Taylor’s scientific management

Correct answer: A. Workers may increase quantity at the expense of quality

The correct answer is that workers may prioritize quantity over quality. When higher pay depends on output but no quality standard is enforced, workers may produce more units that do not meet the required quality.

Correct answer: B. Cooperation, not individualism

The correct answer is “cooperation, not individualism.” Taylor’s principle calls for workers and management to work together; ignoring workers’ contributions while expecting their cooperation does not meet that principle.

Correct answer: C. ₹1,008

The correct answer is ₹1,008. Since 84 units exceed the 80-unit standard, the higher rate applies to the worker’s output: 84 units × ₹12 per unit = ₹1,008.

Correct answer: A. The time study used a non-representative worker

The correct answer is that the study used a non-representative worker. A time standard should be based on a representative worker working at a normal, sustainable pace; using only the fastest worker can set an unfairly demanding standard.

Correct answer: A. Route clerk—planning; gang boss—production

The correct answer is A. In functional foremanship, the route clerk is on the planning side, while the gang boss is on the production side. The other listed roles in options B–D are assigned to the opposite sides from those shown there.

Correct answer: B. Method study

The correct answer is method study. Motion study focuses on workers’ movements, whereas method study examines the overall way a task or process is carried out, including its sequence and material flow. It can therefore address the remaining process-wide delay.

Correct answer: B. Scientifically revise the time standard

The new machine changes the time required for the task. Management should study the revised method and set a new scientifically determined time standard rather than keep an outdated one.

Correct answer: A. Because the machine must be repaired to remove the root cause

Inspection can identify defective output, but it does not repair a machine that is causing defects. The machine’s breakdown must be corrected to address the root cause.

Correct answer: C. 40 units

In time study, standard output is calculated by dividing total available time by the standard time per unit: \(440 \div 11 = 40\). Therefore, the standard output is 40 units. Producing 44 units would allow only 10 minutes per unit, not the given 11 minutes. Exam tip: first ensure that both time values are in the same unit, then use total time ÷ time per unit.

Correct answer: A. Increase total gains through scientific efficiency and cooperation

Taylor’s mental revolution calls for a cooperative outlook in which workers and management focus on increasing the total gains through greater productivity, rather than only disputing how existing gains are divided.

Correct answer: A. Quality standards are uniform, but 25 unnecessary models are still produced

Uniform quality standards indicate standardisation. Keeping many unnecessary models means the range of varieties has not been reduced, so simplification is absent.

Correct answer: A. The company reduced product varieties but did not set quality standards or measurements

Reducing the number of product varieties is simplification. Because the company has not set uniform quality standards or measurements, standardisation remains incomplete.

Correct answer: C. ₹611

Since 47 units is below the 50-unit standard, the low rate applies. Wage = 47 units × ₹13 per unit = ₹611.

Correct answer: A. The rate that applies at the standard output

The wage can be calculated only if the rate schedule states which rate applies when output is exactly at the standard. The high and low rates alone do not resolve that boundary case unless the rule is specified.

Correct answer: B. Development of each person to their greatest efficiency

Taylor’s principle of developing each person to their greatest efficiency calls for helping workers improve through appropriate selection and training. Paying efficient workers more does not replace that development.

Correct answer: A. Acceptance of the targets and trust in management may fall

Workers may be less willing to accept targets they do not understand, which can weaken trust and cooperation. Explaining the basis for standards can support their acceptance.

Correct answer: C. It treats guesswork and tradition as final

The correct answer is C. Taylor advocated replacing guesswork and traditional rules of thumb with scientific analysis, so treating them as final misrepresents his approach.

Correct answer: A. Time study and fatigue study

The correct answer is A. Time study helps set the time needed for a task, while fatigue study considers rest and other ways to reduce worker fatigue. Both time and fatigue matter when improving performance.

Correct answer: B. Speed boss

The direct answer is B: speed boss. Taylor’s functional foremanship divides factory supervision among specialists. The speed boss is responsible for ensuring that workers maintain the required rate of work and that a task is completed within the proper time. The question removes route as the cause, so the route clerk is not the relevant specialist. Step by step: first identify the problem as slow worker speed; next match the problem with the specialist who controls speed; therefore the answer is speed boss. Option A, route clerk, is wrong because that officer determines the correct route or sequence through which work should move. Option B is correct because speed is the exact issue stated. Option C, instruction card clerk, is wrong because this clerk prepares written instructions about how the work should be done, not mainly the worker’s pace. Option D, inspector, is wrong because an inspector checks quality and conformity after or during production, not primarily speed. Memory cue: route clerk handles route, speed boss handles pace, instruction card clerk handles instructions, and inspector handles quality.

Correct answer: A. Method study

The correct answer is A. Method study examines how work is done so that unnecessary steps, including avoidable transport, can be removed and the process improved.

Correct answer: A. Time study

The direct answer is A, Time study. In Taylor’s scientific management, time study finds the standard time needed by a trained worker to complete a job under suitable conditions. That standard can then help establish a wage or incentive system, although time study itself does not directly announce the wage rate. Step by step: observe the task; measure the time for its elements; remove unnecessary delay; determine a fair standard time or output; use that standard while designing payment incentives. Option A is correct because wage systems can be based on standard time or standard output. Option B, simplification, reduces unnecessary variety in products, tools or methods; it is useful for efficiency but does not primarily set the time standard. Option C, harmony not discord, is a management principle about cooperation between workers and management, not a work-study measurement technique. Option D, mental revolution, means a change in attitudes and mutual understanding, not timing a task. Memory cue: time study gives the time standard; the wage plan may use that standard.

Correct answer: A. There is no stable, clearly defined standard

The correct answer is A. A differential piece-rate system depends on a clearly defined task or output standard. If that standard changes daily, workers cannot know reliably what output qualifies for each rate.

Correct answer: A. Maximum prosperity for both employers and workers

The correct answer is A. Taylor’s objective of maximum prosperity applies to both employers and workers, not owners alone. Scientific management was intended to support shared gains through greater productivity.

Correct answer: A. Harmony promotes good relations and reduces conflict, while cooperation means working together toward shared tasks

The correct answer is A. Harmony, not discord, calls for constructive relations between management and workers; cooperation, not individualism, calls for them to work together rather than pursue separate interests.

Correct answer: A. Both sides change their basic attitudes toward one another and toward shared prosperity

The correct answer is A. Mental revolution means a fundamental change in the attitudes of both management and workers, including recognising their shared interest in greater prosperity. It is deeper than merely avoiding conflict.