Taylor’s scientific management

The correct answer is B. Motion study examines and removes unnecessary movements. Since fatigue remains, a fatigue study is needed to consider factors such as rest and working conditions that can reduce it.

The correct answer is B. Gross production is 390 minutes ÷ 6 minutes per unit = 65 units. After subtracting the 5 rejected units, usable production is 65 − 5 = 60 units.

The correct answer is A. Counting rest time as productive time overstates the time available for making units. This can lead to a production target that is too high and unrealistic.

The correct answer is B. Scientific selection means assessing a worker’s abilities, placing the person in a suitable job, and providing the training needed to perform it effectively.

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s principle of developing each person to the greatest efficiency and prosperity includes selecting, training, and developing workers; wages alone do not provide the skills needed for efficient work.

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s production-side foremen were the gang boss, speed boss, repair boss, and inspector. The gang boss and inspector therefore form a production-side pair.

The correct answer is B. The planning-side roles included the route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk, and disciplinarian. The route clerk and time and cost clerk are both on that side.

The correct answer is A. Standardisation includes setting suitable standards for tools and working conditions. Such standards help workers carry out tasks efficiently; high targets without appropriate tools or conditions undermine that approach.

The correct answer is A. Lack of open conflict reflects harmony, but Taylor’s principle of cooperation calls for management and workers to work together toward shared improvements. Simply having no dispute does not amount to active cooperation.

The correct answer is A. A standard method provides a consistent basis for doing and assessing work. Changing it frequently without reason makes results less consistent and comparisons over time less reliable.

The correct answer is A. Simplification removes unnecessary varieties, not choices customers genuinely need. Considering demand helps a company reduce needless complexity without eliminating essential options.

The correct answer is A. Functional foremanship divides planning and production tasks among specialists, so clear communication and coordination are needed. If plans do not reach the production side clearly, they cannot be implemented effectively.

The correct answer is A. Functional foremanship uses several specialist foremen, so workers may face confusion if their instructions conflict. Clear priorities and coordination are needed to manage this risk.

A is correct. Taylor’s scientific management focused on improving efficiency in operational work, whereas Fayol developed general principles of management applicable to organisations as a whole.

B is correct. Available working time is 500 − 50 = 450 minutes. At 9 minutes per unit, standard output is 450 ÷ 9 = 50 units.

C is correct. The worker has met the standard, so the stated higher rate applies: 75 units × ₹10 per unit = ₹750.

A is correct. Taylor’s mental revolution called for cooperation and a change in the attitudes of workers and management. It also supported shared gains and prosperity for both, so unfair sharing indicates that this idea was not properly applied.

A is correct. Motion study examines and reduces unnecessary movements. If the overall production method is unsuitable too, method study is also needed; motion study alone cannot address the whole problem.

A is correct. Scientific management combines the systematic study of work with standards, worker selection and training, suitable incentives, and cooperation. It is not just one technique, such as timing a task.

A is correct. Identifying defects tells management that a quality problem exists, but inaccurate time and cost records prevent it from reliably measuring the defects’ time and financial impact.

A is correct. Choosing a method through measurement and systematic study replaces guesswork with science. Applying that method uniformly is standardisation.

A is correct. Scientific training and standard tools reflect systematic work and standardisation; adequate rest supports efficient work, and discussion of shared gains reflects cooperation between workers and management. Together, these clues show several connected elements of Taylor’s approach.

The worker’s output is below the standard, so the low rate applies. Wage = 66 units × ₹7 per unit = ₹462.

A standardised work method means that the task is carried out according to a consistent, established method. Different methods taught by different supervisors show that this standardisation is lacking.

Scientific targets alone are not enough. Taylor’s principle of cooperation, not individualism, calls for management and workers to work together; imposing penalties without discussion or seeking cooperation neglects that principle.