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A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं/Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so depreciation adjustment is not needed. Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT) for national and FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं / Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT). \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so depreciation adjustment is not needed. Add (NFIA) and deduct (NIT) for national and FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) पहले से net है इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं चाहिए। National और FC के लिए (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) घटाएं।
\(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) crore. Do not deduct depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5130 करोड़ / 5130 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) crore. Do not deduct depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=5300+210-380=5130\) करोड़ होगा। Net aggregate होने पर depreciation को दोबारा न घटाएं।
A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}\) is domestic and at factor cost. Add (NFIA) for national and (NIT) for MP to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add (NFIA) and add (NIT). \(NDP_{FC}\) is domestic and at factor cost. Add (NFIA) for national and (NIT) for MP to get \(NNP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) domestic और factor cost पर है। \(NNP_{MP}\) के लिए national बनाने को (NFIA) और MP बनाने को (NIT) जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) crore. Negative (NFIA) reduces national value, while (NIT) can increase MP value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4530 करोड़ / 4530 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) crore. Negative (NFIA) reduces national value, while (NIT) can increase MP value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=4450-140+220=4530\) करोड़ होगा। Negative (NFIA) national value को घटाता है लेकिन (NIT) MP value बढ़ा सकता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें/Add depreciation and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross and add (NIT) for MP. The national basis is already present.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें और (NIT) जोड़ें / Add depreciation and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), add depreciation for gross and add (NIT) for MP. The national basis is already present.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से gross बनाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें और MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें। National basis पहले से मौजूद है।
\(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\). Here the net basis is same, so depreciation is not a difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) और (NIT) / (NFIA) and (NIT). \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\). Here the net basis is same, so depreciation is not a difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA+NIT\) होता है। यहां net basis समान है इसलिए depreciation का अंतर नहीं है।
A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं/Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). If subsidies are higher, (NIT) becomes negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं / Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). If subsidies are higher, (NIT) becomes negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) होता है। Subsidies अधिक हों तो (NIT) negative हो जाता है।
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) is constant and (NIT) falls, \(NNP_{MP}\) can fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) घट रहा है / (NIT) is falling. \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\). If \(NNP_{FC}\) is constant and (NIT) falls, \(NNP_{MP}\) can fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\) है। \(NNP_{FC}\) स्थिर हो और (NIT) घटे तो \(NNP_{MP}\) घट सकता है।
A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT)/(NFIA), depreciation and (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{FC}\) is national, gross and FC while \(NDP_{MP}\) is domestic, net and MP. Therefore, all three dimensions change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA), मूल्यह्रास और (NIT) / (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT). \(GNP_{FC}\) is national, gross and FC while \(NDP_{MP}\) is domestic, net and MP. Therefore, all three dimensions change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) national, gross और FC है जबकि \(NDP_{MP}\) domestic, net और MP है। इसलिए तीनों dimensions बदलते हैं।
\(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), and \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) crore. Stepwise conversion is safer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 6450 करोड़ / 6450 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), and \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) crore. Stepwise conversion is safer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=7200-300=6900\), \(NDP_{FC}=6900-900=6000\), और \(NDP_{MP}=6000+450=6450\) करोड़। Stepwise conversion सुरक्षित रहता है।
After deducting depreciation, remaining investment is linked with net investment. In expert questions, understand the difference between gross investment and replacement investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net investment. After deducting depreciation, remaining investment is linked with net investment. In expert questions, understand the difference between gross investment and replacement investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने के बाद बचा investment net investment से जुड़ता है। Expert questions में gross investment और replacement investment का अंतर समझें।
A. Net investment negative हो सकता है और capacity घट सकती है/Net investment may be negative and capacity may fall
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation shows replacement need. If gross investment is lower, it may indicate a fall in capital stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net investment negative हो सकता है और capacity घट सकती है / Net investment may be negative and capacity may fall. Depreciation shows replacement need. If gross investment is lower, it may indicate a fall in capital stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation replacement need दिखाता है। Gross investment कम हो तो capital stock घटने का संकेत मिल सकता है।
A. आधिकारिक NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन से कम दिख सकता है/Official NNP may appear lower than actual production
Step 1
Concept
Illegal activities are not captured properly in official records. This can make measured NNP understate actual economic activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आधिकारिक NNP वास्तविक उत्पादन से कम दिख सकता है / Official NNP may appear lower than actual production. Illegal activities are not captured properly in official records. This can make measured NNP understate actual economic activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activities official records में सही capture नहीं होतीं। इससे measured NNP actual economic activity को कम दिखा सकता है।
A. Income और welfare का आधिकारिक चित्र अधूरा रह सकता है/The official picture of income and welfare may remain incomplete
Step 1
Concept
The black economy can remain hidden in data. Therefore, welfare conclusions based on NNP should be drawn carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Income और welfare का आधिकारिक चित्र अधूरा रह सकता है / The official picture of income and welfare may remain incomplete. The black economy can remain hidden in data. Therefore, welfare conclusions based on NNP should be drawn carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Black economy data में hidden रह सकती है। इसलिए NNP आधारित welfare conclusion सावधानी से निकालना चाहिए।
A. यह current production को बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाएगा/It will overstate current production
Step 1
Concept
Resale of an old machine is not current production. Treating it as output can wrongly inflate NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह current production को बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाएगा / It will overstate current production. Resale of an old machine is not current production. Treating it as output can wrongly inflate NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन की resale current production नहीं है। इसे output मानने से NNP गलत बढ़ सकता है।
A. Current service होने से commission शामिल हो सकता है/Commission may be included because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old house is not current output, but the broker's current service is. Therefore, commission can be added as service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current service होने से commission शामिल हो सकता है / Commission may be included because it is a current service. The value of the old house is not current output, but the broker's current service is. Therefore, commission can be added as service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने घर का मूल्य current output नहीं है लेकिन broker की current service है। इसलिए commission को सेवा उत्पादन के रूप में जोड़ा जा सकता है।
A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है/It prevents double counting of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
Value added takes only the newly added value at each production stage. This prevents intermediate values from being counted again.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है / It prevents double counting of intermediate goods. Value added takes only the newly added value at each production stage. This prevents intermediate values from being counted again.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added हर उत्पादन चरण में नई जोड़ी गई value को लेता है। इससे intermediate values दोबारा नहीं गिनी जातीं।
Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) crore. In the product method, intermediate consumption must be deducted.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4900 करोड़ / 4900 crore. Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) crore. In the product method, intermediate consumption must be deducted.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross value added (=8000-3100=4900) करोड़ होगा। Product method में intermediate consumption को घटाना जरूरी है।
First net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), then add (NFIA) to get NNP (=4500) crore. If the valuation basis is same, (NIT) is not separately applied.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 4500 करोड़ / 4500 crore. First net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), then add (NFIA) to get NNP (=4500) crore. If the valuation basis is same, (NIT) is not separately applied.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले net domestic value (=4900-600=4300), फिर (NFIA) जोड़कर NNP (=4500) करोड़। Valuation basis same हो तो (NIT) अलग से नहीं लगता।
Retained earnings are part of enterprise income and fall under operating surplus. Keep factor income classification in mind in the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Operating surplus. Retained earnings are part of enterprise income and fall under operating surplus. Keep factor income classification in mind in the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Retained earnings enterprise income का भाग हैं और operating surplus में आते हैं। Income method में factor income classification ध्यान रखें।
A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में/In compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Employer contribution is treated as part of employee compensation. It is linked with current production as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में / In compensation of employees. Employer contribution is treated as part of employee compensation. It is linked with current production as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Employer contribution employee compensation का हिस्सा माना जाता है। यह factor income के रूप में current production से जुड़ा होता है।
A. राष्ट्रीय आय बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाई जाएगी/National income will be overstated
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not rewards for current productive service. Adding them violates the factor income principle.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय आय बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर दिखाई जाएगी / National income will be overstated. Transfer payments are not rewards for current productive service. Adding them violates the factor income principle.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments current productive service का प्रतिफल नहीं हैं। इन्हें जोड़ना factor income principle के विरुद्ध है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले अर्जित आय नहीं है/Because it is not earned against productive service
Step 1
Concept
A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. National income includes earned factor incomes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले अर्जित आय नहीं है / Because it is not earned against productive service. A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. National income includes earned factor incomes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer-type receipt है। National income में earned factor incomes को शामिल किया जाता है।
A. (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें/Deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{FC}\), deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic and add (NIT) to make it MP. The net basis remains same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) जोड़ें / Deduct (NFIA) and add (NIT). From \(NNP_{FC}\), deduct (NFIA) to make it domestic and add (NIT) to make it MP. The net basis remains same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) से domestic बनाने के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और MP बनाने के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें। Net basis समान रहता है।
\(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) for national to domestic and add (NIT) for FC to MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5025 करोड़ / 5025 crore. \(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) crore. Deduct (NFIA) for national to domestic and add (NIT) for FC to MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}=5100-250+175=5025\) करोड़ होगा। National से domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और FC से MP के लिए (NIT) जोड़ें।
A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं/Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and deduct (NIT)
Step 1
Concept
From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and deduct (NIT) for FC. Signs change when direction changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें, (NFIA) घटाएं और (NIT) घटाएं / Add depreciation, deduct (NFIA) and deduct (NIT). From \(NNP_{MP}\), add depreciation for gross, deduct (NFIA) for domestic and deduct (NIT) for FC. Signs change when direction changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}\) से gross के लिए depreciation जोड़ें, domestic के लिए (NFIA) घटाएं और FC के लिए (NIT) घटाएं। Direction बदलने पर signs बदलते हैं।
A. NNP welfare और sustainability को अधिक दिखा सकता है/NNP may overstate welfare and sustainability
Step 1
Concept
Environmental loss is not fully reflected in monetary output. Therefore, high NNP is not a guarantee of sustainable welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP welfare और sustainability को अधिक दिखा सकता है / NNP may overstate welfare and sustainability. Environmental loss is not fully reflected in monetary output. Therefore, high NNP is not a guarantee of sustainable welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Environmental loss monetary output में पूरी तरह नहीं दिखता। इसलिए high NNP sustainable welfare की guarantee नहीं है।
A. NNP बढ़ने पर भी welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़ा हो/Welfare may not necessarily have risen despite higher NNP
Step 1
Concept
Cleanup spending can raise output, but pollution damage can reduce welfare. Do not treat NNP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP बढ़ने पर भी welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़ा हो / Welfare may not necessarily have risen despite higher NNP. Cleanup spending can raise output, but pollution damage can reduce welfare. Do not treat NNP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cleanup spending output बढ़ा सकता है पर pollution damage welfare घटा सकता है। NNP को welfare का पूर्ण माप न मानें।
A. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) भी देखना चाहिए/Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) should also be checked
Step 1
Concept
When total NNP is same, population difference changes average income. Therefore, per capita measure can be more useful.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) भी देखना चाहिए / Per capita \(NNP_{FC}\) should also be checked. When total NNP is same, population difference changes average income. Therefore, per capita measure can be more useful.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुल NNP समान होने पर population अंतर average income बदल देता है। इसलिए per capita measure अधिक उपयोगी हो सकता है।
Initially per capita (=9000/300=30), later (9900/330=30). A rise in total NNP does not always raise average income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will remain unchanged. Initially per capita (=9000/300=30), later (9900/330=30). A rise in total NNP does not always raise average income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले per capita (=9000/300=30), बाद में (9900/330=30) होता है। कुल NNP बढ़ने से average income हमेशा नहीं बढ़ती।
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). In market price to factor cost conversion, subsidies reduce (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) के माध्यम से / Through (NIT). (NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies). In market price to factor cost conversion, subsidies reduce (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=Indirect\ Taxes-Subsidies) है। Market price से factor cost conversion में subsidies (NIT) को कम करती हैं।
Higher subsidies reduce (NIT). Since \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), the FC value can rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\) बढ़ेगा / \(NNP_{FC}\) will rise. Higher subsidies reduce (NIT). Since \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), the FC value can rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies बढ़ने से (NIT) घटता है। \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होने से FC value बढ़ सकती है।
(NIT=900-1100=-200), so (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) crore. When subsidies are higher, FC can exceed MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 8200 करोड़ / 8200 crore. (NIT=900-1100=-200), so (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) crore. When subsidies are higher, FC can exceed MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT=900-1100=-200), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=8000-(-200)=8200) करोड़। Subsidies अधिक होने पर FC MP से ऊपर जा सकता है।
The difference between factor income received from abroad and paid to foreigners is (NFIA). It converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA). The difference between factor income received from abroad and paid to foreigners is (NFIA). It converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त और विदेशियों को दी गई factor income का अंतर (NFIA) है। यह domestic को national aggregate में बदलता है।
Negative (NFIA) means factor payments to foreigners are higher. This can make the national aggregate lower than the domestic aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब (NFIA) negative हो / When (NFIA) is negative. Negative (NFIA) means factor payments to foreigners are higher. This can make the national aggregate lower than the domestic aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative (NFIA) का अर्थ foreigners को factor payments अधिक हैं। इससे national aggregate domestic aggregate से कम हो सकता है।
Depreciation is deducted to convert GNP into NNP. If both are equal, depreciation is zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation शून्य है / Depreciation is zero. Depreciation is deducted to convert GNP into NNP. If both are equal, depreciation is zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से NNP बनाने में depreciation घटता है। दोनों बराबर हों तो depreciation zero होगा।
A. क्योंकि यह capital depreciation घटाता है/Because it deducts capital depreciation
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows income left after capital wear and tear. Therefore, it can indicate sustainability better than a gross measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह capital depreciation घटाता है / Because it deducts capital depreciation. NNP shows income left after capital wear and tear. Therefore, it can indicate sustainability better than a gross measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद बची आय दिखाता है। इसलिए यह gross measure की तुलना में sustainability को बेहतर संकेत दे सकता है।
A. शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन overestimated हो सकता है/Net available output may be overestimated
Step 1
Concept
High depreciation may mean a large part of gross output goes to replacement. NNP shows this risk better.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध उपलब्ध उत्पादन overestimated हो सकता है / Net available output may be overestimated. High depreciation may mean a large part of gross output goes to replacement. NNP shows this risk better.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High depreciation gross output का बड़ा हिस्सा replacement में लगा सकता है। NNP इस risk को बेहतर दिखाता है।
A. Real (NNP) लगभग (4%) बढ़ा/Real (NNP) rose by about (4%)
Step 1
Concept
In simple approximation, real growth is about nominal growth minus inflation. In expert MCQs, distinguish exact and approximate wording.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real (NNP) लगभग (4%) बढ़ा / Real (NNP) rose by about (4%). In simple approximation, real growth is about nominal growth minus inflation. In expert MCQs, distinguish exact and approximate wording.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल approximation में real growth लगभग nominal growth minus inflation होती है। Expert MCQ में exact और approximate शब्द अलग पहचानें।
A. पुराने furniture की resale price को current output मानना/Treating resale price of old furniture as current output
Step 1
Concept
Resale of old furniture is not current production. But current services and estimated current output may be appropriately included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुराने furniture की resale price को current output मानना / Treating resale price of old furniture as current output. Resale of old furniture is not current production. But current services and estimated current output may be appropriately included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने furniture की resale current production नहीं है। लेकिन current services और estimated current output को उचित रूप से शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. हर aggregate की तीन पहचान करें: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC/Identify three features of every aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC
Step 1
Concept
Mistakes in NNP conversion reduce when the three identities of base and target aggregates are clear. Then decide signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हर aggregate की तीन पहचान करें: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FC / Identify three features of every aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC. Mistakes in NNP conversion reduce when the three identities of base and target aggregates are clear. Then decide signs of (NFIA), depreciation and (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP conversion में गलती तभी कम होती है जब base और target aggregate की तीनों पहचान स्पष्ट हों। फिर (NFIA), depreciation और (NIT) के signs तय करें।
