Revolutions of the World

The unequal tax structure turned financial crisis into political explosion. For exams connect taxation privilege and representation together.

The Third Estate changed legitimacy by claiming to represent the nation. For exams connect sovereignty with the National Assembly.

Citizenship defined people as members with rights and duties. For exams understand the difference between citizen and subject.

The Reign of Terror limited liberty in the name of security. For exams write the contradiction between ideals and methods.

The tax dispute raised the question of legitimacy and representation. For exams do not treat taxation as only an economic cause.

Federalism balanced a strong center with state autonomy. For exams connect the Constitution with balance of power.

There was a major contradiction between the language of liberty and the reality of slavery. For exams write both achievement and limitation.

Workers' and soldiers' discontent quickly weakened Tsardom. For exams study city army and food crisis together.

Dual power created a crisis of legitimacy and Bolsheviks built support through Soviets. For exams remember the legitimacy crisis.

The October Revolution had a major role of organized party and strategic preparation. For exams write organization as a cause.

The factory system separated the interests of capitalists and workers. For exams understand the economic base of class conflict.

Technology became effective when capital labor markets and energy sources came together. For exams give a multi-causal answer.

Meiji modernized administration army education and taxation. For exams study state-building as a group of reforms.

The emperor was used as a symbol of national unity and legitimacy of reform. For exams understand legitimacy and symbols.

Both ideas were linked with giving China a new political direction. For exams connect ideology with regime change.

The dynasty ended but warlordism and power struggles continued. For exams write results and limits separately.

Mao made villages and peasants the main base of revolutionary strategy. For exams remember the difference between Russian and Chinese models.

Haiti turned ideals of rights into a real anti-slavery struggle. For exams write the contradiction between ideals and colonial reality.

In Saint-Domingue social status was shaped by race and slavery. For exams see social structure as a cause.

Creole leadership wanted independence but social equality could remain limited. For exams note the social limits of leadership.