B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन मूल्य/Net national output value
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows the net output value of normal residents. Remember that the word Net indicates deduction of depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन मूल्य / Net national output value. NNP shows the net output value of normal residents. Remember that the word Net indicates deduction of depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों के शुद्ध उत्पादन मूल्य को दिखाता है। Net शब्द से depreciation घटने की बात याद रखें।
B. यह उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध अर्जित आय है/It is net earned income of factors of production
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is the net sum of factor incomes. Therefore, it is called National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. यह उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध अर्जित आय है / It is net earned income of factors of production. \(NNP_{FC}\) is the net sum of factor incomes. Therefore, it is called National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) factor incomes का शुद्ध योग होता है। इसलिए इसे National Income कहा जाता है।
B. इसे depreciation के रूप में घटाया जाता है/It is deducted as depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Capital consumption allowance is another name for depreciation. It is deducted from gross value while calculating NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. इसे depreciation के रूप में घटाया जाता है / It is deducted as depreciation. Capital consumption allowance is another name for depreciation. It is deducted from gross value while calculating NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation का ही दूसरा नाम है। NNP निकालते समय इसे gross value से घटाते हैं।
When NIT is positive, market price includes a higher tax effect. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}\) can be greater than \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NIT धनात्मक हो / When NIT is positive. When NIT is positive, market price includes a higher tax effect. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}\) can be greater than \(NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Positive NIT होने पर market price में करों का प्रभाव अधिक होता है। इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}\), \(NNP_{FC}\) से अधिक हो सकता है।
NFIA adjusts Domestic to National, depreciation adjusts Gross to Net, and NIT adjusts MP to FC. Apply the signs carefully in the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). NFIA adjusts Domestic to National, depreciation adjusts Gross to Net, and NIT adjusts MP to FC. Apply the signs carefully in the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic से National के लिए NFIA, Gross से Net के लिए depreciation और MP से FC के लिए NIT समायोजित होता है। सूत्र में signs को ध्यान से लगाएं।
A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव शामिल हो जाता है/Effect of price changes is included
Step 1
Concept
At current prices, nominal changes include the price effect. Use constant prices for real comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव शामिल हो जाता है / Effect of price changes is included. At current prices, nominal changes include the price effect. Use constant prices for real comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर nominal changes में price effect भी शामिल होता है। Real comparison के लिए constant prices का उपयोग करें।
Real NNP is measured at constant prices so that the inflation effect can be removed. Real value is more useful in time comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. Constant prices. Real NNP is measured at constant prices so that the inflation effect can be removed. Real value is more useful in time comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real NNP constant prices पर मापा जाता है ताकि inflation effect हट सके। समय तुलना में real value अधिक उपयोगी होती है।
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) crore. Understand the difference between MP and FC through net indirect taxes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 90 करोड़ / 90 crore. \(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) crore. Understand the difference between MP and FC through net indirect taxes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=90\) करोड़ होगा। MP और FC के अंतर को net indirect taxes से समझें।
B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिए/To prevent double counting
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिए / To prevent double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का मूल्य final goods में शामिल हो जाता है। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होगी।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because they are not new production of the current year
Step 1
Concept
Second-hand goods were already counted in a previous production year. NNP focuses on current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because they are not new production of the current year. Second-hand goods were already counted in a previous production year. NNP focuses on current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Second-hand goods का उत्पादन पहले ही किसी पिछले वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है। NNP में current production को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है।
A. वे उत्पादक सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं हैं/They are not payments against productive services
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not received for contribution to current production. Therefore, they are not included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे उत्पादक सेवा के बदले भुगतान नहीं हैं / They are not payments against productive services. Transfer payments are not received for contribution to current production. Therefore, they are not included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments current production में योगदान के बदले नहीं मिलतीं। इसलिए उन्हें राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित उत्पादन मूल्य है/Because it is estimated output value of housing service
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, estimated rent can be taken as output value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित उत्पादन मूल्य है / Because it is estimated output value of housing service. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, estimated rent can be taken as output value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service प्रदान करता है। इसलिए अनुमानित किराया output value के रूप में लिया जा सकता है।
A. यह आय वितरण को पूरी तरह नहीं बताता/It does not fully show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net income but not its distribution. Distribution is also important in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह आय वितरण को पूरी तरह नहीं बताता / It does not fully show income distribution. NNP shows total net income but not its distribution. Distribution is also important in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP कुल शुद्ध आय दिखाता है लेकिन आय का वितरण नहीं बताता। Welfare विश्लेषण में distribution भी महत्वपूर्ण है।
The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. This relation is very useful in direct numericals.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 410 करोड़ / 410 crore. The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. This relation is very useful in direct numericals.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP के बीच अंतर depreciation के बराबर होता है। यह relation direct numerical में बहुत उपयोगी है।
When NIT is zero, there is no difference between market price and factor cost. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों बराबर होंगे / Both will be equal. When NIT is zero, there is no difference between market price and factor cost. Therefore, \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT शून्य होने पर market price और factor cost में अंतर नहीं रहता। इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=NNP_{FC}\) होगा।
A. जब NNP current prices पर मापा जाए/When NNP is measured at current prices
Step 1
Concept
At current prices, nominal NNP may rise due to inflation. Check constant prices to see real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NNP current prices पर मापा जाए / When NNP is measured at current prices. At current prices, nominal NNP may rise due to inflation. Check constant prices to see real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर inflation के कारण nominal NNP बढ़ सकता है। वास्तविक वृद्धि देखने के लिए constant prices देखें।
In mixed income, wages and profit of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. It is taken as factor income in the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्व-नियोजित व्यक्तियों / Self-employed persons. In mixed income, wages and profit of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. It is taken as factor income in the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Mixed income में self-employed की मजदूरी और लाभ अलग-अलग स्पष्ट नहीं होते। आय विधि में इसे factor income के रूप में लिया जाता है।
Operating surplus includes factor incomes related to property and enterprise. Distinguish it from compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Rent, interest and profit. Operating surplus includes factor incomes related to property and enterprise. Distinguish it from compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Operating surplus में संपत्ति और उद्यम से जुड़ी factor incomes शामिल होती हैं। इसे compensation of employees से अलग पहचानें।
A. जब यह विदेशियों को दी गई factor income से अधिक हो/When it is greater than factor income paid to foreigners
Step 1
Concept
When foreign factor income received is higher, NFIA is positive. This increases the national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब यह विदेशियों को दी गई factor income से अधिक हो / When it is greater than factor income paid to foreigners. When foreign factor income received is higher, NFIA is positive. This increases the national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्राप्त foreign factor income अधिक होने पर NFIA positive होता है। इससे national aggregate बढ़ता है।
A. पूंजीगत वस्तुओं का अधिक घिसाव/Higher wear and tear of capital goods
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation measures wear and tear of capital goods due to use. Higher depreciation increases the gap between Gross and Net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजीगत वस्तुओं का अधिक घिसाव / Higher wear and tear of capital goods. Depreciation measures wear and tear of capital goods due to use. Higher depreciation increases the gap between Gross and Net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के उपयोग से हुए घिसाव को मापता है। अधिक depreciation से Gross और Net का अंतर बढ़ता है।
\(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) crore. From \(GDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1700 करोड़ / 1700 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) crore. From \(GDP_{FC}\) to \(NNP_{FC}\), add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=1850+70-220=1700\) करोड़ होगा। \(GDP_{FC}\) से \(NNP_{FC}\) तक NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाएं।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष के उत्पादन का भाग हैं/Because they are part of current year's production
Step 1
Concept
Unsold final goods are also current production. Therefore, they can be counted as investment in inventories.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान वर्ष के उत्पादन का भाग हैं / Because they are part of current year's production. Unsold final goods are also current production. Therefore, they can be counted as investment in inventories.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बिके बिना रखी final goods भी current production होती हैं। इसलिए उन्हें inventories में investment के रूप में गिना जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि यह आधिकारिक रिकॉर्ड में सही ढंग से नहीं आती/Because it is not properly recorded in official records
Step 1
Concept
Illegal income is not accurately captured in official data. Data limitation is an important issue in national income measurement.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आधिकारिक रिकॉर्ड में सही ढंग से नहीं आती / Because it is not properly recorded in official records. Illegal income is not accurately captured in official data. Data limitation is an important issue in national income measurement.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal income official data में accurately capture नहीं होती। National income measurement में data limitation एक महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है।
A. क्योंकि इसका बाजार में monetary valuation नहीं होता/Because it has no market monetary valuation
Step 1
Concept
The market value of unpaid household services is generally not recorded. Therefore, NNP cannot be a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसका बाजार में monetary valuation नहीं होता / Because it has no market monetary valuation. The market value of unpaid household services is generally not recorded. Therefore, NNP cannot be a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services का बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता। इसलिए NNP welfare का पूर्ण माप नहीं बन पाता।
Depreciation will be \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) crore. Treat the difference between Gross and Net directly as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 290 करोड़ / 290 crore. Depreciation will be \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) crore. Treat the difference between Gross and Net directly as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation \(GNP_{MP}-NNP_{MP}=290\) करोड़ होगा। Gross और Net के अंतर को सीधे depreciation मानें।
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) crore. FC being greater than MP indicates negative NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ऋणात्मक (30) करोड़ / Negative (30) crore. \(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) crore. FC being greater than MP indicates negative NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NIT=NNP_{MP}-NNP_{FC}=1295-1325=-30\) करोड़। FC का MP से अधिक होना negative NIT का संकेत है।
A. पूंजी घिसाव के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन/Net output available after capital wear and tear
Step 1
Concept
Deducting depreciation shows output left after replacement cost. It better shows net productive capacity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी घिसाव के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन / Net output available after capital wear and tear. Deducting depreciation shows output left after replacement cost. It better shows net productive capacity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने से replacement cost के बाद बचा उत्पादन पता चलता है। यह net productive capacity को बेहतर दिखाता है।
\(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) crore. If national value is lower than domestic value, NFIA can be negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. -40 करोड़ / -40 crore. \(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) crore. If national value is lower than domestic value, NFIA can be negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NFIA=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1510-1550=-40\) करोड़। National value domestic से कम हो तो NFIA negative हो सकता है।
A. देश के वे निवासी जिनका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश से जुड़ा है/Residents whose centre of economic interest is linked with the country
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so income of normal residents is important. Temporary visitors are not treated as normal residents.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के वे निवासी जिनका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश से जुड़ा है / Residents whose centre of economic interest is linked with the country. NNP is a national concept, so income of normal residents is important. Temporary visitors are not treated as normal residents.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए normal residents की आय महत्वपूर्ण है। Temporary visitors को सामान्य निवासी नहीं माना जाता।
A. Depreciation घटाएं और NIT जोड़ें/Deduct depreciation and add NIT
Step 1
Concept
From \(GNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for NNP and NIT is added for MP. GNP is already national, so NFIA is not added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation घटाएं और NIT जोड़ें / Deduct depreciation and add NIT. From \(GNP_{FC}\), depreciation is deducted for NNP and NIT is added for MP. GNP is already national, so NFIA is not added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}\) से NNP के लिए depreciation घटता है और MP के लिए NIT जुड़ता है। GNP पहले से national है इसलिए NFIA नहीं जोड़ते।
Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, check the population unit carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की जनसंख्या / Population of the country. Per capita NNP is obtained by dividing total NNP by population. In average income questions, check the population unit carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita NNP कुल NNP को population से भाग देकर मिलता है। Average income questions में population unit ध्यान से देखें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production of goods and services नहीं है/Because it is not current production of goods and services
Step 1
Concept
Trading old financial assets does not create current output. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production of goods and services नहीं है / Because it is not current production of goods and services. Trading old financial assets does not create current output. NNP counts the value of current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने financial assets की खरीद-बिक्री current output नहीं बनाती। NNP में current production का मूल्य गिना जाता है।
A. दिया गया aggregate domestic या national और gross या net है/Whether the given aggregate is domestic or national and gross or net
Step 1
Concept
Identifying the base aggregate is most important in NNP conversion. Then apply the correct signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दिया गया aggregate domestic या national और gross या net है / Whether the given aggregate is domestic or national and gross or net. Identifying the base aggregate is most important in NNP conversion. Then apply the correct signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP conversion में base aggregate पहचानना सबसे जरूरी है। फिर NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs सही लगाएं।
