Taylor’s scientific management

Correct answer: D. Fewer unnecessary varieties may reduce capital tied up in inventory

The correct answer is D. Simplification reduces unnecessary varieties; keeping fewer types of items in stock may reduce the working capital tied up in inventory.

Correct answer: D. Standardisation sets standards, while simplification reduces unnecessary variety

The correct answer is D. Standardisation establishes uniform standards for resources and work, whereas simplification reduces unnecessary varieties of products, tools or processes.

Correct answer: D. To motivate and reward workers who exceed the standard

The correct answer is D. In Taylor’s differential piece-rate system, workers who meet or exceed the set standard can earn a higher rate, giving them an incentive to work efficiently.

Correct answer: A. Unity of command

The correct answer is A, unity of command. Under Taylor’s functional foremanship, a worker may receive instructions from several specialist foremen, while Fayol’s principle calls for each employee to receive orders from one superior.

Correct answer: A. To have specialists plan and ensure efficient execution of the work

The correct answer is A. Taylor separated planning from execution so that specialists could study and plan the work, while workers carried it out according to the planned method. This division was intended to improve efficiency.

Correct answer: B. Gang boss

The correct answer is B, the gang boss. In Taylor’s functional foremanship, the gang boss prepares the work and ensures that tools and equipment are ready before the workers begin.

Correct answer: A. Rule-breaking and indiscipline at the workplace

The correct answer is A. The disciplinarian’s role is to help maintain discipline and address violations of workplace rules, so rule-breaking is the situation most directly related to this role.

Correct answer: A. Make scientific plans and guide the work

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s approach assigns managers responsibility for planning work scientifically and guiding its execution, rather than merely issuing orders.

Correct answer: A. Motion study

The correct answer is A. Motion study examines the movements involved in a task and seeks to eliminate unnecessary ones. Reducing avoidable walking through a better layout fits this aim.

Correct answer: A. Because they can affect worker fatigue and efficiency

The correct answer is A. Fatigue study considers working conditions because factors such as lighting and ventilation can affect workers’ fatigue and, in turn, their ability to work efficiently.

Correct answer: A. Mental revolution

The correct answer is A. Mental revolution calls for a change in the attitudes of both workers and management, encouraging mutual trust and cooperation. It addresses mistrust, though it is not a guarantee of job security.

Correct answer: A. Increase efficiency through scientific methods and promote the prosperity of both workers and employers

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s scientific management aims to improve efficiency and promote the prosperity of both employers and workers, rather than benefiting only one side.

Correct answer: B. Simplification

The correct answer is B. Simplification reduces unnecessary product varieties and sizes, making production less complex. Standardisation, by contrast, sets uniform standards.

Correct answer: C. Mental revolution

The correct answer is C. Mental revolution calls for a change in the attitudes of both workers and management so that they develop mutual understanding and cooperate.

Correct answer: A. Motion study

The correct answer is A. Motion study analyses the movements used to perform a task and aims to eliminate unnecessary movements, helping identify an efficient method of work.

Correct answer: A. Training and development of workers

The correct answer is A. Setting standards alone does not teach workers how to follow them. Training and development help workers learn the prescribed method and perform the work effectively.

Correct answer: A. Standard time or task determined through time study

The correct answer is A. The system pays different piece rates according to whether a worker meets the standard task. Time study helps determine the standard time for a task, providing a basis for judging performance.

Correct answer: A. Measure work, set standards, train workers, and improve through cooperation

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s approach uses systematic study to set work standards, train workers, and promote cooperation between management and workers.

Correct answer: B. Standardisation

The correct answer is B, standardisation. It means establishing uniform specifications for items such as tools, equipment, and quality; the company is setting these specifications in advance.

Correct answer: C. Fatigue study

The correct answer is C, fatigue study. It considers how work causes fatigue and helps determine suitable rest intervals. Ignoring fatigue and rest can reduce workers’ efficiency.

Correct answer: C. Cooperation, not individualism

The correct answer is C, cooperation, not individualism. Management and workers are contributing to and accepting shared work goals, which reflects working together rather than acting separately.

Correct answer: B. वैज्ञानिक जाँच और मापन — Scientific investigation and measurement

The correct answer is B, scientific investigation and measurement. Observing the steps of a task and recording data replaces guesswork with evidence, which is the scientific approach Taylor advocated for improving work methods.

Correct answer: D. मानसिक क्रांति — Mental revolution

The correct answer is D, mental revolution. Taylor’s mental revolution calls for a change in the attitudes of both management and workers so they cooperate and seek shared gains from higher productivity, rather than treating one another as opponents.

Correct answer: C. अंगूठे के नियम के बजाय विज्ञान — Science, not rule of thumb

The correct answer is C, science, not rule of thumb. Measuring the actual time needed for a task provides an evidence-based basis for setting a standard, instead of relying on guesses or customary practice.

Correct answer: B. Supervision is received according to specialisation

The direct answer is B: supervision is received according to specialisation. Functional foremanship is Taylor’s arrangement in which one general foreman is not expected to be an expert in every kind of work. Planning and production are separated so that different trained specialists can guide different activities. In the planning office, specialists prepare instructions, routes, time standards and methods. In the production area, specialists guide speed, discipline, repairs and inspection. Thus, a worker receives expert advice for the particular task instead of depending on one person who may know only part of the job. Option A is wrong because scientific supervision is intended to reduce avoidable delay, not increase it. Option B is correct because division of supervision according to specialisation is the central benefit. Option C is wrong because functional foremanship does not end discipline; it provides organised and specialised control. Option D is wrong because quality inspection continues and is handled by an appropriate specialist. Memory cue: functional foremanship means many specialised foremen for better expert guidance.