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Class 12 Economics - National Income and Related Aggregates - Aggregates related to national income - NNP Hard Quiz

Topic Quiz • 150 questions • 30 seconds per question.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक जाना हो तो सही क्रम कौन-सा है?

If one has to move from \(GDP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), which sequence is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA जोड़ें, मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, NIT घटाएंAdd NFIA, subtract depreciation, subtract NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) के लिए domestic से national, gross से net और MP से FC तीनों adjustment होते हैं। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) याद रखें। / To get \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\), apply domestic to national, gross to net and MP to FC adjustments. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\) in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=2000\), NFIA (=-50), मूल्यह्रास (=180), और NIT (=120) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=2000\), NFIA (=-50), depreciation (=180), and NIT (=120) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹1650 करोड़₹1650 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=2000-50-180-120=1650\) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को जोड़ने पर value घटती है। / \(NNP_{FC}=2000-50-180-120=1650\) crore. In exams negative NFIA reduces the value when added.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) ज्ञात है और subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक हैं, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is given and subsidies are greater than indirect taxes, what will be the effect on \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक होगा\(NNP_{FC}\) will be greater than \(NNP_{MP}\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT ऋणात्मक होता है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) में value बढ़ती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT को घटाने का अर्थ जोड़ना समझें। / When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) increases. In exams subtracting negative NIT means adding it.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=900\) करोड़ और NIT (=-40) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=900\) crore and NIT (=-40) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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Correct Answer

B. ₹860 करोड़₹860 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT=900-40=860\) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NIT जोड़ने पर value घटती है। / \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT=900-40=860\) crore. In exams adding negative NIT reduces the value.

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किस स्थिति में \(NNP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{FC}\) के बीच अंतर सबसे सही ढंग से समझाया जाएगा?

In which situation is the difference between \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) best explained?

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Correct Answer

A. जब अप्रत्यक्ष कर और subsidies मौजूद होंWhen indirect taxes and subsidies exist

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Market price और factor cost का अंतर net indirect taxes से बनता है। परीक्षा में depreciation gross-net और NFIA domestic-national conversion से जुड़ा है। / The difference between market price and factor cost is due to net indirect taxes. In exams depreciation is for gross-net and NFIA is for domestic-national conversion.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=1500\), मूल्यह्रास (=100), अप्रत्यक्ष कर (=90), और subsidies (=30) करोड़ हैं, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GNP_{MP}=1500\), depreciation (=100), indirect taxes (=90), and subsidies (=30) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. ₹1340 करोड़₹1340 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=90-30=60), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर conversion करें। / NIT (=90-30=60), so \(NNP_{FC}=1500-100-60=1340\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then convert.

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यदि \(NDP_{FC}=1100\) करोड़ और NFIA (=70) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NDP_{FC}=1100\) crore and NFIA (=70) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹1170 करोड़₹1170 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA=1170\) करोड़। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाते समय NFIA जोड़ें। / \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA=1170\) crore. In exams add NFIA when moving from domestic to national.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) से राष्ट्रीय आय पाने के लिए क्या करना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is called national income, what must be done to get national income from \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. NIT घटाना होगाNIT must be subtracted

Explanation

Simple Explanation

राष्ट्रीय आय \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। परीक्षा में market price को factor cost में बदलना न भूलें। / National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). In exams do not forget to convert market price into factor cost.

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कौन-सा कथन \(NNP_{FC}\) के बारे में सर्वाधिक सही है?

Which statement about \(NNP_{FC}\) is most correct?

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Correct Answer

A. यह सामान्य निवासियों की factor income का शुद्ध योग हैIt is the net sum of factor income of normal residents

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}\) राष्ट्रीय आय है और factor incomes से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में transfer payments को factor income न मानें। / \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and is linked with factor incomes. In exams do not treat transfer payments as factor income.

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}=1800\), NFIA (=100), और मूल्यह्रास (=150) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{FC}=1800\), NFIA (=100), and depreciation (=150) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹1750 करोड़₹1750 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC already है इसलिए NIT adjustment नहीं चाहिए। / \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation=1750\) crore. Since FC is already given, no NIT adjustment is needed.

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\(GNP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) निकालने के लिए कौन-सा adjustment जरूरी है?

Which adjustment is needed to derive \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(GNP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. केवल मूल्यह्रास घटानाOnly subtract depreciation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GNP_{FC}\) पहले से national और factor cost पर है इसलिए केवल gross से net conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में unnecessary adjustment से बचें। / \(GNP_{FC}\) is already national and at factor cost, so only gross to net conversion is needed. Avoid unnecessary adjustments in exams.

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यदि \(GNP_{FC}=1300\) और \(NNP_{FC}=1180\) करोड़ है, तो consumption of fixed capital कितना है?

If \(GNP_{FC}=1300\) and \(NNP_{FC}=1180\) crore, what is consumption of fixed capital?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹120 करोड़₹120 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Consumption of fixed capital depreciation ही है और (1300-1180=120) करोड़। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation समझें। / Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation and (1300-1180=120) crore. In exams understand the gross-net difference as depreciation.

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यदि domestic product national product से अधिक है, तो NFIA के बारे में कौन-सा निष्कर्ष सही है?

If domestic product is greater than national product, which conclusion about NFIA is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA ऋणात्मक हैNFIA is negative

Explanation

Simple Explanation

National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), इसलिए domestic अधिक होने पर NFIA negative होता है। परीक्षा में relation को sign से जोड़ें। / National product (= Domestic product + NFIA), so if domestic is greater, NFIA is negative. In exams link the relation with the sign.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{MP}\), तो निम्न में से कौन-सा निष्कर्ष सही है?

If \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{MP}\), which conclusion is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA शून्य हैNFIA is zero

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP और NDP के बीच अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price level पर national-domestic equality का मतलब NFIA zero समझें। / The difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price level, national-domestic equality means NFIA is zero.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1200\), अप्रत्यक्ष कर (=150), और subsidies (=60) करोड़ हैं, तो राष्ट्रीय आय कितनी होगी?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1200\), indirect taxes (=150), and subsidies (=60) crore, what is national income?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹1110 करोड़₹1110 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=150-60=90), इसलिए राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) करोड़। परीक्षा में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) मानें। / NIT (=150-60=90), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=1200-90=1110\) crore. Treat National Income as \(NNP_{FC}\) in exams.

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किस विकल्प में \(NNP_{MP}\) से \(GNP_{MP}\) तक reverse conversion सही है?

Which option correctly shows reverse conversion from \(NNP_{MP}\) to \(GNP_{MP}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. मूल्यह्रास जोड़नाAdd depreciation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP से GNP जाने के लिए net से gross conversion होता है और depreciation जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में reverse formula में signs बदलते हैं। / Moving from NNP to GNP is net to gross conversion, so depreciation is added. In exams signs change in reverse formulas.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1450\) और depreciation (=90) करोड़ है, तो \(GNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1450\) and depreciation (=90) crore, what is \(GNP_{MP}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹1540 करोड़₹1540 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value से gross value पाने के लिए depreciation जोड़ें। / \(GNP_{MP}=NNP_{MP}+Depreciation=1540\) crore. Add depreciation to get gross value from net value in exams.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=80), और NIT (=50) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NDP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=80), and NIT (=50) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹1030 करोड़₹1030 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पहले \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net value होने से depreciation adjustment नहीं करें। / First \(NNP_{MP}=1000+80=1080\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1080-50=1030\) crore. Since it is already net, do not adjust depreciation.

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\(NNP_{FC}\) को factor cost पर क्यों मापा जाता है?

Why is \(NNP_{FC}\) measured at factor cost?

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A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली वास्तविक factor income दिखाता हैBecause it shows actual factor income received by factors of production

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Factor cost पर माप factor payments को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को income method के final national income से जोड़ें। / Measurement at factor cost represents factor payments. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) with final national income under income method.

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किस विकल्प में गलत matching दी गई है?

Which option gives an incorrect matching?

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Correct Answer

D. Net to Gross - NFIA

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Net to gross conversion depreciation से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में हर conversion का अलग keyword याद रखें। / Net to gross conversion is done through depreciation, not NFIA. In exams remember a separate keyword for each conversion.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=2500\), NIT (=200), depreciation (=300), और NFIA (=100) करोड़ है, तो राष्ट्रीय आय कितनी होगी?

If \(GDP_{MP}=2500\), NIT (=200), depreciation (=300), and NFIA (=100) crore, what is national income?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹2100 करोड़₹2100 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) करोड़। परीक्षा में सभी adjustments को सही sign से लगाएं। / National income \(=NNP_{FC}=2500+100-300-200=2100\) crore. Apply all adjustments with correct signs in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) और \(GNP_{MP}\) के बीच अंतर (+60) करोड़ है, तो यह अंतर किसका संकेत है?

If the difference between \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(GNP_{MP}\) is (+60) crore, what does this difference indicate?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. NFIA (=+60) करोड़NFIA (=+60) crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP और GDP का अंतर NFIA होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national product का difference विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय से जोड़ें। / The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams link the domestic-national product difference with net factor income from abroad.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=1600\), \(GNP_{MP}=1550\), और depreciation (=100) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=1600\), \(GNP_{MP}=1550\), and depreciation (=100) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹1450 करोड़₹1450 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(GNP_{MP}\) मिलते ही depreciation घटाकर \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालें। / \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1550-100=1450\) crore. Once \(GNP_{MP}\) is given, subtract depreciation to get \(NNP_{MP}\).

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यदि निवासी विदेश से factor income कमाते हैं और विदेशियों को घरेलू क्षेत्र से अधिक factor income जाती है, तो NFIA कैसा होगा?

If residents earn factor income from abroad but foreigners receive more factor income from the domestic territory, how will NFIA be?

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Correct Answer

A. ऋणात्मकNegative

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA abroad से प्राप्त income minus abroad को paid income है। यदि paid income अधिक है तो NFIA negative होगा। / NFIA is income received from abroad minus income paid abroad. If paid income is higher, NFIA will be negative.

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किस कारण (NNP) को (GNP) की तुलना में अधिक refined measure माना जाता है?

Why is (NNP) considered a more refined measure than (GNP)?

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Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि यह capital wear and tear को घटाता हैBecause it deducts capital wear and tear

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP depreciation घटाकर economy की net productive capacity दिखाता है। परीक्षा में GNP को gross और NNP को net measure समझें। / NNP deducts depreciation and shows the economy's net productive capacity. In exams treat GNP as gross and NNP as net measure.

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किस स्थिति में \(NNP_{FC}\) directly national income के बराबर नहीं समझना गलत होगा?

In which situation would it be wrong not to treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as directly equal to national income?

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Correct Answer

A. जब question national income at factor cost पूछता हैWhen the question asks national income at factor cost

Explanation

Simple Explanation

National income at factor cost का standard aggregate \(NNP_{FC}\) है। परीक्षा में शब्द बदलने पर भी concept पहचानें। / The standard aggregate for national income at factor cost is \(NNP_{FC}\). In exams identify the concept even if wording changes.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), तो \(NDP_{FC}\) निकालने का सही सूत्र कौन-सा है?

If \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), which formula correctly derives \(NDP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. \(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Reverse conversion में NFIA घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में formula rearrangement करते समय signs पर ध्यान दें। / NFIA is subtracted in reverse conversion. In exams pay attention to signs while rearranging formulas.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1250\) और NFIA (=-30) करोड़ है, तो \(NDP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1250\) and NFIA (=-30) crore, what is \(NDP_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹1280 करोड़₹1280 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है। / (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{FC}-NFIA=1250-(-30)=1280) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA increases the value.

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अगर \(NNP_{MP}\) से \(NDP_{FC}\) निकालना हो, तो कौन-सा combination सही है?

If \(NDP_{FC}\) is to be derived from \(NNP_{MP}\), which combination is correct?

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A. NFIA घटाएं और NIT घटाएंSubtract NFIA and subtract NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

National से domestic के लिए NFIA घटता है और MP से FC के लिए NIT घटता है। परीक्षा में दोनों conversions को अलग-अलग लागू करें। / For national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted and for MP to FC, NIT is subtracted. Apply both conversions separately in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=40), और NIT (=70) करोड़ है, तो \(NDP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=40), and NIT (=70) crore, what is \(NDP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹890 करोड़₹890 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic और MP से FC दोनों में subtraction करें। / \(NDP_{FC}=1000-40-70=890\) crore. In exams subtract for both national to domestic and MP to FC conversions.

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कौन-सा item (NNP) में current production के रूप में नहीं गिना जाएगा?

Which item will not be counted as current production in (NNP)?

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A. पुरानी कार की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्यFull resale value of an old car

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पुरानी कार का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods के commission को अलग से current service माना जा सकता है। / The full resale value of an old car is not current production. In exams commission on second-hand goods can be treated as current service separately.

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पुरानी मशीन की बिक्री पर ₹10 करोड़ commission मिला और मशीन का resale value ₹200 करोड़ है, NNP में क्या शामिल होगा?

A commission of ₹10 crore is earned on sale of an old machine and resale value is ₹200 crore, what will be included in NNP?

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A. केवल ₹10 करोड़ commissionOnly ₹10 crore commission

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पुरानी मशीन का पूरा मूल्य current output नहीं है पर commission वर्तमान सेवा है। परीक्षा में transaction value और service income को अलग करें। / The full value of the old machine is not current output but commission is a current service. In exams separate transaction value from service income.

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यदि छात्रवृत्ति और बेरोजगारी भत्ता को NNP में जोड़ दिया जाए, तो कौन-सी गलती होगी?

If scholarship and unemployment allowance are added to NNP, what error occurs?

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A. Transfer payments को factor income मानने की गलतीError of treating transfer payments as factor income

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Transfer payments के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में इन्हें national income में include न करें। / Transfer payments do not involve current productive service in return. Do not include them in national income in exams.

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स्वयं के घर में परिवार के लिए खाना पकाने को NNP से बाहर रखने का प्रमुख technical कारण क्या है?

What is the main technical reason for excluding cooking for one's own family from NNP?

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A. इसका reliable market valuation कठिन हैIts reliable market valuation is difficult

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Own-account household services का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन और असंगत हो सकता है। परीक्षा में market और non-market services में अंतर करें। / Market valuation of own-account household services can be difficult and inconsistent. In exams distinguish market and non-market services.

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कौन-सा transaction NNP में शामिल होने की सबसे अधिक संभावना रखता है?

Which transaction is most likely to be included in NNP?

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A. Doctor की paid consultation serviceDoctor's paid consultation service

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Doctor की paid consultation current productive service है। परीक्षा में productive service और transfer receipt को अलग करें। / Doctor's paid consultation is a current productive service. In exams distinguish productive service from transfer receipt.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) में wages, rent, interest और profit जोड़े जाते हैं, तो यह कौन-सी method logic दिखाता है?

If wages, rent, interest and profit are added in \(NNP_{FC}\), which method logic does it show?

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A. Income method logic

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Wages, rent, interest और profit factor incomes हैं इसलिए यह income method logic है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को factor income aggregate मानें। / Wages, rent, interest and profit are factor incomes, so this is income method logic. Treat \(NNP_{FC}\) as a factor income aggregate in exams.

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किस item को \(NNP_{FC}\) में factor income की तरह शामिल नहीं करना चाहिए?

Which item should not be included in \(NNP_{FC}\) as factor income?

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A. Old age pension

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Old age pension transfer payment है, factor service का reward नहीं। परीक्षा में factor payments और transfers को अलग रखें। / Old age pension is a transfer payment, not a reward for factor service. In exams keep factor payments and transfers separate.

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किस स्थिति में \(NNP_{MP}\) \(NNP_{FC}\) से कम हो सकता है?

In which situation can \(NNP_{MP}\) be less than \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. जब subsidies अप्रत्यक्ष करों से अधिक होंWhen subsidies are greater than indirect taxes

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Subsidies अधिक होने पर NIT negative होता है और \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative NIT की स्थिति समझें। / When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and \(NNP_{FC}\) becomes greater than \(NNP_{MP}\). Understand the negative NIT case in exams.

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यदि indirect taxes ₹80 करोड़ और subsidies ₹110 करोड़ हैं, तो \(NNP_{MP}=700\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If indirect taxes are ₹80 crore and subsidies are ₹110 crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(NNP_{MP}=700\)?

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C. ₹730 करोड़₹730 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=80-110=-30), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) करोड़। परीक्षा में subsidy अधिक होने पर factor cost value बढ़ सकती है। / NIT (=80-110=-30), so (NNP_{FC}=700-(-30)=730) crore. When subsidy is higher, factor cost value can rise.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}\) और \(GDP_{MP}\) बराबर हैं, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालते समय कौन-सा तथ्य निश्चित है?

If \(GNP_{MP}\) and \(GDP_{MP}\) are equal, which fact is certain while calculating \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. NFIA शून्य हैNFIA is zero

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP और GDP में अंतर NFIA का होता है। परीक्षा में equality का अर्थ same price level पर NFIA zero समझें। / The difference between GNP and GDP is NFIA. In exams equality at the same price level means NFIA is zero.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\) और depreciation ₹70 करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कैसे निकलेगा?

If \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\) and depreciation is ₹70 crore, how will \(NNP_{MP}\) be derived?

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A. \(GDP_{MP}-70\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

जब \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), तब \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\) होगा। परीक्षा में equality को shortcut की तरह लें। / When \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=GDP_{MP}-70\). Use equality as a shortcut in exams.

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किस विकल्प में \(NNP_{FC}\) तक पहुंचने में depreciation adjustment की जरूरत नहीं है?

In which option is depreciation adjustment not needed to reach \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. \(NDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\)From \(NDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, केवल NFIA जोड़ना होता है। परीक्षा में D से N जाने में depreciation न लगाएं। / \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, only NFIA is added. Do not apply depreciation when moving from D to N in exams.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=850\), NIT (=90), और NFIA (=-20) करोड़ है, तो राष्ट्रीय आय कितनी होगी?

If \(NDP_{MP}=850\), NIT (=90), and NFIA (=-20) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹740 करोड़₹740 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

राष्ट्रीय आय \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) करोड़। परीक्षा में \(NDP_{MP}\) से net होने के कारण depreciation घटाने की जरूरत नहीं है। / National income \(=NNP_{FC}=850-20-90=740\) crore. Since \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, no depreciation deduction is needed.

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\(NNP_{FC}\) में शामिल factor payments के संदर्भ में profit का अर्थ क्या है?

In the context of factor payments included in \(NNP_{FC}\), what does profit mean?

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A. उद्यमिता को मिला प्रतिफलReward received by entrepreneurship

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Profit उद्यमी factor का reward है इसलिए factor income में आता है। परीक्षा में profit को transfer receipt से अलग पहचानें। / Profit is the reward of the entrepreneurial factor, so it is factor income. In exams distinguish profit from transfer receipts.

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यदि किसी प्रश्न में राष्ट्रीय आय और \(NNP_{FC}\) दोनों options हों, तो सही interpretation क्या है?

If a question has both national income and \(NNP_{FC}\) as options, what is the correct interpretation?

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A. दोनों समान concept हैंBoth are the same concept

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Class 12 macroeconomics में National Income को \(NNP_{FC}\) कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में terminology trap से बचें। / In Class 12 macroeconomics, National Income is called \(NNP_{FC}\). Avoid terminology traps in exams.

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किसे (NNP) में double counting रोकने के लिए exclude किया जाता है?

What is excluded from (NNP) to prevent double counting?

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A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का अलग मूल्यSeparate value of intermediate goods

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Intermediate goods का value final goods में शामिल होता है इसलिए अलग से जोड़ना double counting करेगा। परीक्षा में final output approach याद रखें। / The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so adding it separately causes double counting. Remember the final output approach in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1400\) और \(NNP_{FC}=1320\) करोड़ है, तो subsidies और indirect taxes के बारे में क्या निष्कर्ष निकलेगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1400\) and \(NNP_{FC}=1320\) crore, what conclusion follows about subsidies and indirect taxes?

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A. NIT (=80) करोड़ और indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैंNIT (=80) crore and indirect taxes are greater than subsidies

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) करोड़ है। Positive NIT का अर्थ indirect taxes subsidies से अधिक हैं। / NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=80\) crore. Positive NIT means indirect taxes are greater than subsidies.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1500\), \(NDP_{FC}=1560\) करोड़ है, तो NFIA कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1500\), \(NDP_{FC}=1560\) crore, what is NFIA?

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Correct Answer

B. ₹-60 करोड़₹-60 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA \(=NNP_{FC}-NDP_{FC}=1500-1560=-60\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national product कम होने पर NFIA negative होता है। / NFIA \(=NNP_{FC}-NDP_{FC}=1500-1560=-60\) crore. When national product is lower, NFIA is negative.

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यदि केवल \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation और NIT दिए हों, तो राष्ट्रीय आय निकालने में NFIA की जरूरत क्यों नहीं है?

If only \(GNP_{MP}\), depreciation and NIT are given, why is NFIA not needed to calculate national income?

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A. क्योंकि GNP पहले से national aggregate हैBecause GNP is already a national aggregate

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP already national concept है, इसलिए domestic से national conversion की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के initial form को पहचानें। / GNP is already a national concept, so domestic to national conversion is not needed. Identify the initial form of aggregate in exams.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=2200\), depreciation (=250), indirect taxes (=180), subsidies (=80) करोड़ हैं, तो national income कितनी होगी?

If \(GNP_{MP}=2200\), depreciation (=250), indirect taxes (=180), subsidies (=80) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹1850 करोड़₹1850 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=180-80=100), इसलिए national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT दोनों घटाएं। / NIT (=180-80=100), so national income \(=NNP_{FC}=2200-250-100=1850\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract both depreciation and NIT.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) प्राप्त करना हो और NFIA ऋणात्मक हो, तो कौन-सा formula सही है?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is to be derived from \(GDP_{MP}\) and NFIA is negative, which formula is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA negative हो तब भी formula में NFIA जोड़ा जाता है, जिससे value घटती है। परीक्षा में sign को number के साथ ही apply करें। / Even when NFIA is negative, it is added in the formula, reducing the value. In exams apply the sign along with the number.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=3000\), NFIA (=-120), depreciation (=250), और NIT (=180) करोड़ है, तो national income कितनी होगी?

If \(GDP_{MP}=3000\), NFIA (=-120), depreciation (=250), and NIT (=180) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹2450 करोड़₹2450 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA और NIT दोनों घटते हैं। / National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) crore. In exams negative NFIA and NIT both reduce the value.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) \(NNP_{FC}\) से कम है, तो कौन-सी स्थिति सबसे संभव है?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is less than \(NNP_{FC}\), which situation is most possible?

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Correct Answer

A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैंSubsidies are greater than indirect taxes

Explanation

Simple Explanation

जब subsidies अधिक होती हैं तो NIT negative होता है और factor cost value market price से अधिक हो सकती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT वाली स्थिति पहचानें। / When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and factor cost value can exceed market price. In exams identify the negative NIT case.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=780\) और \(NNP_{FC}=830\) करोड़ है, तो NIT कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=780\) and \(NNP_{FC}=830\) crore, what is NIT?

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Correct Answer

B. ₹-50 करोड़₹-50 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=780-830=-50\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC अधिक होने पर NIT negative होता है। / NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=780-830=-50\) crore. In exams when FC is higher, NIT is negative.

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\(NDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) निकालने में कौन-से दो adjustment लगते हैं?

Which two adjustments are used to derive \(NNP_{FC}\) from \(NDP_{MP}\)?

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A. NFIA जोड़ना और NIT घटानाAdd NFIA and subtract NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NDP_{MP}\) पहले से net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में केवल domestic-national और MP-FC conversion करें। / \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is needed. In exams do only domestic-national and MP-FC conversion.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=1250\), NFIA (=60), और NIT (=110) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NDP_{MP}=1250\), NFIA (=60), and NIT (=110) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹1200 करोड़₹1200 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation फिर से न घटाएं। / \(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) crore. Do not subtract depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.

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यदि \(GNP_{FC}\) और \(NNP_{FC}\) के बीच अंतर बहुत अधिक है, तो इसका सबसे सीधा कारण क्या है?

If the difference between \(GNP_{FC}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) is very large, what is the most direct reason?

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A. उच्च depreciationHigh depreciation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNPFC और NNPFC का अंतर depreciation होता है। परीक्षा में same national और same cost basis पर gross-net difference देखें। / The difference between GNPFC and NNPFC is depreciation. At the same national and cost basis, check gross-net difference in exams.

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यदि \(GNP_{FC}=2100\) और consumption of fixed capital ₹260 करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GNP_{FC}=2100\) and consumption of fixed capital is ₹260 crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1840 करोड़₹1840 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Consumption of fixed capital depreciation है, इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) करोड़। परीक्षा में दोनों नामों को एक ही adjustment मानें। / Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation, so \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) crore. Treat both names as the same adjustment in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) को \(GNP_{MP}\) से निकाला जा रहा है, तो कौन-सा adjustment अनावश्यक है?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is being derived from \(GNP_{MP}\), which adjustment is unnecessary?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA adjustment

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के national या domestic nature को पहले पहचानें। / GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. First identify whether the aggregate is national or domestic in exams.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=1750\), depreciation (=130), और NIT (=75) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GNP_{MP}=1750\), depreciation (=130), and NIT (=75) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1545 करोड़₹1545 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=1750-130-75=1545\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT घटते हैं। / \(NNP_{FC}=1750-130-75=1545\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC, depreciation and NIT are subtracted.

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कौन-सा relation \(NNP_{MP}\) और \(NDP_{MP}\) के लिए सही है?

Which relation is correct for \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NDP_{MP}\)?

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A. \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP और NDP में national-domestic difference NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price और same net basis पर NFIA ही adjustment है। / The national-domestic difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price and net basis, NFIA is the adjustment.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=1600\) और \(NNP_{MP}=1525\) करोड़ है, तो NFIA कितना है?

If \(NDP_{MP}=1600\) and \(NNP_{MP}=1525\) crore, what is NFIA?

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Correct Answer

B. ₹-75 करोड़₹-75 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national value कम होने पर NFIA negative समझें। / NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) crore. When national value is lower, treat NFIA as negative in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालना हो, तो कौन-सा combination सही है?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is to be derived from \(GDP_{FC}\), which combination is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT जोड़ेंAdd NFIA, subtract depreciation, add NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GDP_{FC}\) से national और net बनाने के बाद MP के लिए NIT जोड़ना होगा। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें। / From \(GDP_{FC}\), after making it national and net, add NIT for MP. In exams add NIT when moving from FC to MP.

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}=1400\), NFIA (=50), depreciation (=90), और NIT (=40) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{FC}=1400\), NFIA (=50), depreciation (=90), and NIT (=40) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹1400 करोड़₹1400 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) करोड़। परीक्षा में final price basis बदलते समय NIT का sign सही रखें। / \(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) crore. Keep the sign of NIT correct when changing the final price basis.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) से \(GDP_{MP}\) तक reverse conversion करना हो, तो कौन-सा क्रम सही है?

If reverse conversion is to be made from \(NNP_{FC}\) to \(GDP_{MP}\), which sequence is correct?

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A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT जोड़ेंSubtract NFIA, add depreciation, add NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPFC से GDPMP के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में reverse movement में signs बदलें। / From NNPFC to GDPMP, convert national to domestic, net to gross and FC to MP. Change signs in reverse movement in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1800\), NFIA (=100), depreciation (=150), और NIT (=80) करोड़ है, तो \(GDP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1800\), NFIA (=100), depreciation (=150), and NIT (=80) crore, what is \(GDP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹1930 करोड़₹1930 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GDPMP तक NFIA घटता और depreciation, NIT जुड़ते हैं। / \(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) crore. From NNPFC to GDPMP, NFIA is subtracted and depreciation and NIT are added.

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किस option में \(NNP_{FC}\) को सही conceptual form में बताया गया है?

Which option states \(NNP_{FC}\) in the correct conceptual form?

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A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध factor incomeNet factor income earned by normal residents

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}\) national income है और normal residents की factor income से संबंधित है। परीक्षा में territorial output और resident income में अंतर रखें। / \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and relates to factor income of normal residents. Keep the difference between territorial output and resident income clear.

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विदेशी कंपनी का भारत में अर्जित profit किस conversion में विशेष महत्व रखता है?

Profit earned by a foreign company in India is especially important in which conversion?

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A. Domestic product से national productDomestic product to national product

Explanation

Simple Explanation

विदेशियों को गई factor income NFIA को प्रभावित करती है। परीक्षा में domestic territory की income और residents की income अलग करें। / Factor income paid to foreigners affects NFIA. In exams separate domestic territory income from residents' income.

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यदि विदेश से प्राप्त factor income ₹90 करोड़ और विदेश को दी गई factor income ₹130 करोड़ है, तो NFIA कितना होगा?

If factor income received from abroad is ₹90 crore and factor income paid abroad is ₹130 crore, what is NFIA?

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B. ₹-40 करोड़₹-40 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA (=90-130=-40) करोड़। परीक्षा में received minus paid का order न बदलें। / NFIA (=90-130=-40) crore. In exams do not change the order of received minus paid.

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यदि NFIA negative है, तो कौन-सा statement सही है?

If NFIA is negative, which statement is correct?

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A. विदेश को दी गई factor income विदेश से प्राप्त income से अधिक हैFactor income paid abroad is greater than income received from abroad

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA negative होने का अर्थ paid abroad income ज्यादा है। परीक्षा में NFIA का sign foreign income flows से समझें। / Negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher. In exams understand the sign of NFIA through foreign income flows.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) में transfer payments जोड़ दिए जाएं, तो माप में कौन-सी समस्या आएगी?

If transfer payments are added to \(NNP_{FC}\), what problem will arise in measurement?

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A. Non-factor income शामिल हो जाएगीNon-factor income will be included

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Transfer payments factor service के बदले नहीं मिलते। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को केवल factor income से जोड़ें। / Transfer payments are not received for factor service. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) only with factor income.

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कौन-सी आय \(NNP_{FC}\) में शामिल नहीं होनी चाहिए?

Which income should not be included in \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. लॉटरी पुरस्कारLottery prize

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Lottery prize transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में productive service के reward को ही factor income मानें। / Lottery prize is a transfer receipt, not factor income. In exams treat only rewards for productive services as factor income.

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पुराने shares की बिक्री में broker commission को NNP में शामिल करने का कारण क्या है?

What is the reason for including broker commission on sale of old shares in NNP?

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A. यह चालू वर्ष की productive service हैIt is a productive service of the current year

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पुराने shares का मूल्य current output नहीं है, पर broker service current production है। परीक्षा में asset transfer और service output अलग करें। / The value of old shares is not current output, but broker service is current production. In exams separate asset transfer from service output.

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किस item को NNP में final output के रूप में शामिल किया जाएगा?

Which item will be included as final output in NNP?

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A. नए computer की अंतिम बिक्रीFinal sale of a new computer

Explanation

Simple Explanation

नई final good की sale current production है। परीक्षा में intermediate component को अलग से जोड़ने से double counting होगी। / Sale of a new final good is current production. Separately adding an intermediate component causes double counting in exams.

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NNP में intermediate goods को exclude करने का advanced reason क्या है?

What is the advanced reason for excluding intermediate goods from NNP?

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A. उनका मूल्य final goods में already embodied होता हैTheir value is already embodied in final goods

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Intermediate goods का value final output में शामिल रहता है। परीक्षा में value added या final product approach से double counting रोकें। / The value of intermediate goods is included in final output. Use value added or final product approach to avoid double counting.

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यदि एक baker flour ₹20 में खरीदकर bread ₹50 में बेचता है, तो final product approach में कितना जोड़ा जाएगा?

If a baker buys flour for ₹20 and sells bread for ₹50, how much is added under final product approach?

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A. ₹50

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Final product approach में केवल bread का अंतिम मूल्य ₹50 लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में flour को अलग जोड़ना double counting करेगा। / Under final product approach only the final value of bread, ₹50, is taken. Adding flour separately causes double counting in exams.

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उसी baker उदाहरण में value added approach से कितना value added होगा?

In the same baker example, what is value added under value added approach?

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A. ₹30

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Value added (=50-20=30) है। परीक्षा में final product और value added approach अलग दिख सकते हैं पर double counting रोकते हैं। / Value added (=50-20=30). In exams final product and value added approaches may look different but both avoid double counting.

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यदि final goods का मूल्य ₹1000 और intermediate goods का अलग मूल्य ₹400 जोड़ दिया गया, तो कौन-सी गलती होगी?

If final goods worth ₹1000 and intermediate goods worth ₹400 are both added separately, what error occurs?

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A. Double counting

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Intermediate goods final goods के value में शामिल होते हैं, इसलिए अलग जोड़ना double counting है। परीक्षा में final goods only rule याद रखें। / Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods, so adding them separately is double counting. Remember the final goods only rule.

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कौन-सा example NNP में current production exclusion को सही दिखाता है?

Which example correctly shows exclusion from current production in NNP?

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A. पुरानी किताब की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्यFull resale value of an old book

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पुरानी किताब का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में current year output को पुराने asset transfer से अलग करें। / Full resale value of an old book is not current production. In exams separate current year output from old asset transfer.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) में unpaid voluntary teaching को जोड़ना हो, तो मुख्य difficulty क्या होगी?

If unpaid voluntary teaching is to be added in \(NNP_{FC}\), what is the main difficulty?

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A. Market valuation और recording कठिन होगीMarket valuation and recording will be difficult

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Unpaid services का reliable market value और record तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include और unpaid personal services को सामान्यतः exclude करें। / Reliable market value and record of unpaid services are difficult to determine. Include paid productive services and generally exclude unpaid personal services.

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किस transaction में NNP के लिए केवल service charge शामिल होगा, full asset value नहीं?

In which transaction will only service charge be included in NNP, not full asset value?

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A. पुरानी property की sale पर agent commissionAgent commission on sale of old property

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Old property का full value current production नहीं है, पर agent commission current service है। परीक्षा में old asset और service charge अलग करें। / Full value of old property is not current production, but agent commission is current service. Separate old asset and service charge in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) में illegal market activity को शामिल न किया जाए, तो practical reason क्या हो सकता है?

If illegal market activity is not included in \(NNP_{FC}\), what may be the practical reason?

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A. विश्वसनीय data और legal reporting की कमीLack of reliable data and legal reporting

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अवैध गतिविधियों का reliable record उपलब्ध नहीं होता। परीक्षा में national income accounting की data limitations समझें। / Reliable records of illegal activities are not available. In exams understand data limitations of national income accounting.

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यदि किसी देश में depreciation तेज़ी से बढ़े लेकिन GNP उतना ही रहे, तो NNP किस economic issue को संकेत करेगा?

If depreciation rises sharply while GNP remains the same, what economic issue will NNP indicate?

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A. Net output capacity में कमीFall in net output capacity

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अधिक depreciation से net product कम होता है। परीक्षा में NNP को capital wear के बाद बची productive capacity का संकेत मानें। / Higher depreciation reduces net product. Treat NNP as an indicator of productive capacity left after capital wear.

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यदि GNP बढ़ रहा है पर depreciation उससे भी तेज़ बढ़ रहा है, तो NNP के बारे में कौन-सा निष्कर्ष संभव है?

If GNP is rising but depreciation is rising faster, which conclusion about NNP is possible?

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A. NNP कम हो सकता हैNNP may fall

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP GNP से depreciation घटाने पर मिलता है, इसलिए तेज depreciation growth NNP घटा सकती है। परीक्षा में changes को formula से compare करें। / NNP is obtained after subtracting depreciation from GNP, so faster depreciation growth can reduce NNP. Compare changes using the formula in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) बढ़े लेकिन \(NNP_{MP}\) समान रहे, तो कौन-सी स्थिति संभव है?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) increases while \(NNP_{MP}\) remains same, which situation is possible?

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A. NIT घट गया हैNIT has decreased

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), इसलिए NNPMP समान रहते हुए NIT घटने से NNPFC बढ़ सकता है। परीक्षा में MP-FC relation से inference करें। / \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so if NNPMP is constant, a fall in NIT can raise NNPFC. Infer through MP-FC relation in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ा लेकिन NIT भी उतना ही बढ़ा, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) पर क्या प्रभाव हो सकता है?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) rises but NIT rises by the same amount, what may happen to \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. यह समान रह सकता हैIt may remain same

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPFC market price value से NIT घटाकर मिलता है। परीक्षा में equal increase होने पर net effect zero हो सकता है। / NNPFC is obtained by subtracting NIT from market price value. In exams equal increases can make the net effect zero.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA\), तो \(NNP_{MP}\) का expanded formula कौन-सा है?

If \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA\), what is the expanded formula for \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPMP पाने के लिए GNPMP से depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में expanded formula बनाते समय दो relations जोड़ें। / To get NNPMP, depreciation is subtracted from GNPMP. Combine two relations while forming expanded formula in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=1900\), NFIA (=70), और depreciation (=160) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=1900\), NFIA (=70), and depreciation (=160) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹1810 करोड़₹1810 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=1900+70-160=1810\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPMP के लिए NIT adjustment नहीं करें। / \(NNP_{MP}=1900+70-160=1810\) crore. Do not apply NIT adjustment for NNPMP in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) दिया है और national income पूछी गई है, तो कौन-सी अतिरिक्त जानकारी सबसे जरूरी है?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is given and national income is asked, which additional information is most necessary?

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A. NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

National income \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{MP}\) से इसे पाने के लिए NIT चाहिए। परीक्षा में price basis conversion पहचानें। / National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and NIT is needed to derive it from \(NNP_{MP}\). Identify price basis conversion in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1150\), indirect taxes (=140), और subsidies (=40) करोड़ हैं, तो national income कितनी है?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1150\), indirect taxes (=140), and subsidies (=40) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹1050 करोड़₹1050 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=140-40=100), इसलिए national income (=1150-100=1050) करोड़। परीक्षा में indirect tax और subsidy से NIT पहले निकालें। / NIT (=140-40=100), so national income (=1150-100=1050) crore. First calculate NIT from indirect tax and subsidy.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1000\), indirect taxes (=90), और subsidies (=120) करोड़ हैं, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1000\), indirect taxes (=90), and subsidies (=120) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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Correct Answer

A. ₹970 करोड़₹970 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=90-120=-30), इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें, चाहे वह negative हो। / NIT (=90-120=-30), so \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) crore. Add NIT when moving from FC to MP, even if it is negative.

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किस conversion में NIT का कोई उपयोग नहीं होगा?

In which conversion is NIT not used?

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Correct Answer

A. \(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\)From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{MP}\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNPMP से NNPMP में केवल gross से net conversion है, इसलिए depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में same price basis होने पर NIT न लगाएं। / From GNPMP to NNPMP, only gross to net conversion is involved, so depreciation is deducted. Do not use NIT when price basis is the same.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=2000\) और \(NNP_{MP}=1760\) करोड़ है, तो depreciation कितना है?

If \(GNP_{MP}=2000\) and \(NNP_{MP}=1760\) crore, what is depreciation?

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A. ₹240 करोड़₹240 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) करोड़। परीक्षा में same MP basis पर GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation होता है। / Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) crore. At the same MP basis, the difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}\), तो कौन-सा conclusion सही है?

If \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}\), which conclusion is correct?

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Correct Answer

A. NFIA शून्य हैNFIA is zero

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Same net और factor cost basis पर NNP और NDP का अंतर केवल NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में equality का reason price basis से नहीं जोड़ें। / On the same net and factor cost basis, the difference between NNP and NDP comes only from NFIA. Do not link this equality with price basis in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NDP_{FC}\) से अधिक है, तो NFIA कैसा होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is greater than \(NDP_{FC}\), how will NFIA be?

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Correct Answer

A. धनात्मकPositive

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), इसलिए NNPFC अधिक होने पर NFIA positive है। परीक्षा में relation से sign निकालें। / \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), so if NNPFC is greater, NFIA is positive. Derive the sign from the relation in exams.

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यदि \(NDP_{FC}=950\) और \(NNP_{FC}=1010\) करोड़ है, तो NFIA कितना होगा?

If \(NDP_{FC}=950\) and \(NNP_{FC}=1010\) crore, what is NFIA?

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A. ₹60 करोड़₹60 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA (=1010-950=60) करोड़। परीक्षा में national product अधिक हो तो NFIA positive होता है। / NFIA (=1010-950=60) crore. In exams when national product is higher, NFIA is positive.

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किस statement में (NNP) और welfare के संबंध को सावधानी से समझाया गया है?

Which statement explains the relation between (NNP) and welfare carefully?

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Correct Answer

A. NNP output बताता है, पर welfare को पूरी तरह नहीं मापताNNP shows output but does not fully measure welfare

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP net output का measure है, लेकिन distribution और non-market factors अलग रह सकते हैं। परीक्षा में income aggregate को welfare का perfect index न मानें। / NNP is a measure of net output, but distribution and non-market factors may differ. Do not treat income aggregates as perfect welfare indexes.

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यदि NNP बढ़ता है लेकिन income distribution बहुत असमान हो जाती है, तो welfare conclusion कैसा होगा?

If NNP rises but income distribution becomes highly unequal, what kind of welfare conclusion follows?

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A. Welfare पर निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलेगाNo definite conclusion about welfare can be drawn

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNP total net output दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में welfare questions में inequality को limitation मानें। / NNP shows total net output, not distribution. In welfare questions, treat inequality as a limitation.

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NNP से जुड़े तीन प्रमुख conversion keywords का सही set कौन-सा है?

Which is the correct set of three major conversion keywords related to NNP?

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A. Depreciation, NFIA, NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Gross-net के लिए depreciation, domestic-national के लिए NFIA और MP-FC के लिए NIT उपयोग होता है। परीक्षा में ये तीन keywords NNP numericals की backbone हैं। / Depreciation is used for gross-net, NFIA for domestic-national and NIT for MP-FC. These three keywords are the backbone of NNP numericals.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=2100\), NFIA (=80), depreciation (=170), indirect taxes (=140), और subsidies (=50) करोड़ हैं, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=2100\), NFIA (=80), depreciation (=170), indirect taxes (=140), and subsidies (=50) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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Correct Answer

B. ₹1920 करोड़₹1920 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=140-50=90), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर सभी adjustments सही sign से लगाएं। / NIT (=140-50=90), so \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then apply all adjustments with correct signs.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक conversion में NFIA और NIT दोनों ऋणात्मक हों, तो कौन-सा formula सही रहेगा?

If both NFIA and NIT are negative in conversion from \(GDP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), which formula remains correct?

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A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Formula वही रहता है और signs values के साथ apply होते हैं। परीक्षा में negative NIT घटाने पर value बढ़ सकती है। / The formula remains the same and signs are applied with values. In exams subtracting negative NIT may increase the value.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=2800\), NFIA (=-90), depreciation (=210), indirect taxes (=160), और subsidies (=220) करोड़ हैं, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=2800\), NFIA (=-90), depreciation (=210), indirect taxes (=160), and subsidies (=220) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹2560 करोड़₹2560 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=160-220=-60), इसलिए (NNP_{FC}=2800-90-210-(-60)=2560) करोड़। परीक्षा में NIT पहले निकालें। / NIT (=160-220=-60), so (NNP_{FC}=2800-90-210-(-60)=2560) crore. In exams calculate NIT first.

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यदि \(NDP_{FC}\) दिया हो और national income चाहिए, तो कौन-सा adjustment सही है?

If \(NDP_{FC}\) is given and national income is required, which adjustment is correct?

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A. NFIA जोड़नाAdd NFIA

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NDP_{FC}\) पहले से net और factor cost पर है, इसलिए केवल domestic से national conversion चाहिए। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\) याद रखें। / \(NDP_{FC}\) is already net and at factor cost, so only domestic to national conversion is needed. Remember \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\).

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यदि \(NDP_{FC}=1750\) और विदेश से प्राप्त factor income ₹120 करोड़ तथा विदेश को दी गई factor income ₹170 करोड़ है, तो national income कितनी होगी?

If \(NDP_{FC}=1750\) and factor income received from abroad is ₹120 crore while factor income paid abroad is ₹170 crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹1700 करोड़₹1700 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA (=120-170=-50), इसलिए national income (=1750-50=1700) करोड़। परीक्षा में received minus paid का order सही रखें। / NFIA (=120-170=-50), so national income (=1750-50=1700) crore. Keep the order received minus paid correct.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) से \(GDP_{FC}\) तक reverse conversion करना हो, तो कौन-सा combination सही है?

If reverse conversion is needed from \(NNP_{MP}\) to \(GDP_{FC}\), which combination is correct?

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A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT घटाएंSubtract NFIA, add depreciation, subtract NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPMP से GDPFC के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और MP से FC conversion होंगे। परीक्षा में हर दिशा का sign अलग ध्यान रखें। / From NNPMP to GDPFC, convert national to domestic, net to gross and MP to FC. In exams note the sign for each direction.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1900\), NFIA (=75), depreciation (=125), और NIT (=100) करोड़ है, तो \(GDP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1900\), NFIA (=75), depreciation (=125), and NIT (=100) crore, what is \(GDP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1850 करोड़₹1850 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) करोड़। परीक्षा में reverse conversion में NFIA और NIT घटते, depreciation जुड़ता है। / \(GDP_{FC}=1900-75+125-100=1850\) crore. In reverse conversion NFIA and NIT are subtracted while depreciation is added.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=960\) और \(NNP_{MP}=910\) करोड़ है, तो NIT का सही value क्या है?

If \(NNP_{FC}=960\) and \(NNP_{MP}=910\) crore, what is the correct value of NIT?

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A. ₹-50 करोड़₹-50 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=910-960=-50\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC अधिक होने पर NIT negative समझें। / NIT \(=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=910-960=-50\) crore. When FC is higher, treat NIT as negative in exams.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}\) से national income निकाली जा रही है, तो कौन-सा adjustment नहीं लगेगा?

If national income is being derived from \(GNP_{MP}\), which adjustment will not be applied?

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A. NFIA adjustment

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में initial aggregate को domestic या national के रूप में पहचानें। / GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. In exams identify whether the initial aggregate is domestic or national.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}=2400\), depreciation (=300), indirect taxes (=250), और subsidies (=90) करोड़ हैं, तो national income कितनी होगी?

If \(GNP_{MP}=2400\), depreciation (=300), indirect taxes (=250), and subsidies (=90) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹1940 करोड़₹1940 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=250-90=160), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP से NNPFC तक depreciation और NIT घटाएं। / NIT (=250-90=160), so \(NNP_{FC}=2400-300-160=1940\) crore. From GNPMP to NNPFC subtract depreciation and NIT.

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालना है, तो NIT का sign क्या होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is derived from \(GDP_{FC}\), what will be the sign of NIT?

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A. NIT जोड़ा जाएगाNIT will be added

Explanation

Simple Explanation

FC से MP जाने पर NIT जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\) याद रखें। / NIT is added when moving from FC to MP. Remember \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NFIA-Depreciation+NIT\).

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}=2200\), NFIA (=-40), depreciation (=180), और NIT (=70) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{FC}=2200\), NFIA (=-40), depreciation (=180), and NIT (=70) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹2050 करोड़₹2050 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=2200-40-180+70=2050\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC से MP में NIT जोड़ें लेकिन negative NFIA घटेगा। / \(NNP_{MP}=2200-40-180+70=2050\) crore. Add NIT from FC to MP but negative NFIA reduces the value.

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कौन-सा formula \(NDP_{MP}\) से national income पाने के लिए सही है?

Which formula is correct to obtain national income from \(NDP_{MP}\)?

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A. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA-NIT\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NDP_{MP}\) already net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में NFIA जोड़ें और NIT घटाएं। / \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is applied. Add NFIA and subtract NIT in exams.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=1450\), NFIA (=-30), indirect taxes (=120), और subsidies (=50) करोड़ हैं, तो national income कितनी होगी?

If \(NDP_{MP}=1450\), NFIA (=-30), indirect taxes (=120), and subsidies (=50) crore, what is national income?

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A. ₹1350 करोड़₹1350 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=120-50=70), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation न लगाएं। / NIT (=120-50=70), so \(NNP_{FC}=1450-30-70=1350\) crore. Since it is a net aggregate, do not apply depreciation.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) से \(GNP_{MP}\) तक जाना हो, तो कौन-से adjustments होंगे?

If one has to move from \(NNP_{FC}\) to \(GNP_{MP}\), which adjustments are required?

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A. Depreciation जोड़ें और NIT जोड़ेंAdd depreciation and add NIT

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPFC से GNPMP में net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में national basis पहले से same है इसलिए NFIA नहीं लगेगा। / From NNPFC to GNPMP, net to gross and FC to MP conversions are made. National basis is already same, so NFIA is not used.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1250\), depreciation (=140), और NIT (=60) करोड़ है, तो \(GNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1250\), depreciation (=140), and NIT (=60) crore, what is \(GNP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹1450 करोड़₹1450 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GNPMP जाते समय depreciation और NIT दोनों जोड़ें। / \(GNP_{MP}=1250+140+60=1450\) crore. Add both depreciation and NIT when moving from NNPFC to GNPMP.

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\(NNP_{FC}\) को national income मानते समय factor income में क्या शामिल नहीं होना चाहिए?

While treating \(NNP_{FC}\) as national income, what should not be included in factor income?

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A. बिना सेवा के मिला उपहारGift received without service

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बिना सेवा के मिला उपहार transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में factor service के reward को ही include करें। / A gift received without service is a transfer receipt, not factor income. Include only rewards for factor services in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) में pension को factor income मान लिया जाए, तो कौन-सी गलती होगी?

If pension is treated as factor income in \(NNP_{FC}\), what error occurs?

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A. Transfer payment को wrongly include करनाWrongly including transfer payment

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Pension सामान्यतः transfer payment है क्योंकि इसके बदले current service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में current factor service reward को अलग पहचानें। / Pension is generally a transfer payment because no current service is received in return. Identify current factor service rewards separately.

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कौन-सा item current year NNP में शामिल होने के योग्य है?

Which item is eligible to be included in current year NNP?

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A. नई मशीन के निर्माण का मूल्यValue of a newly produced machine

Explanation

Simple Explanation

नई मशीन current year final capital good है इसलिए शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में old asset transfer को current production से अलग रखें। / A newly produced machine is a current year final capital good, so it is included. Separate old asset transfers from current production.

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पुरानी मशीन की sale में ₹500 करोड़ resale value और ₹15 करोड़ agent fee है, NNP में क्या शामिल होगा?

In sale of an old machine, resale value is ₹500 crore and agent fee is ₹15 crore, what will be included in NNP?

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A. केवल ₹15 करोड़ agent feeOnly ₹15 crore agent fee

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Old machine का full value current output नहीं, पर agent fee current service है। परीक्षा में service charge को अलग से include करें। / The full value of an old machine is not current output, but agent fee is current service. Include service charge separately in exams.

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NNP में self-consumed farm output को include करने का आधार क्या हो सकता है?

What can be the basis for including self-consumed farm output in NNP?

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A. उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता हैIts imputed market value can be assigned

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Self-consumed farm output marketable production है, इसलिए imputed value से include किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में own household services और own produced goods में अंतर रखें। / Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included using imputed value. Distinguish own household services from own produced goods.

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गृहिणी की unpaid household service और किसान का self-consumed grain में मुख्य अंतर क्या है?

What is the main difference between unpaid household service of a homemaker and farmer's self-consumed grain?

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A. Grain marketable output है, household service का valuation कठिन हैGrain is marketable output while household service valuation is difficult

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Self-consumed grain का market value लगाया जा सकता है, लेकिन unpaid household service का reliable valuation कठिन है। परीक्षा में imputed output की logic समझें। / Market value can be assigned to self-consumed grain, but reliable valuation of unpaid household service is difficult. Understand imputed output logic.

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यदि final product approach में final goods ₹900 और intermediate goods ₹350 दोनों जोड़ दिए जाएं, तो overestimation कितनी होगी?

If final goods ₹900 and intermediate goods ₹350 are both added under final product approach, by how much is output overestimated?

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A. ₹350

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Intermediate goods का value final goods में included है, इसलिए overestimation ₹350 होगी। परीक्षा में double counting amount intermediate value के बराबर हो सकता है। / The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods, so overestimation will be ₹350. In exams double counting may equal intermediate value.

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यदि firm A ₹100 का cotton बेचती है और firm B ₹180 का cloth बेचती है, तो value added approach से कुल value added कितना होगा?

If firm A sells cotton worth ₹100 and firm B sells cloth worth ₹180, what is total value added under value added approach?

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A. ₹180

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Firm A का value added ₹100 और firm B का ₹80 है, कुल ₹180 होगा। परीक्षा में final output value और total value added बराबर हो सकते हैं। / Firm A's value added is ₹100 and firm B's is ₹80, total ₹180. In exams final output value and total value added can be equal.

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यदि \(GNP_{FC}\) बढ़ता है पर depreciation भी उतनी ही राशि से बढ़ता है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?

If \(GNP_{FC}\) rises but depreciation also rises by the same amount, what happens to \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. यह समान रह सकता हैIt may remain unchanged

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal increase का net effect zero हो सकता है। परीक्षा में change-based questions में difference देखें। / \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation\), so equal increases can have zero net effect. In change-based questions, compare differences.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) unchanged है और NIT बढ़ता है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) पर क्या होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}\) is unchanged and NIT increases, what happens to \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. घटेगाIt will decrease

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), इसलिए NIT बढ़ने से FC value घटेगी। परीक्षा में MP-FC relation से direction निकालें। / \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so higher NIT reduces FC value. Use MP-FC relation to derive direction.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) unchanged है और NIT घटता है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is unchanged and NIT decreases, what happens to \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. घटेगाIt will decrease

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\), इसलिए NIT घटने पर NNPMP घटेगा। परीक्षा में FC से MP conversion में NIT जोड़ते हैं। / \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}+NIT\), so when NIT falls, NNPMP falls. In FC to MP conversion, NIT is added.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) \(NDP_{FC}\) से कम है, तो किस flow का संकेत मिलता है?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) is less than \(NDP_{FC}\), which flow is indicated?

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A. विदेश को net factor paymentNet factor payment to abroad

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPFC कम होने का मतलब NFIA negative है, यानी विदेश को net factor payment अधिक है। परीक्षा में national-domestic gap को external factor income flow से जोड़ें। / Lower NNPFC means NFIA is negative, meaning net factor payment abroad is higher. Link national-domestic gap with external factor income flow.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}=1320\) और \(NDP_{FC}=1400\) करोड़ है, तो NFIA और उसका अर्थ क्या है?

If \(NNP_{FC}=1320\) and \(NDP_{FC}=1400\) crore, what is NFIA and its meaning?

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A. ₹-80 करोड़, विदेश को net payment₹-80 crore, net payment abroad

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) करोड़ है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA का अर्थ paid abroad अधिक है। / NFIA (=1320-1400=-80) crore. In exams negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher.

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किस pair को NNP conversion में गलत माना जाएगा?

Which pair would be considered incorrect in NNP conversion?

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A. MP to FC - NFIA घटानाMP to FC - subtract NFIA

Explanation

Simple Explanation

MP to FC conversion NIT से होता है, NFIA से नहीं। परीक्षा में price basis और residence basis को mix न करें। / MP to FC conversion is done through NIT, not NFIA. Do not mix price basis and residence basis in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) निकालना हो, तो NIT की जरूरत क्यों नहीं पड़ेगी?

Why is NIT not needed while deriving \(NNP_{MP}\) from \(GDP_{MP}\)?

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A. क्योंकि दोनों market price पर हैंBecause both are at market price

Explanation

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\(GDP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{MP}\) दोनों MP basis पर हैं, इसलिए price basis conversion नहीं चाहिए। परीक्षा में same price basis पर NIT avoid करें। / Both \(GDP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{MP}\) are on MP basis, so price basis conversion is not needed. Avoid NIT on the same price basis.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=1700\), \(GNP_{MP}=1640\), और depreciation (=120) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}=1700\), \(GNP_{MP}=1640\), and depreciation (=120) crore, what is \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. ₹1520 करोड़₹1520 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPMP मिल जाने पर NFIA अलग से न जोड़ें। / \(NNP_{MP}=GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=1640-120=1520\) crore. Once GNPMP is given, do not add NFIA separately.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}=1700\) और \(GNP_{MP}=1640\) है, तो NFIA कितना है?

If \(GDP_{MP}=1700\) and \(GNP_{MP}=1640\), what is NFIA?

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A. ₹-60 करोड़₹-60 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NFIA \(=GNP_{MP}-GDP_{MP}=1640-1700=-60\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNP कम हो तो NFIA negative होता है। / NFIA \(=GNP_{MP}-GDP_{MP}=1640-1700=-60\) crore. When GNP is lower, NFIA is negative.

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यदि \(GNP_{MP}\) घटता है लेकिन depreciation भी अधिक घटता है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) के बारे में क्या संभव है?

If \(GNP_{MP}\) falls but depreciation falls by a larger amount, what is possible about \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. \(NNP_{MP}\) बढ़ सकता है\(NNP_{MP}\) may rise

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NNPMP GNPMP minus depreciation है, इसलिए depreciation में बड़ी कमी net value बढ़ा सकती है। परीक्षा में change comparison करें। / NNPMP is GNPMP minus depreciation, so a larger fall in depreciation can raise net value. Compare changes in exams.

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यदि \(GDP_{MP}\) unchanged है, NFIA बढ़ता है और depreciation भी समान राशि से बढ़ता है, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?

If \(GDP_{MP}\) is unchanged, NFIA rises and depreciation rises by the same amount, what happens to \(NNP_{MP}\)?

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A. समान रह सकता हैIt may remain unchanged

Explanation

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\(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), इसलिए equal changes cancel हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में combined effect देखें। / \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\), so equal changes can cancel out. Check the combined effect in exams.

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यदि \(NNP_{FC}\) बढ़ता है लेकिन population उससे तेज़ बढ़ती है, तो per capita national income के बारे में क्या संभव है?

If \(NNP_{FC}\) rises but population rises faster, what is possible about per capita national income?

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A. घट सकती हैIt may fall

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Per capita national income \(=NNP_{FC}/Population\) होता है। परीक्षा में total और per capita measures को अलग समझें। / Per capita national income equals \(NNP_{FC}/Population\). In exams distinguish total and per capita measures.

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यदि national income ₹5000 करोड़ और population 10 करोड़ है, तो per capita national income कितनी होगी?

If national income is ₹5000 crore and population is 10 crore, what is per capita national income?

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A. ₹500

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Per capita income (=5000/10=500) होगा। परीक्षा में same unit crore cancel करके प्रति व्यक्ति value निकालें। / Per capita income (=5000/10=500). In exams cancel the same crore unit to get per person value.

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NNP को welfare का perfect indicator क्यों नहीं माना जाता?

Why is NNP not considered a perfect indicator of welfare?

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A. क्योंकि यह income distribution और non-market factors नहीं दिखाताBecause it does not show income distribution and non-market factors

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NNP net output बताता है पर welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में welfare questions में limitations जरूर देखें। / NNP shows net output but not all aspects of welfare. In welfare questions, always check limitations.

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यदि NNP बढ़ता है लेकिन pollution भी बहुत बढ़ता है, तो welfare conclusion में कौन-सी सावधानी जरूरी है?

If NNP rises but pollution also rises heavily, what caution is needed in welfare conclusion?

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A. NNP growth welfare growth की guarantee नहीं हैNNP growth does not guarantee welfare growth

Explanation

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Pollution जैसी negative externalities NNP में पूरी तरह reflect नहीं हो सकतीं। परीक्षा में welfare और output को अलग-अलग assess करें। / Negative externalities like pollution may not be fully reflected in NNP. Assess welfare and output separately in exams.

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यदि एक country का \(NNP_{FC}\) अधिक है लेकिन income बहुत unequal है, तो कौन-सा inference सही है?

If a country has high \(NNP_{FC}\) but income is highly unequal, which inference is correct?

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A. Average output अधिक हो सकता है पर welfare समान रूप से नहीं बंटाAverage output may be high but welfare is not evenly distributed

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NNPFC aggregate income दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में inequality को welfare limitation मानें। / NNPFC shows aggregate income, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.

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किस item को (NNP) में include करना double counting नहीं करेगा?

Which item will not cause double counting if included in (NNP)?

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A. अंतिम consumer good का मूल्यValue of final consumer good

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Final consumer good का मूल्य current final output है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग से जोड़ने से बचें। / The value of final consumer good is current final output. Avoid adding intermediate goods separately in exams.

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कौन-सा example transfer payment और factor payment के अंतर को सही दिखाता है?

Which example correctly shows the difference between transfer payment and factor payment?

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A. Scholarship transfer है, wage factor payment हैScholarship is transfer, wage is factor payment

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Scholarship के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती, wage service का reward है। परीक्षा में return service की उपस्थिति देखें। / No current productive service is received for scholarship, while wage is a reward for service. Check the presence of return service.

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यदि old shares की sale में brokerage ₹2 लाख है, तो NNP accounting में brokerage की nature क्या होगी?

If brokerage on sale of old shares is ₹2 lakh, what is the nature of brokerage in NNP accounting?

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A. Current service output

Explanation

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Brokerage current financial service का payment है, जबकि old shares का value current output नहीं है। परीक्षा में service income को अलग पहचानें। / Brokerage is payment for current financial service, while value of old shares is not current output. Identify service income separately.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}\) में indirect taxes शामिल हैं, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) में जाने पर उन्हें कैसे treat किया जाता है?

If indirect taxes are included in \(NNP_{MP}\), how are they treated when moving to \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. Subsidies adjust करके net indirect taxes घटाए जाते हैंAfter adjusting subsidies, net indirect taxes are subtracted

Explanation

Simple Explanation

MP से FC conversion में NIT घटता है, केवल gross indirect taxes नहीं। परीक्षा में subsidies adjustment जरूर करें। / In MP to FC conversion NIT is subtracted, not just gross indirect taxes. Always adjust subsidies in exams.

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यदि indirect taxes ₹200 और subsidies ₹75 हैं, तो \(NNP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{FC}\) में कितना अंतर होगा?

If indirect taxes are ₹200 and subsidies are ₹75, what will be the difference between \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹125

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NIT (=200-75=125), यही MP और FC का अंतर है। परीक्षा में difference के लिए net indirect tax लें। / NIT (=200-75=125), which is the difference between MP and FC. Use net indirect tax for the difference.

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यदि \(GNP_{FC}\) और \(GDP_{FC}\) के बीच अंतर positive है, तो इसका NNP calculation में क्या संकेत है?

If the difference between \(GNP_{FC}\) and \(GDP_{FC}\) is positive, what does it indicate in NNP calculation?

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A. NFIA positive हैNFIA is positive

Explanation

Simple Explanation

GNP और GDP का positive difference NFIA positive दिखाता है। परीक्षा में national product domestic से अधिक हो तो abroad से net factor receipt समझें। / A positive difference between GNP and GDP shows positive NFIA. If national product exceeds domestic product, treat it as net factor receipt from abroad.

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यदि \(GDP_{FC}=1500\), \(GNP_{FC}=1580\), और depreciation (=100) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GDP_{FC}=1500\), \(GNP_{FC}=1580\), and depreciation (=100) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1480 करोड़₹1480 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

\(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) करोड़। परीक्षा में GNPFC मिलते ही NFIA अलग से नहीं जोड़ें। / \(NNP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-Depreciation=1580-100=1480\) crore. Once GNPFC is given, do not add NFIA separately.

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किस case में \(NNP_{FC}\) निकालते समय depreciation दोबारा घटाने की गलती सबसे अधिक हो सकती है?

In which case is the mistake of subtracting depreciation again most likely while calculating \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. जब starting aggregate \(NDP_{MP}\) होWhen starting aggregate is \(NDP_{MP}\)

Explanation

Simple Explanation

NDP already net domestic product है, इसलिए depreciation पहले से घटा होता है। परीक्षा में D से N conversion में केवल NFIA और price basis देखें। / NDP is already net domestic product, so depreciation has already been deducted. In D to N conversion, check only NFIA and price basis.

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यदि \(NDP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=40), NIT (=-20) करोड़ है, तो \(NNP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NDP_{MP}=1000\), NFIA (=40), and NIT (=-20) crore, what is \(NNP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1060 करोड़₹1060 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

(NNP_{FC}=1000+40-(-20)=1060) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NIT घटाने पर value बढ़ती है। / (NNP_{FC}=1000+40-(-20)=1060) crore. In exams subtracting negative NIT increases the value.

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NNP numericals में सबसे पहले क्या पहचानना चाहिए?

What should be identified first in NNP numericals?

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A. Starting aggregate का basis: domestic या national, gross या net, MP या FCBasis of starting aggregate: domestic or national, gross or net, MP or FC

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Starting aggregate की तीन bases पहचानने से सही adjustment तय होता है। परीक्षा में बिना basis पहचाने formula लगाने से sign error होता है। / Identifying the three bases of the starting aggregate decides the correct adjustment. Applying formula without basis identification causes sign errors.

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यदि \(NNP_{MP}=1600\), NIT (=90), और NFIA (=-40) करोड़ है, तो \(NDP_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(NNP_{MP}=1600\), NIT (=90), and NFIA (=-40) crore, what is \(NDP_{FC}\)?

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A. ₹1550 करोड़₹1550 crore

Explanation

Simple Explanation

(NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) करोड़। परीक्षा में national से domestic जाते समय negative NFIA घटाने पर value बढ़ती है। / (NDP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NFIA-NIT=1600-(-40)-90=1550) crore. In exams subtracting negative NFIA while moving from national to domestic increases the value.

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