Taylor’s scientific management

Correct answer: A. Cooperation, not individualism

The correct answer is A. Scientific targets alone are not enough: Taylor’s principle of cooperation calls for management and workers to work together rather than act separately.

Correct answer: A. Full efficiency may not be achieved

The correct answer is A. Scientific selection helps match a worker to a job, while training develops the skills needed to perform it well. Without training, full efficiency may not be achieved.

Correct answer: A. Develop a scientific method and teach it to workers

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s approach assigns management the task of studying and planning a scientific method, then teaching workers how to use it instead of relying on guesswork.

Correct answer: A. Whether the work is assigned according to their abilities

The correct answer is A. Even with a sound method, performance may remain low if the job does not suit a worker’s abilities. Management should review job fit and allocation as part of scientific selection and placement.

Correct answer: A. Management plans scientifically, and workers carry out the work cooperatively

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s approach gives management responsibility for scientific planning and calls for cooperation between management and workers in carrying out the work.

Correct answer: A. Setting standards and comparing performance will be difficult

The correct answer is A. When workers use different methods for the same job, there is no consistent basis for setting a standard or comparing performance. Taylor’s scientific management therefore emphasizes finding and standardising the best method.

Correct answer: A. Method study—find the best way; motion study—eliminate unnecessary movements; time study—set a standard time; fatigue study—determine suitable rest intervals

The correct answer is A. Method study seeks the best way to do a job, motion study removes unnecessary movements, time study sets the time standard, and fatigue study considers rest needed to reduce worker fatigue.

Correct answer: A. Standardisation

The correct answer is A. Reducing unnecessary varieties is simplification. Setting consistent standards for quality and other product features is standardisation, so that task remains.

Correct answer: A. Simplification

The correct answer is A. Simplification reduces unnecessary varieties and designs. Standardisation sets common standards, but it does not by itself reduce the number of varieties.

Correct answer: A. Development of each person to their greatest efficiency and prosperity

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s development principle calls for selecting and training workers so each can reach their greatest efficiency and prosperity. Paying efficient workers more does not replace the need to develop other workers.

Correct answer: A. Fatigue study

The correct answer is A. Fatigue study examines the causes of worker fatigue and helps determine suitable rest intervals. It can be considered alongside an incentive wage system so that higher output does not come at the cost of excessive fatigue.

Correct answer: A. Use scientific methods to improve efficiency and promote prosperity for both workers and employers

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s approach applies scientific methods to improve efficiency while seeking prosperity for both employers and workers, rather than benefiting only one side.

Correct answer: A. Study the work scientifically, set standards, select and train workers, then cooperate to improve performance

The correct answer is A. Scientific management studies work systematically, establishes standards, and uses worker selection, training, and cooperation to improve performance. This is a practical sequence, not a claim that Taylor prescribed one rigid order for every workplace.

Correct answer: D. Taylor’s science not rule of thumb

The correct answer is D, Taylor’s principle of science, not rule of thumb. Taylor argued that managers should replace traditional guesswork and personal experience with systematic study. A suitable method is selected after observing the work, analysing movements and time where relevant, testing alternatives, and identifying the most efficient procedure. This approach makes decisions evidence-based rather than dependent on habit. Fayol’s authority concerns the right to give orders and the responsibility attached to it; order concerns placing people and materials appropriately; and initiative concerns allowing employees to propose and carry out ideas. None of those three principles directly expresses experimental selection of the best work method.