B. उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय/Factor income earned from production
Step 1
Concept
The income method adds incomes received by factors used in production. In exams remember wages rent interest and profit as main components.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय / Factor income earned from production. The income method adds incomes received by factors used in production. In exams remember wages rent interest and profit as main components.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि उत्पादन में लगे कारकों को मिली आय जोड़ती है। परीक्षा में मजदूरी किराया ब्याज और लाभ को मुख्य घटक याद रखें।
Wages are received by labour for contributing to production. They are treated as part of compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. श्रम / Labour. Wages are received by labour for contributing to production. They are treated as part of compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी श्रम को उत्पादन में योगदान के बदले मिलती है। इसे कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग माना जाता है।
Profit is received by the entrepreneur for risk and organization. In the income method profit is the entrepreneur’s factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. उद्यमी / Entrepreneur. Profit is received by the entrepreneur for risk and organization. In the income method profit is the entrepreneur’s factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लाभ उद्यमी को जोखिम और संगठन के बदले मिलता है। आय विधि में लाभ उद्यमी की कारक आय है।
A. उत्पादन कारकों को उत्पादन सेवा के बदले मिली आय/Income received by factors for productive services
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received in return for productive services. Amount received without productive service may be transfer payment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारकों को उत्पादन सेवा के बदले मिली आय / Income received by factors for productive services. Factor income is received in return for productive services. Amount received without productive service may be transfer payment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक आय उत्पादन सेवा के बदले मिलती है। बिना उत्पादन सेवा के मिलने वाली राशि हस्तांतरण भुगतान हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती/Because no current productive service is received in return
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not received for contribution to production. Therefore they are not included in factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती / Because no current productive service is received in return. Transfer payments are not received for contribution to production. Therefore they are not included in factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हस्तांतरण भुगतान उत्पादन में योगदान के बदले नहीं मिलते। इसलिए इन्हें कारक आय में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
Compensation of employees is received by workers as wages salaries and benefits. It is a major component of the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. श्रम को मिली आय / Income received by labour. Compensation of employees is received by workers as wages salaries and benefits. It is a major component of the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक श्रमिकों को वेतन मजदूरी और सुविधाओं के रूप में मिलता है। यह आय विधि का प्रमुख घटक है।
C. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Compensation of employees is a component of the income method. The other options are related to the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Compensation of employees is a component of the income method. The other options are related to the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक आय विधि का घटक है। बाकी विकल्प व्यय विधि से संबंधित हैं।
Operating surplus includes income from property and entrepreneurship. It includes rent interest and profit.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया ब्याज और लाभ / Rent interest and profit. Operating surplus includes income from property and entrepreneurship. It includes rent interest and profit.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिचालन अधिशेष में संपत्ति और उद्यम से प्राप्त आय शामिल होती है। इसमें किराया ब्याज और लाभ आते हैं।
A. स्वरोजगार करने वालों के लिए/For self-employed persons
Step 1
Concept
In self-employment it is difficult to separate labour and capital income. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्वरोजगार करने वालों के लिए / For self-employed persons. In self-employment it is difficult to separate labour and capital income. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वरोजगार में श्रम और पूंजी की आय अलग करना कठिन होता है। इसलिए उसे मिश्रित आय कहा जाता है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Net factor income from abroad is added to domestic income to get national income. It shows the difference between domestic and national concepts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. Net factor income from abroad is added to domestic income to get national income. It shows the difference between domestic and national concepts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय से राष्ट्रीय आय पाने के लिए शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय जोड़ी जाती है। यह घरेलू और राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा का अंतर बताती है।
A. केवल उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय/Only factor income from production
Step 1
Concept
The income method includes factor income earned from production. Donations loans and lottery prizes are not production income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय / Only factor income from production. The income method includes factor income earned from production. Donations loans and lottery prizes are not production income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय शामिल होती है। दान ऋण और लॉटरी उत्पादन आय नहीं हैं।
Pension is generally not received for current productive service. Therefore it is an example of transfer payment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पेंशन / Pension. Pension is generally not received for current productive service. Therefore it is an example of transfer payment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पेंशन सामान्यतः वर्तमान उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती। इसलिए यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान का उदाहरण है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Salaries and wages are received by employees for labour service. Hence they are included in compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Salaries and wages are received by employees for labour service. Hence they are included in compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वेतन और मजदूरी कर्मचारियों को श्रम सेवा के बदले मिलते हैं। इसलिए ये कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में शामिल होते हैं।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Employer’s social security contribution is part of employee benefit. It can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Employer’s social security contribution is part of employee benefit. It can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नियोक्ता का सामाजिक सुरक्षा अंशदान कर्मचारी लाभ का भाग है। इसे कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. मजदूरी किराया ब्याज लाभ/Wages rent interest profit
Step 1
Concept
The income method adds incomes of labour land capital and entrepreneur. These are wages rent interest and profit respectively.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूरी किराया ब्याज लाभ / Wages rent interest profit. The income method adds incomes of labour land capital and entrepreneur. These are wages rent interest and profit respectively.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में श्रम भूमि पूंजी और उद्यमी की आय जोड़ी जाती है। ये क्रमशः मजदूरी किराया ब्याज और लाभ हैं।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती/Because it is not received for productive service
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is received as support not for productive service. Hence it is not treated as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती / Because it is not received for productive service. Scholarship is received as support not for productive service. Hence it is not treated as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति सहायता के रूप में मिलती है उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं। इसलिए इसे कारक आय नहीं माना जाता।
A. घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित शुद्ध कारक आय/Net factor income earned within domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{FC}\) represents net factor income earned within domestic territory. It is also called domestic income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित शुद्ध कारक आय / Net factor income earned within domestic territory. \(NDP_{FC}\) represents net factor income earned within domestic territory. It is also called domestic income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}\) घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित शुद्ध कारक आय को दर्शाता है। इसे घरेलू आय भी कहा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा की आय नहीं है/Because it is not income from productive service
Step 1
Concept
Lottery prize is not received in return for any productive service. Therefore it is not factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा की आय नहीं है / Because it is not income from productive service. Lottery prize is not received in return for any productive service. Therefore it is not factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लॉटरी पुरस्कार किसी उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलता। इसलिए यह कारक आय नहीं है।
Transfer income is not received for productive service. National income counts only factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. हस्तांतरण आय / Transfer income. Transfer income is not received for productive service. National income counts only factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हस्तांतरण आय उत्पादन सेवा के बदले प्राप्त नहीं होती। राष्ट्रीय आय में केवल कारक आय गिनी जाती है।
Income of a self-employed person may include contribution of labour and enterprise. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मिश्रित आय / Mixed income. Income of a self-employed person may include contribution of labour and enterprise. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्व-नियोजित व्यक्ति की आय में श्रम और उद्यम दोनों का योगदान हो सकता है। इसलिए इसे मिश्रित आय कहा जाता है।
Profit is factor income so it is added in the income method. Final expenditures are added in the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आय विधि / Income method. Profit is factor income so it is added in the income method. Final expenditures are added in the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लाभ कारक आय है इसलिए आय विधि में जोड़ा जाता है। व्यय विधि में अंतिम व्यय जोड़े जाते हैं।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Bonus is received by an employee for employment service. Therefore it can be part of compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Bonus is received by an employee for employment service. Therefore it can be part of compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बोनस कर्मचारी को रोजगार सेवा के बदले मिलता है। इसलिए यह कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग हो सकता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय/Compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income
Step 1
Concept
Domestic income is calculated by adding compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income. This is the basic structure of income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय / Compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income. Domestic income is calculated by adding compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income. This is the basic structure of income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय को कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय जोड़कर निकाला जाता है। यह आय विधि का मूल ढांचा है।
A. क्योंकि यह वित्तीय परिसंपत्ति का हस्तांतरण है/Because it is transfer of financial asset
Step 1
Concept
Sale of old shares is not income from new production. It is only a change in ownership of financial asset.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वित्तीय परिसंपत्ति का हस्तांतरण है / Because it is transfer of financial asset. Sale of old shares is not income from new production. It is only a change in ownership of financial asset.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने शेयर की बिक्री नए उत्पादन से आय नहीं है। यह केवल वित्तीय परिसंपत्ति के स्वामित्व का परिवर्तन है।
A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन कारकों को सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलते/Because they are not received by factors for services
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received by factors of production. Indirect taxes are received by government and are not part of factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन कारकों को सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलते / Because they are not received by factors for services. Factor income is received by factors of production. Indirect taxes are received by government and are not part of factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक आय उत्पादन कारकों को मिलती है। अप्रत्यक्ष कर सरकार को मिलते हैं और कारक लागत का भाग नहीं होते।
A. उत्पादन कारकों को मिली आय/Income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost is related to payments made to factors of production. In the income method national income is measured at factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारकों को मिली आय / Income received by factors of production. Factor cost is related to payments made to factors of production. In the income method national income is measured at factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक लागत उत्पादन कारकों को दिए गए भुगतान से संबंधित है। आय विधि में राष्ट्रीय आय कारक लागत पर मापी जाती है।
A. उत्पादन कारकों की घरेलू आय/Domestic factor incomes
Step 1
Concept
Domestic income is the sum of factor incomes earned within domestic territory. Non-productive receipts are not included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारकों की घरेलू आय / Domestic factor incomes. Domestic income is the sum of factor incomes earned within domestic territory. Non-productive receipts are not included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित कारक आयों का योग है। इसमें गैर-उत्पादक प्राप्तियां शामिल नहीं होतीं।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले आय नहीं है/Because it is not income for productive service
Step 1
Concept
An insurance claim can be compensation for loss not income for productive service. Therefore it is not treated as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले आय नहीं है / Because it is not income for productive service. An insurance claim can be compensation for loss not income for productive service. Therefore it is not treated as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बीमा दावा नुकसान की भरपाई हो सकता है उत्पादन सेवा की आय नहीं। इसलिए इसे कारक आय नहीं माना जाता।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
A facility given by employer is a benefit to employee for employment. Therefore it can be part of compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. A facility given by employer is a benefit to employee for employment. Therefore it can be part of compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नियोक्ता द्वारा दी गई सुविधा कर्मचारी को रोजगार के बदले लाभ है। इसलिए यह कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का हिस्सा हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि किसान स्वयं श्रम पूंजी और उद्यम का योगदान देता है/Because the farmer himself contributes labour capital and enterprise
Step 1
Concept
In self-employment a person contributes several factors. Therefore the income is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि किसान स्वयं श्रम पूंजी और उद्यम का योगदान देता है / Because the farmer himself contributes labour capital and enterprise. In self-employment a person contributes several factors. Therefore the income is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वरोजगार में व्यक्ति कई कारकों का योगदान देता है। इसलिए उसकी आय को मिश्रित आय कहा जाता है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Factor income received from abroad can be part of (NFIA). It is adjusted with domestic income in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. Factor income received from abroad can be part of (NFIA). It is adjusted with domestic income in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त कारक आय (NFIA) का भाग हो सकती है। राष्ट्रीय आय में इसे घरेलू आय के साथ समायोजित किया जाता है।
Income earned domestically by a foreign resident enters domestic income but is adjusted for national income. It affects (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NFIA). Income earned domestically by a foreign resident enters domestic income but is adjusted for national income. It affects (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी निवासी की देश में कमाई घरेलू आय में आती है पर राष्ट्रीय आय से समायोजित की जाती है। यह (NFIA) को प्रभावित करती है।
A. शिक्षक को मिला वेतन/Salary received by a teacher
Step 1
Concept
A teacher’s salary is received in return for education service. Therefore it is factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शिक्षक को मिला वेतन / Salary received by a teacher. A teacher’s salary is received in return for education service. Therefore it is factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शिक्षक का वेतन शिक्षा सेवा के बदले मिलता है। इसलिए यह कारक आय है।
D. सरकार से मिली सहायता राशि/Assistance received from government
Step 1
Concept
Assistance received from government is not for productive service. Therefore it is not factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. सरकार से मिली सहायता राशि / Assistance received from government. Assistance received from government is not for productive service. Therefore it is not factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार से मिली सहायता राशि उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं होती। इसलिए यह कारक आय नहीं है।
A. उत्पादन कारकों के बीच/Among factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Income generated from production is received by factors according to their contribution. This is the basic idea of the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारकों के बीच / Among factors of production. Income generated from production is received by factors according to their contribution. This is the basic idea of the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उत्पादन से बनी आय उत्पादन कारकों को उनके योगदान के अनुसार मिलती है। यही आय विधि का मूल विचार है।
A. केवल कारक आय जोड़ना और हस्तांतरण आय न जोड़ना/Add only factor income and do not add transfer income
Step 1
Concept
In the income method only factor income earned from production is added. Adding transfer income will make national income incorrect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल कारक आय जोड़ना और हस्तांतरण आय न जोड़ना / Add only factor income and do not add transfer income. In the income method only factor income earned from production is added. Adding transfer income will make national income incorrect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में उत्पादन से प्राप्त कारक आय ही जोड़ी जाती है। हस्तांतरण आय जोड़ने से राष्ट्रीय आय गलत हो जाएगी।
