Revolutions of the World

Both revolutions emphasized people's rights and representation. In exams, when similarity is asked, remember Enlightenment and rights.

Revolutionary instability and military successes helped Napoleon rise. In exams, understand the link from revolution to empire.

Enclosure affected small farmers and pushed labourers toward towns. In exams, link it with industrial labour supply.

Confiscating church property related to financial crisis and control over institutional power. In exams, mention economic and political causes together.

The Haitian Revolution directly challenged the slavery-based colonial order. In exams, treat it as a decisive event against Atlantic slavery.

Lenin's April Theses clarified the Bolshevik programme. In exams, link it with ideological preparation for the October Revolution.

A weak federal arrangement created the need for a more effective constitution. In exams, focus on state-building after revolution.

The March on Versailles brought the bread crisis and popular pressure directly to royal power. In exams, link it with women's role in mass movements.

The factory system created new industrial classes. In exams, connect industrialization with urbanization and class change.

After the Cuban Revolution, Cuba moved closer to the Soviet side and tensions with the USA rose. In exams, study it in the Cold War context.

Zapata became a symbol of peasant rights and land reform. In exams, connect him with the idea of land and liberty.

Girondins and Jacobins differed over the pace of revolution and power. In exams, focus on differences among revolutionary groups.

The British defeat at Yorktown brought the end of war and settlement closer. In exams, remember it as the final decisive turning point.

After the Iranian Revolution, an Islamic republic was established. In exams, remember the result and type of rule together.

The Xinhai Revolution removed the Qing dynasty and began a republic. In exams, remember Xinhai with Sun Yat-sen.

The Bill of Rights placed constitutional limits on royal power. In exams, link it with the foundation of parliamentary democracy.

The Cultural Revolution campaigned against old ideas and alleged opponents. In exams, remember both its declared aim and real turmoil.

Propaganda and ideas spread revolutionary demands to wider people. In exams, link ideology with organization and mass support.

War Communism aimed to mobilize resources for the army and state during the civil war. In exams, link it with emergency policy during the civil war.

The instability and corruption of the Directory created an opportunity for Napoleon's rise. In exams, remember the link between weak government and military leadership.