाएगा / They are included in investment. Unsold current year goods are treated as inventory investment. In exams, distinguish production from sales.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बिना बिकी चालू वर्ष की वस्तुएं inventory investment मानी जाती हैं। परीक्षा में production को sales से अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू सीमा में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुएं हैं/Because they are final goods produced within domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
Exports are the external demand part of goods produced in the country. In exams, add exports and subtract imports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू सीमा में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुएं हैं / Because they are final goods produced within domestic territory. Exports are the external demand part of goods produced in the country. In exams, add exports and subtract imports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
निर्यात देश में उत्पादित वस्तुओं का बाहरी मांग भाग है। परीक्षा में exports जोड़ें और imports घटाएं।
A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because they are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Expenditure on imports relates to foreign production. In exams, treat (X-M) as net exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because they are not domestic production. Expenditure on imports relates to foreign production. In exams, treat (X-M) as net exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आयात पर किया गया खर्च विदेशी उत्पादन से संबंधित होता है। परीक्षा में (X-M) को शुद्ध निर्यात मानें।
A. जब वृद्धि केवल कीमतों के बढ़ने से हो/When increase is only due to rising prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is affected by both price and output. In exams, use real GDP to know output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वृद्धि केवल कीमतों के बढ़ने से हो / When increase is only due to rising prices. Nominal GDP is affected by both price and output. In exams, use real GDP to know output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP कीमत और उत्पादन दोनों से प्रभावित होती है। परीक्षा में output growth जानने के लिए real GDP देखें।
A. क्योंकि GDP बाजार मूल्य वाले उत्पादन को मापती है/Because GDP measures production with market value
Step 1
Concept
GDP does not measure all non-market aspects of welfare. In exams, place leisure under limitations of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP बाजार मूल्य वाले उत्पादन को मापती है / Because GDP measures production with market value. GDP does not measure all non-market aspects of welfare. In exams, place leisure under limitations of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP कल्याण के सभी गैर-बाजार पहलुओं को नहीं मापती। परीक्षा में leisure को GDP limitation में रखें।
A. क्योंकि इससे चालू उत्पादन नहीं बनता/Because it does not create current production
Step 1
Concept
Transfer of old financial assets is not production. In exams, brokerage service may be included separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे चालू उत्पादन नहीं बनता / Because it does not create current production. Transfer of old financial assets is not production. In exams, brokerage service may be included separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वित्तीय संपत्ति का हस्तांतरण उत्पादन नहीं है। परीक्षा में brokerage service को अलग से शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. Current prices चालू वर्ष की कीमतें लेते हैं, constant prices आधार वर्ष की कीमतें लेते हैं/Current prices use current year prices, constant prices use base year prices
Step 1
Concept
Current price GDP is called nominal GDP and constant price GDP is called real GDP. In exams, watch the term base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current prices चालू वर्ष की कीमतें लेते हैं, constant prices आधार वर्ष की कीमतें लेते हैं / Current prices use current year prices, constant prices use base year prices. Current price GDP is called nominal GDP and constant price GDP is called real GDP. In exams, watch the term base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current price GDP को nominal GDP और constant price GDP को real GDP कहते हैं। परीक्षा में आधार वर्ष शब्द पर ध्यान दें।
\(Real\ GDP=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{GDP\ Deflator}\times100=\frac{1200}{150}\times100=800\). In exams, deflator is based on 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 800. \(Real\ GDP=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{GDP\ Deflator}\times100=\frac{1200}{150}\times100=800\). In exams, deflator is based on 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(Real\ GDP=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{GDP\ Deflator}\times100=\frac{1200}{150}\times100=800\)। परीक्षा में deflator 100 के आधार पर होता है।
A. वे उस देश की घरेलू सीमा का भाग नहीं माने जाते/They are not treated as part of that country's domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
Foreign embassies are treated as economic territory of the foreign country concerned. Remember the concept of economic territory in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे उस देश की घरेलू सीमा का भाग नहीं माने जाते / They are not treated as part of that country's domestic territory. Foreign embassies are treated as economic territory of the foreign country concerned. Remember the concept of economic territory in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी दूतावास संबंधित विदेशी देश की आर्थिक सीमा माने जाते हैं। परीक्षा में economic territory की अवधारणा याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत की घरेलू सीमा के बाहर हुआ/Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory, not citizenship. In exams, think of foreign branch output under GNP-related adjustment, not GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत की घरेलू सीमा के बाहर हुआ / Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory. GDP is based on domestic territory, not citizenship. In exams, think of foreign branch output under GNP-related adjustment, not GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP नागरिकता नहीं, घरेलू सीमा पर आधारित होती है। परीक्षा में विदेशी शाखा का उत्पादन GDP में नहीं बल्कि GNP संबंधी समायोजन में सोचें।
Defense equipment purchased by government comes under final government expenditure. In exams, include final government purchases in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम व्यय / Government final expenditure. Defense equipment purchased by government comes under final government expenditure. In exams, include final government purchases in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार द्वारा खरीदे गए रक्षा उपकरण अंतिम सरकारी व्यय में आते हैं। परीक्षा में सरकार की अंतिम खरीद को GDP में शामिल रखें।
A. GDP का underestimation हो सकता है/GDP may be underestimated
Step 1
Concept
Unrecorded production may not fully enter official GDP. In exams, treat underground economy as a limitation of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP का underestimation हो सकता है / GDP may be underestimated. Unrecorded production may not fully enter official GDP. In exams, treat underground economy as a limitation of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अरिकॉर्डेड उत्पादन आधिकारिक GDP में पूरी तरह नहीं आ पाता। परीक्षा में underground economy को GDP limitation समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह अवैतनिक गैर-बाजार सेवा है/Because it is an unpaid non-market service
Step 1
Concept
GDP generally measures paid market services. In exams, keep unpaid voluntary services outside GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह अवैतनिक गैर-बाजार सेवा है / Because it is an unpaid non-market service. GDP generally measures paid market services. In exams, keep unpaid voluntary services outside GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में सामान्यतः बाजार में भुगतान वाली सेवाएं मापी जाती हैं। परीक्षा में unpaid voluntary services को बाहर रखें।
A. देश की GDP में शामिल होगी/It will be included in the country's GDP
Step 1
Concept
The service is produced within domestic territory, so it is included in GDP. In exams, check place of production, not buyer's nationality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की GDP में शामिल होगी / It will be included in the country's GDP. The service is produced within domestic territory, so it is included in GDP. In exams, check place of production, not buyer's nationality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सेवा घरेलू सीमा के अंदर उत्पादित हुई है इसलिए GDP में शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में खरीदार की राष्ट्रीयता नहीं, उत्पादन स्थल देखें।
A good used in further production is an intermediate good. Apply the end-use test in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. A good used in further production is an intermediate good. Apply the end-use test in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आगे उत्पादन में उपयोग होने वाली वस्तु intermediate good होती है। परीक्षा में end-use test लगाएं।
A. क्योंकि यह बाजार में बेची गई अंतिम सेवा है/Because it is a final service sold in the market
Step 1
Concept
Paid medical service is a current final service. In exams, include final services in GDP just like goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह बाजार में बेची गई अंतिम सेवा है / Because it is a final service sold in the market. Paid medical service is a current final service. In exams, include final services in GDP just like goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid medical service current final service है। परीक्षा में final services को भी goods की तरह GDP में शामिल मानें।
Value added is the difference between output value and intermediate consumption. Remember (Value\ Added=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Output value minus intermediate consumption. Value added is the difference between output value and intermediate consumption. Remember (Value\ Added=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added उत्पादन मूल्य और intermediate consumption के अंतर को कहते हैं। परीक्षा में (Value\ Added=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption) याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन का प्रतिफल नहीं है/Because it is not a reward for current production
Step 1
Concept
Capital gain is an increase in asset value, not current production. In exams, distinguish factor income from capital gain.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन का प्रतिफल नहीं है / Because it is not a reward for current production. Capital gain is an increase in asset value, not current production. In exams, distinguish factor income from capital gain.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital gain संपत्ति के मूल्य में वृद्धि है, चालू उत्पादन नहीं। परीक्षा में factor income और capital gain का अंतर रखें।
Real GDP allows comparison after removing price effects. In exams, choose constant price GDP for time-based comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real GDP. Real GDP allows comparison after removing price effects. In exams, choose constant price GDP for time-based comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP कीमतों के प्रभाव को हटाकर तुलना कराती है। परीक्षा में समय-आधारित तुलना के लिए constant price GDP चुनें।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादक सेवा के बदले कारक आय है/Because it is factor income for productive service
Step 1
Concept
A government employee provides services and salary is its reward. In exams, do not treat government salary as a transfer payment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादक सेवा के बदले कारक आय है / Because it is factor income for productive service. A government employee provides services and salary is its reward. In exams, do not treat government salary as a transfer payment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी कर्मचारी सेवाएं प्रदान करता है और वेतन उसका प्रतिफल है। परीक्षा में सरकारी वेतन को transfer payment न समझें।
A. GDP बढ़ सकती है लेकिन वास्तविक कल्याण जरूरी नहीं बढ़े/GDP may rise but actual welfare may not necessarily rise
Step 1
Concept
Reconstruction spending may raise production, but disaster losses reduce welfare. In exams, identify the limitation of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ सकती है लेकिन वास्तविक कल्याण जरूरी नहीं बढ़े / GDP may rise but actual welfare may not necessarily rise. Reconstruction spending may raise production, but disaster losses reduce welfare. In exams, identify the limitation of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुनर्निर्माण खर्च उत्पादन बढ़ा सकता है पर आपदा की हानि कल्याण घटाती है। परीक्षा में GDP limitation को पहचानें।
A. यह पूंजी के घिसावट को नहीं दिखाता/It does not show wear and tear of capital
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a gross measure, so it does not deduct capital consumption separately. In exams, deduct depreciation for a net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह पूंजी के घिसावट को नहीं दिखाता / It does not show wear and tear of capital. GDP is a gross measure, so it does not deduct capital consumption separately. In exams, deduct depreciation for a net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP gross measure है इसलिए capital consumption को अलग से नहीं घटाता। परीक्षा में net measure के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
B. आयात घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं इसलिए GDP में उन्हें घटाया जाता है/Imports are not domestic production, so they are subtracted in GDP
Step 1
Concept
Spending on imports does not show domestic production, so it is subtracted from GDP. In exams, do not forget to subtract imports in the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आयात घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं इसलिए GDP में उन्हें घटाया जाता है / Imports are not domestic production, so they are subtracted in GDP. Spending on imports does not show domestic production, so it is subtracted from GDP. In exams, do not forget to subtract imports in the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आयात पर खर्च घरेलू उत्पादन को नहीं दिखाता इसलिए GDP में उसे घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में expenditure method में imports को minus करना न भूलें।
C. इसे सकल घरेलू पूंजी निर्माण में शामिल किया जाएगा/It will be included in gross domestic capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included in investment. In exams, treat fixed capital formation as part of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. इसे सकल घरेलू पूंजी निर्माण में शामिल किया जाएगा / It will be included in gross domestic capital formation. A new machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included in investment. In exams, treat fixed capital formation as part of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन चालू वर्ष की पूंजीगत अंतिम वस्तु है इसलिए निवेश में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में fixed capital formation को GDP का हिस्सा मानें।
यदि किसी अर्थव्यवस्था में घरेलू सीमा के अंदर उत्पादन तो बढ़ा लेकिन अधिकांश लाभ विदेशी कंपनियों ने अपने देश भेज दिया, तो GDP के बारे में कौन-सा कथन सही है?
A. GDP बढ़ सकती है क्योंकि उत्पादन घरेलू सीमा में हुआ/GDP may rise because production occurred within domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory of production. In exams, understand the GDP and GNP difference through NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ सकती है क्योंकि उत्पादन घरेलू सीमा में हुआ / GDP may rise because production occurred within domestic territory. GDP is based on domestic territory of production. In exams, understand the GDP and GNP difference through NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP उत्पादन की घरेलू सीमा पर आधारित होती है। परीक्षा में GDP और GNP का अंतर NFIA से समझें।
Net indirect tax is (900-250=650), and \(GDP_{FC}=8400-650=7750\). In exams, calculate NIT first and then subtract it from market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 7750. Net indirect tax is (900-250=650), and \(GDP_{FC}=8400-650=7750\). In exams, calculate NIT first and then subtract it from market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (900-250=650) है और \(GDP_{FC}=8400-650=7750\)। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर market price से घटाएं।
B. डॉक्टर द्वारा क्लिनिक में शुल्क लेकर इलाज करना/A doctor treating a patient in a clinic for a fee
Step 1
Concept
A paid market service is included in GDP. In exams, keep unpaid household and voluntary services separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. डॉक्टर द्वारा क्लिनिक में शुल्क लेकर इलाज करना / A doctor treating a patient in a clinic for a fee. A paid market service is included in GDP. In exams, keep unpaid household and voluntary services separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भुगतान वाली बाजार सेवा GDP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में unpaid household और voluntary services को अलग रखें।
The value of intermediate goods is included in the final good. In exams, apply the final good test through end use.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. दोहरी गणना से बचना / To avoid double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in the final good. In exams, apply the final good test through end use.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तु में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में final good test को end use से लगाएं।
B. क्योंकि टायर का मूल्य कार के अंतिम मूल्य में शामिल है/Because tyre value is included in the final value of the car
Step 1
Concept
The tyre is an intermediate good in this situation. In exams, do not add raw material again in final output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि टायर का मूल्य कार के अंतिम मूल्य में शामिल है / Because tyre value is included in the final value of the car. The tyre is an intermediate good in this situation. In exams, do not add raw material again in final output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
टायर इस स्थिति में intermediate good है। परीक्षा में कच्चे माल को अंतिम उत्पादन में दोबारा न जोड़ें।
\(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100=\frac{15000}{12000}\times100=125\). In exams, the deflator indicates the price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 125. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100=\frac{15000}{12000}\times100=125\). In exams, the deflator indicates the price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100=\frac{15000}{12000}\times100=125\)। परीक्षा में deflator कीमत स्तर का संकेत देता है।
C. GDP बढ़ने से कल्याण बढ़ सकता है लेकिन हमेशा नहीं/GDP growth may increase welfare but not always
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows production but not aspects like distribution and environment. In exams, treat GDP as an incomplete indicator of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. GDP बढ़ने से कल्याण बढ़ सकता है लेकिन हमेशा नहीं / GDP growth may increase welfare but not always. GDP shows production but not aspects like distribution and environment. In exams, treat GDP as an incomplete indicator of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP उत्पादन बताती है लेकिन वितरण और पर्यावरण जैसी बातें नहीं बताती। परीक्षा में GDP को welfare का अपूर्ण सूचक मानें।
B. कीमतें बहुत बढ़ें और वास्तविक उत्पादन घटे/Prices rise sharply and real output falls
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is affected by both price and quantity. In exams, connect real GDP with actual output volume.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कीमतें बहुत बढ़ें और वास्तविक उत्पादन घटे / Prices rise sharply and real output falls. Nominal GDP is affected by both price and quantity. In exams, connect real GDP with actual output volume.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP कीमत और मात्रा दोनों से प्रभावित होती है। परीक्षा में real GDP को उत्पादन की वास्तविक मात्रा से जोड़ें।
C. इसे GDP में directly नहीं जोड़ा जाएगा/It will not be directly added to GDP
Step 1
Concept
Unemployment allowance is a transfer payment and not payment against production. In exams, treat allowances and pensions as transfer payments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. इसे GDP में directly नहीं जोड़ा जाएगा / It will not be directly added to GDP. Unemployment allowance is a transfer payment and not payment against production. In exams, treat allowances and pensions as transfer payments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बेरोजगारी भत्ता transfer payment है और उत्पादन के बदले भुगतान नहीं है। परीक्षा में allowance और pension को transfer payment मानें।
A. क्योंकि उसका उपयोग बदल सकता है/Because its use can change
Step 1
Concept
Whether a good is final or intermediate depends on its end use. In exams, see the use, not only the name of the good.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका उपयोग बदल सकता है / Because its use can change. Whether a good is final or intermediate depends on its end use. In exams, see the use, not only the name of the good.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वस्तु का अंतिम या मध्यवर्ती होना उसके end use पर निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में वस्तु का नाम नहीं, उपयोग देखें।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Purchase of a new consumer durable by a household comes under private final consumption. In exams, place household final purchases under consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. Purchase of a new consumer durable by a household comes under private final consumption. In exams, place household final purchases under consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार द्वारा नई उपभोक्ता टिकाऊ वस्तु की खरीद private final consumption में आती है। परीक्षा में household final purchases को consumption में रखें।
B. क्योंकि वे चालू उत्पादन हैं और inventory investment माने जाते हैं/Because they are current output and treated as inventory investment
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production, not only sales. In exams, connect unsold goods with change in stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि वे चालू उत्पादन हैं और inventory investment माने जाते हैं / Because they are current output and treated as inventory investment. GDP measures production, not only sales. In exams, connect unsold goods with change in stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP उत्पादन को मापती है, केवल बिक्री को नहीं। परीक्षा में unsold goods को change in stock से जोड़ें।
B. एक पुराने मकान की पुनर्विक्रय राशि/Resale value of an old house
Step 1
Concept
Resale value of an old house is not current production. In exams, distinguish between resale value and brokerage service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. एक पुराने मकान की पुनर्विक्रय राशि / Resale value of an old house. Resale value of an old house is not current production. In exams, distinguish between resale value and brokerage service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने मकान की पुनर्विक्रय राशि चालू उत्पादन नहीं है। परीक्षा में resale value और brokerage service में अंतर रखें।
A. वे market price को factor cost से ऊपर कर सकते हैं/They can make market price higher than factor cost
Step 1
Concept
Indirect taxes raise the market price paid by consumers. In exams, remember the opposite effect of subsidy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे market price को factor cost से ऊपर कर सकते हैं / They can make market price higher than factor cost. Indirect taxes raise the market price paid by consumers. In exams, remember the opposite effect of subsidy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Indirect taxes उपभोक्ता द्वारा चुकाई गई market price को बढ़ाते हैं। परीक्षा में subsidy का विपरीत प्रभाव याद रखें।
B. GDP at factor cost market price से अधिक हो सकता है/GDP at factor cost may be higher than market price
Step 1
Concept
When subsidy exceeds indirect taxes, NIT becomes negative. In exams, watch the sign in \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. GDP at factor cost market price से अधिक हो सकता है / GDP at factor cost may be higher than market price. When subsidy exceeds indirect taxes, NIT becomes negative. In exams, watch the sign in \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब subsidy indirect taxes से अधिक हो तो NIT ऋणात्मक हो जाता है। परीक्षा में \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) का संकेत ध्यान रखें।
B. GDP का पर्यावरणीय लागत को पूरी तरह न मापना/GDP not fully measuring environmental cost
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows production but not full damage to natural capital. In exams, remember GDP limitation for sustainable welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. GDP का पर्यावरणीय लागत को पूरी तरह न मापना / GDP not fully measuring environmental cost. GDP shows production but not full damage to natural capital. In exams, remember GDP limitation for sustainable welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP उत्पादन दिखाती है पर प्राकृतिक पूंजी की क्षति पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाती। परीक्षा में sustainable welfare के लिए GDP limitation याद रखें।
A. मालिक द्वारा स्वयं उपयोग किए गए मकान की आवास सेवा/Housing service of an owner-occupied house
Step 1
Concept
Imputed rent of housing service of an owner-occupied house may be added. In exams, treat imputed rent as an included item.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मालिक द्वारा स्वयं उपयोग किए गए मकान की आवास सेवा / Housing service of an owner-occupied house. Imputed rent of housing service of an owner-occupied house may be added. In exams, treat imputed rent as an included item.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner occupied house की housing service का अनुमानित किराया जोड़ा जा सकता है। परीक्षा में imputed rent को शामिल मद मानें।
B. निर्यात के रूप में जोड़ा जाता है/It is added as export
Step 1
Concept
Export is foreign demand for domestic output. In exams, add exports in GDP expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. निर्यात के रूप में जोड़ा जाता है / It is added as export. Export is foreign demand for domestic output. In exams, add exports in GDP expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
निर्यात घरेलू उत्पादन पर विदेशी मांग है। परीक्षा में exports को GDP expenditure में जोड़ें।
C. imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं होते/Imports are not domestic output
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures domestic output, so foreign output is removed. In exams, remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं होते / Imports are not domestic output. GDP measures domestic output, so foreign output is removed. In exams, remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP घरेलू उत्पादन मापती है इसलिए विदेशी उत्पादन हटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में (X-M) को net exports के रूप में याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि GDP घरेलू सीमा पर आधारित है/Because GDP is based on domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
India's GDP includes production within India's domestic territory. In exams, connect income from abroad with NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP घरेलू सीमा पर आधारित है / Because GDP is based on domestic territory. India's GDP includes production within India's domestic territory. In exams, connect income from abroad with NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भारत की GDP में भारत की घरेलू सीमा के अंदर उत्पादन शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में विदेश से आय को NFIA से जोड़ें।
B. किसान द्वारा बाजार में बेचा गया चालू वर्ष का गेहूं/Current year wheat sold by a farmer in the market
Step 1
Concept
Current year wheat produced and sold is included in GDP. In exams, distinguish transfer receipts from current output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. किसान द्वारा बाजार में बेचा गया चालू वर्ष का गेहूं / Current year wheat sold by a farmer in the market. Current year wheat produced and sold is included in GDP. In exams, distinguish transfer receipts from current output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
चालू वर्ष में उत्पादित और बेचा गया गेहूं GDP में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में transfer receipts और current output का अंतर रखें।
C. उत्पादन में लगे श्रमिकों की मजदूरी/Wages of workers engaged in production
Step 1
Concept
Wage is a reward for factor service in production. In exams, do not treat capital gain and transfer receipt as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. उत्पादन में लगे श्रमिकों की मजदूरी / Wages of workers engaged in production. Wage is a reward for factor service in production. In exams, do not treat capital gain and transfer receipt as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी उत्पादन में कारक सेवा का प्रतिफल है। परीक्षा में capital gain और transfer receipt को factor income न मानें।
GDP is a gross measure because capital consumption is not deducted. In exams, distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. Gross measure. GDP is a gross measure because capital consumption is not deducted. In exams, distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP gross measure है क्योंकि capital consumption घटाया नहीं जाता। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से करें।
B. कल्याण का निष्कर्ष केवल GDP से नहीं निकाला जा सकता/Welfare cannot be concluded from GDP alone
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total output but not distribution. In exams, connect inequality with GDP limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कल्याण का निष्कर्ष केवल GDP से नहीं निकाला जा सकता / Welfare cannot be concluded from GDP alone. GDP shows total output but not distribution. In exams, connect inequality with GDP limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP कुल उत्पादन बताती है लेकिन वितरण नहीं बताती। परीक्षा में inequality को GDP limitation से जोड़ें।
A. जब कुछ उत्पादन underground economy में record न हो/When some production in the underground economy is not recorded
Step 1
Concept
Unrecorded legal or illegal production may not enter official GDP. In exams, treat non-recorded activities as a measurement problem.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब कुछ उत्पादन underground economy में record न हो / When some production in the underground economy is not recorded. Unrecorded legal or illegal production may not enter official GDP. In exams, treat non-recorded activities as a measurement problem.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unrecorded legal या illegal production official GDP में नहीं आ पाता। परीक्षा में non-recorded activities को measurement problem समझें।
B. यह सामान्यतः intermediate consumption की तरह माना जा सकता है/It can generally be treated as intermediate consumption
Step 1
Concept
Routine repair can be an intermediate cost of the current production process. In exams, distinguish new capital formation from maintenance repair.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. यह सामान्यतः intermediate consumption की तरह माना जा सकता है / It can generally be treated as intermediate consumption. Routine repair can be an intermediate cost of the current production process. In exams, distinguish new capital formation from maintenance repair.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Routine repair वर्तमान उत्पादन प्रक्रिया की intermediate cost हो सकती है। परीक्षा में नई capital formation और maintenance repair में अंतर रखें।
A. निवेश या fixed capital formation/Investment or fixed capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new building is a final capital asset of the current year. In exams, include residential construction in capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निवेश या fixed capital formation / Investment or fixed capital formation. A new building is a final capital asset of the current year. In exams, include residential construction in capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया भवन चालू वर्ष की final capital asset है। परीक्षा में residential construction को capital formation में शामिल करें।
In the expenditure method, consumption, investment, government expenditure, and net exports are added. In exams, subtract imports from exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GDP=C+I+G+(X-M)). In the expenditure method, consumption, investment, government expenditure, and net exports are added. In exams, subtract imports from exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports जोड़े जाते हैं। परीक्षा में imports को exports से घटाएं।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादक सेवा के बदले factor income है/Because it is factor income against productive service
Step 1
Concept
A teacher provides education service, so salary is factor income. In exams, keep salary separate from transfer payment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादक सेवा के बदले factor income है / Because it is factor income against productive service. A teacher provides education service, so salary is factor income. In exams, keep salary separate from transfer payment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शिक्षक शिक्षा सेवा प्रदान करता है इसलिए वेतन factor income है। परीक्षा में salary को transfer payment से अलग रखें।
B. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
Resale of an old good does not create new production. In exams, remember the current production rule.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. Resale of an old good does not create new production. In exams, remember the current production rule.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु की resale से नया उत्पादन नहीं बनता। परीक्षा में current production rule याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि brokerage चालू वर्ष की सेवा है/Because brokerage is a current year service
Step 1
Concept
The value of old asset is not included, but the broker's current service may be included. In exams, separate asset transfer from service charge.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि brokerage चालू वर्ष की सेवा है / Because brokerage is a current year service. The value of old asset is not included, but the broker's current service may be included. In exams, separate asset transfer from service charge.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी संपत्ति का मूल्य शामिल नहीं होता लेकिन broker की वर्तमान सेवा शामिल हो सकती है। परीक्षा में asset transfer और service charge अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि GDP एक समय अवधि में नए उत्पादन को मापती है/Because GDP measures new production during a period
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a flow concept that measures output during a year or period. In exams, remember the difference between stock and flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP एक समय अवधि में नए उत्पादन को मापती है / Because GDP measures new production during a period. GDP is a flow concept that measures output during a year or period. In exams, remember the difference between stock and flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP flow concept है जो एक वर्ष या अवधि के उत्पादन को मापती है। परीक्षा में stock और flow का अंतर याद रखें।
B. Real GDP लगभग अपरिवर्तित रह सकती है/Real GDP may remain nearly unchanged
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP may rise due to price rise, but real output need not rise. In exams, connect real GDP with constant prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. Real GDP लगभग अपरिवर्तित रह सकती है / Real GDP may remain nearly unchanged. Nominal GDP may rise due to price rise, but real output need not rise. In exams, connect real GDP with constant prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कीमत बढ़ने से nominal GDP बढ़ सकती है लेकिन real output जरूरी नहीं बढ़े। परीक्षा में real GDP को constant prices से जोड़ें।
A. भुगतान रहित digital service का मूल्यांकन कठिन होना/Difficulty in valuing unpaid digital service
Step 1
Concept
Free non-market digital services may not fully enter GDP. In exams, treat non-market production as a GDP limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. भुगतान रहित digital service का मूल्यांकन कठिन होना / Difficulty in valuing unpaid digital service. Free non-market digital services may not fully enter GDP. In exams, treat non-market production as a GDP limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मुफ्त non-market digital services का मूल्य GDP में पूरी तरह नहीं आ सकता। परीक्षा में non-market production को GDP limitation समझें।
A. जनसंख्या बहुत तेजी से बढ़े/Population grows very fast
Step 1
Concept
Fast population growth can reduce per capita GDP. In exams, use per capita real GDP for living standard.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जनसंख्या बहुत तेजी से बढ़े / Population grows very fast. Fast population growth can reduce per capita GDP. In exams, use per capita real GDP for living standard.
Step 3
Exam Tip
तेज population growth से per capita GDP कम हो सकती है। परीक्षा में living standard के लिए per capita real GDP देखें।
A. देश की GDP में शामिल होगी/It will be included in the country's GDP
Step 1
Concept
Even if foreign-owned, a service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP. In exams, see location of production, not ownership.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की GDP में शामिल होगी / It will be included in the country's GDP. Even if foreign-owned, a service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP. In exams, see location of production, not ownership.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी स्वामित्व होने पर भी घरेलू सीमा में दी गई सेवा GDP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में ownership नहीं, location of production देखें।
A. सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण/Government capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new hospital building is a final capital asset. In exams, include public infrastructure construction in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण / Government capital formation. A new hospital building is a final capital asset. In exams, include public infrastructure construction in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया अस्पताल भवन final capital asset है। परीक्षा में public infrastructure निर्माण को GDP में शामिल करें।
C. प्रत्येक उत्पादक का output minus intermediate consumption लें/Take output minus intermediate consumption for each producer
Step 1
Concept
Gross value added is obtained by subtracting intermediate consumption from output. In exams, add value added to prevent double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. प्रत्येक उत्पादक का output minus intermediate consumption लें / Take output minus intermediate consumption for each producer. Gross value added is obtained by subtracting intermediate consumption from output. In exams, add value added to prevent double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross value added output से intermediate consumption घटाकर मिलता है। परीक्षा में double counting रोकने के लिए value added जोड़ें।
A. कानूनी और विश्वसनीय record की कमी/Lack of legal and reliable records
Step 1
Concept
Official valuation of illegal activities is difficult and unacceptable. In exams, keep illegal income outside GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कानूनी और विश्वसनीय record की कमी / Lack of legal and reliable records. Official valuation of illegal activities is difficult and unacceptable. In exams, keep illegal income outside GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैध गतिविधियों का official valuation कठिन और अस्वीकार्य होता है। परीक्षा में illegal income को GDP से बाहर रखें।
A. घरेलू GDP में शामिल होगी/It will be included in domestic GDP
Step 1
Concept
The service is produced within domestic territory, so it is included in GDP. In exams, focus more on economic territory than producer nationality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू GDP में शामिल होगी / It will be included in domestic GDP. The service is produced within domestic territory, so it is included in GDP. In exams, focus more on economic territory than producer nationality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सेवा घरेलू सीमा में उत्पादित हुई है इसलिए GDP में शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में producer की nationality से ज्यादा economic territory देखें।
A. Compensation of employees का भाग/Part of compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Production-linked bonus is a reward for labour service. In exams, treat production-linked employee payments as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Compensation of employees का भाग / Part of compensation of employees. Production-linked bonus is a reward for labour service. In exams, treat production-linked employee payments as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उत्पादन से जुड़ा बोनस श्रम सेवा का प्रतिफल है। परीक्षा में production-linked employee payments को factor income मानें।
A. Consumption में आएगा और imports में घटेगा/It enters consumption and is subtracted under imports
Step 1
Concept
Spending on an imported good may appear in consumption but is subtracted as imports because it is not domestic output. In exams, understand import leakage.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Consumption में आएगा और imports में घटेगा / It enters consumption and is subtracted under imports. Spending on an imported good may appear in consumption but is subtracted as imports because it is not domestic output. In exams, understand import leakage.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imported good पर खर्च consumption में दिख सकता है पर domestic output न होने से imports में घटता है। परीक्षा में import leakage को समझें।
B. प्रदूषण फैलाने वाले कारखानों का output बढ़ना/Output of polluting factories increases
Step 1
Concept
Polluting production may raise GDP but harm health and environment. In exams, connect negative externality with GDP limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रदूषण फैलाने वाले कारखानों का output बढ़ना / Output of polluting factories increases. Polluting production may raise GDP but harm health and environment. In exams, connect negative externality with GDP limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रदूषणकारी उत्पादन GDP बढ़ा सकता है पर स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण को नुकसान दे सकता है। परीक्षा में negative externality को GDP limitation से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह एक निश्चित समय अवधि में उत्पादन मापती है/Because it measures production during a specific period
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures output during a time period such as a year. In exams, identify flow variables by the phrase per period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह एक निश्चित समय अवधि में उत्पादन मापती है / Because it measures production during a specific period. GDP measures output during a time period such as a year. In exams, identify flow variables by the phrase per period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP समय अवधि जैसे एक वर्ष में हुए output का माप है। परीक्षा में flow variables को per period शब्द से पहचानें।
A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत की घरेलू सीमा में हुआ है/Because production occurred within India's domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production within domestic territory. In exams, see place of production, not ownership.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत की घरेलू सीमा में हुआ है / Because production occurred within India's domestic territory. GDP measures production within domestic territory. In exams, see place of production, not ownership.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP घरेलू सीमा में हुए उत्पादन को मापती है। परीक्षा में ownership नहीं बल्कि place of production देखें।
NIT is (1000-350=650), and \(GDP_{FC}=12500-650=11850\). In exams, subtract NIT while moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 11850. NIT is (1000-350=650), and \(GDP_{FC}=12500-650=11850\). In exams, subtract NIT while moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (1000-350=650) है और \(GDP_{FC}=12500-650=11850\)। परीक्षा में market price से factor cost में जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
B. परिवार द्वारा शुल्क देकर ली गई legal advice/Legal advice bought by a household for a fee
Step 1
Concept
Paid legal service bought by a household for final use is included in GDP. In exams, treat final consumer services as included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. परिवार द्वारा शुल्क देकर ली गई legal advice / Legal advice bought by a household for a fee. Paid legal service bought by a household for final use is included in GDP. In exams, treat final consumer services as included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार द्वारा final use के लिए खरीदी गई paid legal service GDP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में final consumer service को शामिल मानें।
B. आटा मिल द्वारा आटा बनाने के लिए खरीदा गया/Bought by a flour mill to make flour
Step 1
Concept
Wheat is an input for further production when used to make flour. In exams, decide final or intermediate by the use of the good.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आटा मिल द्वारा आटा बनाने के लिए खरीदा गया / Bought by a flour mill to make flour. Wheat is an input for further production when used to make flour. In exams, decide final or intermediate by the use of the good.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आटा बनाने में गेहूं आगे उत्पादन के लिए input है। परीक्षा में वस्तु का उपयोग देखकर final या intermediate तय करें।
B. प्रत्येक उत्पादन चरण का केवल value added/Only value added at each production stage
Step 1
Concept
The value added method adds output minus intermediate consumption. In exams, it prevents repeated counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रत्येक उत्पादन चरण का केवल value added / Only value added at each production stage. The value added method adds output minus intermediate consumption. In exams, it prevents repeated counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added method output से intermediate consumption घटाकर जोड़ता है। परीक्षा में इससे repeated counting रुकती है।
B. GDP non-market productive services को पूरा नहीं मापती/GDP does not fully measure non-market productive services
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services are useful but not market transactions. In exams, treat unpaid work as a GDP limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. GDP non-market productive services को पूरा नहीं मापती / GDP does not fully measure non-market productive services. Unpaid household services are useful but not market transactions. In exams, treat unpaid work as a GDP limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मुफ्त घरेलू सेवाएं उपयोगी होती हैं लेकिन बाजार लेन-देन नहीं होतीं। परीक्षा में unpaid work को GDP limitation मानें।
A. क्योंकि subsidy उत्पादन के बदले खरीदी गई final good नहीं है/Because subsidy is not a final good purchased against production
Step 1
Concept
Subsidy comes in the adjustment between market price and factor cost. In exams, subsidy is deducted in NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि subsidy उत्पादन के बदले खरीदी गई final good नहीं है / Because subsidy is not a final good purchased against production. Subsidy comes in the adjustment between market price and factor cost. In exams, subsidy is deducted in NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidy market price और factor cost के adjustment में आती है। परीक्षा में subsidy को NIT में घटाते हैं।
B. इस वर्ष उत्पादित और बेची गई नई मशीन/A new machine produced and sold this year
Step 1
Concept
A new machine is a current year final capital good. In exams, separate the current production rule from resale.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. इस वर्ष उत्पादित और बेची गई नई मशीन / A new machine produced and sold this year. A new machine is a current year final capital good. In exams, separate the current production rule from resale.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन चालू वर्ष की capital final good है। परीक्षा में current production rule को resale से अलग रखें।
A. भारत की GDP में शामिल होगा/It will be included in India's GDP
Step 1
Concept
The handicraft is a final good produced within India's domestic territory. In exams, do not get confused by the buyer's nationality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. भारत की GDP में शामिल होगा / It will be included in India's GDP. The handicraft is a final good produced within India's domestic territory. In exams, do not get confused by the buyer's nationality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हस्तशिल्प भारत की घरेलू सीमा में उत्पादित final good है। परीक्षा में buyer की nationality से भ्रमित न हों।
B. कल्याण का निष्कर्ष सावधानी से निकालना चाहिए/Welfare should be concluded cautiously
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows output but not fully social priorities and security costs. In exams, distinguish GDP growth from welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कल्याण का निष्कर्ष सावधानी से निकालना चाहिए / Welfare should be concluded cautiously. GDP shows output but not fully social priorities and security costs. In exams, distinguish GDP growth from welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output दिखाती है पर सामाजिक प्राथमिकताओं और सुरक्षा लागत को पूर्णतः नहीं बताती। परीक्षा में GDP growth और welfare को अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि commission चालू सेवा का भुगतान है/Because commission is payment for a current service
Step 1
Concept
Transfer of old financial assets is not output, but brokerage is a current service. In exams, keep asset value and service fee separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि commission चालू सेवा का भुगतान है / Because commission is payment for a current service. Transfer of old financial assets is not output, but brokerage is a current service. In exams, keep asset value and service fee separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी financial asset का transfer output नहीं है लेकिन brokerage current service है। परीक्षा में asset value और service fee अलग रखें।
Old age pension is not payment against production service. In exams, do not treat pension as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वृद्धावस्था पेंशन / Old age pension. Old age pension is not payment against production service. In exams, do not treat pension as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वृद्धावस्था पेंशन उत्पादन सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं है। परीक्षा में pension को factor income न मानें।
A. इसमें depreciation घटाया नहीं जाता/Depreciation is not deducted in it
Step 1
Concept
In a gross measure, output is taken before deducting fixed capital consumption. In exams, depreciation is the basis of gross and net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसमें depreciation घटाया नहीं जाता / Depreciation is not deducted in it. In a gross measure, output is taken before deducting fixed capital consumption. In exams, depreciation is the basis of gross and net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross measure में fixed capital consumption घटाने से पहले output लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में gross और net का आधार depreciation है।
B. कल्याण जरूरी नहीं कि उसी अनुपात में बढ़ा हो/Welfare may not have risen in the same proportion
Step 1
Concept
GDP does not directly measure the loss of leisure time. In exams, treat non-monetary welfare factors as limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कल्याण जरूरी नहीं कि उसी अनुपात में बढ़ा हो / Welfare may not have risen in the same proportion. GDP does not directly measure the loss of leisure time. In exams, treat non-monetary welfare factors as limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP leisure time के नुकसान को सीधे नहीं मापती। परीक्षा में non-monetary welfare factors को limitation मानें।
A. Depreciation और net indirect taxes/Depreciation and net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation-NIT\). In exams, apply both net and factor cost adjustments together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation और net indirect taxes / Depreciation and net indirect taxes. \(NDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation-NIT\). In exams, apply both net and factor cost adjustments together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation-NIT\)। परीक्षा में net और factor cost दोनों adjustment साथ करें।
A. क्योंकि वह आवास सेवा प्रदान करता है/Because it provides housing service
Step 1
Concept
The estimated value of housing service of one's own house can be taken. In exams, treat imputed rent as an included item.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह आवास सेवा प्रदान करता है / Because it provides housing service. The estimated value of housing service of one's own house can be taken. In exams, treat imputed rent as an included item.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के मकान की housing service का अनुमानित मूल्य लिया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में imputed rent को included item मानें।
Reliable and legal measurement of illegal activities is difficult. In exams, keep illegal income outside GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. illegal drug trade income. Reliable and legal measurement of illegal activities is difficult. In exams, keep illegal income outside GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैध गतिविधियों का विश्वसनीय और वैध मापन कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में illegal income को GDP से बाहर रखें।
A country's embassy located abroad is treated as part of its own economic territory. In exams, remember economic territory in embassy questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. भारत की / India's. A country's embassy located abroad is treated as part of its own economic territory. In exams, remember economic territory in embassy questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश में स्थित अपना embassy economic territory में अपने देश का भाग माना जाता है। परीक्षा में embassy वाले प्रश्नों में economic territory याद रखें।
A. यह consumption में आता है और imports में घटता है/It enters consumption and is deducted under imports
Step 1
Concept
An imported item may appear in household consumption but is deducted under imports because it is not domestic output. In exams, understand import adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह consumption में आता है और imports में घटता है / It enters consumption and is deducted under imports. An imported item may appear in household consumption but is deducted under imports because it is not domestic output. In exams, understand import adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imported item household consumption में दिख सकता है लेकिन domestic output नहीं है इसलिए imports में घटता है। परीक्षा में import adjustment को समझें।
NIT is (700-100=600), and \(GDP_{MP}=9800+600=10400\). In exams, add NIT while moving from factor cost to market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 10400. NIT is (700-100=600), and \(GDP_{MP}=9800+600=10400\). In exams, add NIT while moving from factor cost to market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (700-100=600) है और \(GDP_{MP}=9800+600=10400\)। परीक्षा में factor cost से market price में NIT जोड़ें।
A. कुल उत्पादन को जनसंख्या के सापेक्ष समझना/To understand total output relative to population
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP indicates average output or income. In exams, connect it with GDP divided by population.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुल उत्पादन को जनसंख्या के सापेक्ष समझना / To understand total output relative to population. Per capita GDP indicates average output or income. In exams, connect it with GDP divided by population.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP औसत उत्पादन या आय का संकेत देता है। परीक्षा में इसे GDP divided by population से जोड़ें।
A. यह चालू उत्पादन का प्रतिफल नहीं है/It is not a reward for current production
Step 1
Concept
Capital gain is an increase in asset price, not production income. In exams, keep factor income and capital gain separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह चालू उत्पादन का प्रतिफल नहीं है / It is not a reward for current production. Capital gain is an increase in asset price, not production income. In exams, keep factor income and capital gain separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital gain asset price में वृद्धि है, production income नहीं। परीक्षा में factor income और capital gain अलग रखें।
B. transfer payment होने से सीधे शामिल नहीं/Not directly included because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is not a payment against production service. In exams, treat scholarship as a transfer payment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. transfer payment होने से सीधे शामिल नहीं / Not directly included because it is a transfer payment. Scholarship is not a payment against production service. In exams, treat scholarship as a transfer payment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship उत्पादन सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं होती। परीक्षा में छात्रवृत्ति को transfer payment समझें।
A. Government final consumption में वस्तु या सेवा खरीदी जाती है/In government final consumption, a good or service is purchased
Step 1
Concept
When government buys a good or service, it is final expenditure. In exams, treat payment without quid pro quo as transfer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Government final consumption में वस्तु या सेवा खरीदी जाती है / In government final consumption, a good or service is purchased. When government buys a good or service, it is final expenditure. In exams, treat payment without quid pro quo as transfer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार जब सेवा या वस्तु खरीदती है तो final expenditure होता है। परीक्षा में बिना बदले भुगतान को transfer मानें।
A. exports imports से कम हैं/Exports are less than imports
Step 1
Concept
Net exports is (X-M), and it becomes negative when imports are higher. In exams, treat negative net exports as reducing GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. exports imports से कम हैं / Exports are less than imports. Net exports is (X-M), and it becomes negative when imports are higher. In exams, treat negative net exports as reducing GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net exports (X-M) है और imports अधिक होने पर यह negative होता है। परीक्षा में negative net exports को GDP से घटता हुआ मानें।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन शायद उतना नहीं बढ़ा हो/Real output may not have risen as much
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP also rises due to prices. In exams, look at constant price GDP for real output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन शायद उतना नहीं बढ़ा हो / Real output may not have risen as much. Nominal GDP also rises due to prices. In exams, look at constant price GDP for real output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP कीमतों से भी बढ़ती है। परीक्षा में real output के लिए constant price GDP देखें।
A. GDP income distribution नहीं बताती/GDP does not show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total output, not distribution of income. In exams, place inequality under welfare limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP income distribution नहीं बताती / GDP does not show income distribution. GDP shows total output, not distribution of income. In exams, place inequality under welfare limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP कुल उत्पादन बताती है, आय का वितरण नहीं। परीक्षा में inequality को welfare limitation में रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production और inventory है/Because it is current production and inventory
Step 1
Concept
Unsold current output is treated as change in stock or inventory investment. In exams, separate production and sales.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production और inventory है / Because it is current production and inventory. Unsold current output is treated as change in stock or inventory investment. In exams, separate production and sales.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold current output change in stock या inventory investment माना जाता है। परीक्षा में production और sales अलग रखें।
A. जब उसका उचित मूल्यांकन संभव हो/When its reasonable valuation is possible
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed output may be included if its imputed value is available. In exams, remember the condition of valuation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब उसका उचित मूल्यांकन संभव हो / When its reasonable valuation is possible. Self-consumed output may be included if its imputed value is available. In exams, remember the condition of valuation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्व-उपभोग output का अनुमानित मूल्य उपलब्ध हो तो उसे शामिल किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में valuation की शर्त याद रखें।
A. खर्च GDP बढ़ा सकता है लेकिन pollution damage welfare घटा सकता है/Expenditure may raise GDP but pollution damage may reduce welfare
Step 1
Concept
GDP may show cleanup activity as output but not fully show damage. In exams, treat environmental cost as a limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. खर्च GDP बढ़ा सकता है लेकिन pollution damage welfare घटा सकता है / Expenditure may raise GDP but pollution damage may reduce welfare. GDP may show cleanup activity as output but not fully show damage. In exams, treat environmental cost as a limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP cleanup activity को output के रूप में दिखा सकती है पर नुकसान को पूरा नहीं दिखाती। परीक्षा में environmental cost को limitation मानें।
\(Nominal\ GDP=\frac{Real\ GDP\times Deflator}{100}=22000\). In exams, the deflator formula can be used in both directions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 22000. \(Nominal\ GDP=\frac{Real\ GDP\times Deflator}{100}=22000\). In exams, the deflator formula can be used in both directions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(Nominal\ GDP=\frac{Real\ GDP\times Deflator}{100}=22000\)। परीक्षा में deflator formula दोनों दिशा में लगा सकते हैं।
A. कंपनी द्वारा नई मशीन खरीदना/A company buying a new machine
Step 1
Concept
A new machine is a productive fixed asset and comes under investment. In exams, connect capital formation with final capital goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कंपनी द्वारा नई मशीन खरीदना / A company buying a new machine. A new machine is a productive fixed asset and comes under investment. In exams, connect capital formation with final capital goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन productive fixed asset है और investment में आती है। परीक्षा में capital formation को final capital goods से जोड़ें।
A. repair intermediate cost हो सकती है जबकि new machine capital formation है/Repair may be intermediate cost while new machine is capital formation
Step 1
Concept
Maintenance repair keeps an old asset running, while a new machine adds capacity. In exams, separate replacement and routine maintenance.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. repair intermediate cost हो सकती है जबकि new machine capital formation है / Repair may be intermediate cost while new machine is capital formation. Maintenance repair keeps an old asset running, while a new machine adds capacity. In exams, separate replacement and routine maintenance.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Maintenance repair पुराने asset को चालू रखती है, नई मशीन capacity जोड़ती है। परीक्षा में replacement और routine maintenance अलग करें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की paid educational service है/Because it is a current year paid educational service
Step 1
Concept
Paid educational service is a market transaction and is included in GDP. In exams, treat service output like goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की paid educational service है / Because it is a current year paid educational service. Paid educational service is a market transaction and is included in GDP. In exams, treat service output like goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid educational service market transaction है और GDP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में service output को goods की तरह मानें।
A. उत्पादन कारकों को मिले प्रतिफल से/Rewards received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. In exams, remember NIT as the difference between market price and factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारकों को मिले प्रतिफल से / Rewards received by factors of production. Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. In exams, remember NIT as the difference between market price and factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost उत्पादन कारकों को मिलने वाली आय पर आधारित है। परीक्षा में market price और factor cost में NIT का अंतर याद रखें।
A. कीमतों में भारी गिरावट और output में वृद्धि/A sharp fall in prices and a rise in output
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output quantity while nominal GDP is affected by current prices. In exams, understand the deflation situation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में भारी गिरावट और output में वृद्धि / A sharp fall in prices and a rise in output. Real GDP shows output quantity while nominal GDP is affected by current prices. In exams, understand the deflation situation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP output quantity दिखाती है जबकि nominal GDP current prices से प्रभावित होती है। परीक्षा में deflation वाली स्थिति समझें।
A. compensation of employees का भाग/Part of compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Overtime payment is a reward for labour service. In exams, include production-linked wage payments in factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. compensation of employees का भाग / Part of compensation of employees. Overtime payment is a reward for labour service. In exams, include production-linked wage payments in factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Overtime payment श्रम सेवा का प्रतिफल है। परीक्षा में production-linked wage payments को factor income में रखें।
A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Final purchases by government for providing public services enter GDP expenditure. In exams, distinguish government purchases from transfers.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. Final purchases by government for providing public services enter GDP expenditure. In exams, distinguish government purchases from transfers.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार द्वारा public service देने के लिए final purchase GDP expenditure में आती है। परीक्षा में government purchases और transfers में अंतर करें।
A. प्राकृतिक संसाधन क्षय को पूरा न दिखाना/Not fully showing depletion of natural resources
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows production but does not fully adjust natural capital loss. In exams, connect this with the need for green GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्राकृतिक संसाधन क्षय को पूरा न दिखाना / Not fully showing depletion of natural resources. GDP shows production but does not fully adjust natural capital loss. In exams, connect this with the need for green GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP production दिखाती है लेकिन natural capital loss का पूरा adjustment नहीं करती। परीक्षा में green GDP की आवश्यकता से इसे जोड़ें।
A. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाई गई कीमत जिसमें indirect tax और subsidy का प्रभाव हो/Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect tax and subsidy
Step 1
Concept
Market price is the price paid by the consumer. In exams, remember net indirect taxes for its difference from factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. खरीदार द्वारा चुकाई गई कीमत जिसमें indirect tax और subsidy का प्रभाव हो / Price paid by buyer including effect of indirect tax and subsidy. Market price is the price paid by the consumer. In exams, remember net indirect taxes for its difference from factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price उपभोक्ता द्वारा चुकाई गई कीमत है। परीक्षा में factor cost से अंतर के लिए net indirect taxes याद रखें।
When net indirect tax is zero, market price and factor cost are equal. In exams, remember the equality condition.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT शून्य है / NIT is zero. When net indirect tax is zero, market price and factor cost are equal. In exams, remember the equality condition.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब net indirect tax शून्य होता है तो market price और factor cost बराबर होते हैं। परीक्षा में equality condition याद रखें।
Raw cotton is an input in further production. In exams, treat raw material as intermediate consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. intermediate consumption. Raw cotton is an input in further production. In exams, treat raw material as intermediate consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Raw cotton further production में input है। परीक्षा में raw material को intermediate consumption मानें।
A. एक ही कीमत पर बेहतर स्वास्थ्य सेवा मिलना लेकिन value पूरी तरह न दिखना/Better health service at same price but value not fully reflected
Step 1
Concept
GDP focuses more on quantity and price, so quality improvement may not be fully captured. In exams, treat quality changes as a welfare limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक ही कीमत पर बेहतर स्वास्थ्य सेवा मिलना लेकिन value पूरी तरह न दिखना / Better health service at same price but value not fully reflected. GDP focuses more on quantity and price, so quality improvement may not be fully captured. In exams, treat quality changes as a welfare limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP quantity और price पर अधिक केंद्रित होती है, quality improvement पूरी तरह capture नहीं हो सकता। परीक्षा में quality changes को welfare limitation समझें।
A. उत्पादन घरेलू आर्थिक सीमा के अंदर हुआ है/Production occurred within domestic economic territory
Step 1
Concept
Domestic product means production within economic territory. In exams, remember the difference between domestic and national terms.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन घरेलू आर्थिक सीमा के अंदर हुआ है / Production occurred within domestic economic territory. Domestic product means production within economic territory. In exams, remember the difference between domestic and national terms.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic product का अर्थ economic territory के भीतर उत्पादन है। परीक्षा में domestic और national शब्दों का अंतर याद रखें।
