Revolutions of the World

Correct answer: A. Because the tax burden was unequal and privileged classes escaped

Explanation: The unequal tax structure turned financial crisis into political explosion. For exams connect taxation privilege and representation together.

Correct answer: B. It shifted sovereignty from the king toward the nation

Explanation: The Third Estate changed legitimacy by claiming to represent the nation. For exams connect sovereignty with the National Assembly.

Correct answer: C. It viewed people as political members with rights

Explanation: Citizenship defined people as members with rights and duties. For exams understand the difference between citizen and subject.

Correct answer: D. Because broad repression occurred in the name of defending the republic

Explanation: The Reign of Terror limited liberty in the name of security. For exams write the contradiction between ideals and methods.

Correct answer: A. Because the dispute was about legitimate taxing authority and representation

Explanation: The tax dispute raised the question of legitimacy and representation. For exams do not treat taxation as only an economic cause.

Correct answer: B. It constitutionally divided powers between center and states

Explanation: Federalism balanced a strong center with state autonomy. For exams connect the Constitution with balance of power.

Correct answer: C. Because slavery continued alongside ideals of liberty

Explanation: There was a major contradiction between the language of liberty and the reality of slavery. For exams write both achievement and limitation.

Correct answer: D. Workers strikes soldiers mutiny and food crisis

Explanation: Workers' and soldiers' discontent quickly weakened Tsardom. For exams study city army and food crisis together.

Correct answer: A. Because the Provisional Government was weak and Soviets were popular platforms

Explanation: Dual power created a crisis of legitimacy and Bolsheviks built support through Soviets. For exams remember the legitimacy crisis.

Correct answer: B. Because party organization propaganda and military preparation were important

Explanation: The October Revolution had a major role of organized party and strategic preparation. For exams write organization as a cause.

Correct answer: C. Factory production wage labor and ownership control

Explanation: The factory system separated the interests of capitalists and workers. For exams understand the economic base of class conflict.

Correct answer: D. Because capital markets labor and resources were also necessary

Explanation: Technology became effective when capital labor markets and energy sources came together. For exams give a multi-causal answer.

Correct answer: A. Centralization tax reform army and education reorganization

Explanation: Meiji modernized administration army education and taxation. For exams study state-building as a group of reforms.

Correct answer: B. Because it gave legitimacy to centralization and national unity

Explanation: The emperor was used as a symbol of national unity and legitimacy of reform. For exams understand legitimacy and symbols.

Correct answer: A. Nationalism opposed Qing rule and foreign influence while republicanism challenged dynastic rule

Explanation: Both ideas were linked with giving China a new political direction. For exams connect ideology with regime change.

Correct answer: B. It did not immediately establish political stability and national unity

Explanation: The dynasty ended but warlordism and power struggles continued. For exams write results and limits separately.

Correct answer: C. It made the rural peasant base central

Explanation: Mao made villages and peasants the main base of revolutionary strategy. For exams remember the difference between Russian and Chinese models.

Correct answer: D. It demanded liberty and equality for enslaved people

Explanation: Haiti turned ideals of rights into a real anti-slavery struggle. For exams write the contradiction between ideals and colonial reality.

Correct answer: A. Because colonial exploitation was tied to racial category and legal status

Explanation: In Saint-Domingue social status was shaped by race and slavery. For exams see social structure as a cause.

Correct answer: B. Its goals sometimes focused more on political power than mass equality

Explanation: Creole leadership wanted independence but social equality could remain limited. For exams note the social limits of leadership.

Correct answer: C. Because regional interests leadership conflicts and geographic difficulties existed

Explanation: The dream of political unity weakened due to local interests and power struggles. For exams write the gap between idea and practice.

Correct answer: D. Because liberal peasant regional and constitutionalist currents existed together

Explanation: The Mexican Revolution had many leaders and social agendas. For exams do not treat it as a one-line event.

Correct answer: A. Because it had provisions on land labor and social rights

Explanation: This constitution gave legal form to social demands of the revolution. For exams remember land and labor rights.

Correct answer: A. Nationalism began opposition to Batista and later socialist direction strengthened

Explanation: The Cuban Revolution first linked with anti-dictatorship and national sovereignty then moved toward socialism. For exams separate the phases.

Correct answer: A. Reducing foreign and private control while increasing state control

Explanation: Nationalization clarified Cuba's socialist and nationalist direction. For exams connect economic policy with ideology.