Muft Shiksha™ एक 100% Free Education Portal है 🇮🇳, जिसका उद्देश्य Class 9–12 के हर विद्यार्थी तक High-Quality Education को पूरी तरह मुफ्त पहुँचाना है। 🇮🇳 हम मानते हैं कि अच्छी शिक्षा किसी student की आर्थिक स्थिति पर निर्भर नहीं होनी चाहिए। 🇮🇳 हर विद्यार्थी को वही Quality Study Material, MCQs, Quizzes, Exam Preparation, Concept-Based Learning और Bilingual Support मिलना चाहिए, जो आमतौर पर महंगी Coaching या Premium Platforms में मिलता है। Muft Shiksha™ 🇮🇳 इसी सोच के साथ बनाया गया है • Muft Shiksha™ एक 100% Free Education Portal है 🇮🇳, जिसका उद्देश्य Class 9–12 के हर विद्यार्थी तक High-Quality Education को पूरी तरह मुफ्त पहुँचाना है। 🇮🇳 हम मानते हैं कि अच्छी शिक्षा किसी student की आर्थिक स्थिति पर निर्भर नहीं होनी चाहिए। 🇮🇳 हर विद्यार्थी को वही Quality Study Material, MCQs, Quizzes, Exam Preparation, Concept-Based Learning और Bilingual Support मिलना चाहिए, जो आमतौर पर महंगी Coaching या Premium Platforms में मिलता है। Muft Shiksha™ 🇮🇳 इसी सोच के साथ बनाया गया है • Muft Shiksha™ एक 100% Free Education Portal है 🇮🇳, जिसका उद्देश्य Class 9–12 के हर विद्यार्थी तक High-Quality Education को पूरी तरह मुफ्त पहुँचाना है। 🇮🇳 हम मानते हैं कि अच्छी शिक्षा किसी student की आर्थिक स्थिति पर निर्भर नहीं होनी चाहिए। 🇮🇳 हर विद्यार्थी को वही Quality Study Material, MCQs, Quizzes, Exam Preparation, Concept-Based Learning और Bilingual Support मिलना चाहिए, जो आमतौर पर महंगी Coaching या Premium Platforms में मिलता है। Muft Shiksha™ 🇮🇳 इसी सोच के साथ बनाया गया है
Ori is the site from which vector replication can start. In exams remember ori as the replication start point.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रतिकृति का आरंभ / Start of replication. Ori is the site from which vector replication can start. In exams remember ori as the replication start point.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ओरी वह स्थान है जहाँ से vector replication शुरू हो सकती है। परीक्षा में ori को replication start point याद रखें।
A. वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनना घटेगा/Vector copy formation will decrease
Step 1
Concept
Without ori the vector cannot replicate efficiently in the host. This can reduce cloning yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनना घटेगा / Vector copy formation will decrease. Without ori the vector cannot replicate efficiently in the host. This can reduce cloning yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori के बिना vector host में efficiently replicate नहीं कर पाएगा। इससे cloning yield घट सकती है।
A. कौन सी कोशिका ने vector लिया है यह पहचानना/Identifying which cell has taken the vector
Step 1
Concept
A selectable marker helps identify transformed cells. It makes selection easier in cloning experiments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कौन सी कोशिका ने vector लिया है यह पहचानना / Identifying which cell has taken the vector. A selectable marker helps identify transformed cells. It makes selection easier in cloning experiments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker transformed cells को पहचानने में मदद करता है। यह cloning experiment में selection आसान करता है।
A. उनके पास resistance marker होता है/They have a resistance marker
Step 1
Concept
Cells with a resistance marker can grow in the presence of antibiotic. This selects transformed cells.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उनके पास resistance marker होता है / They have a resistance marker. Cells with a resistance marker can grow in the presence of antibiotic. This selects transformed cells.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Resistance marker वाली cells antibiotic की उपस्थिति में बढ़ सकती हैं। इससे transformed cells select होती हैं।
A. वेक्टर को एक निश्चित स्थान पर खोलने के लिए/To open the vector at one defined place
Step 1
Concept
A unique cloning site helps controlled insertion. The insert can be added at a defined position.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेक्टर को एक निश्चित स्थान पर खोलने के लिए / To open the vector at one defined place. A unique cloning site helps controlled insertion. The insert can be added at a defined position.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unique cloning site controlled insertion में मदद करती है। इससे insert सही स्थान पर जोड़ा जा सकता है।
A. Insert DNA जोड़ने के कई विकल्प मिलते हैं/It gives many options to insert DNA
Step 1
Concept
Many restriction sites in MCS make enzyme selection easier. It increases cloning flexibility.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert DNA जोड़ने के कई विकल्प मिलते हैं / It gives many options to insert DNA. Many restriction sites in MCS make enzyme selection easier. It increases cloning flexibility.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MCS में कई restriction sites होने से enzyme selection आसान होता है। यह cloning flexibility बढ़ाता है।
A white colony can indicate a recombinant clone due to lacZ disruption. Remember the basic idea of blue-white screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant clone. A white colony can indicate a recombinant clone due to lacZ disruption. Remember the basic idea of blue-white screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
White colony lacZ disruption के कारण recombinant clone का संकेत दे सकती है। परीक्षा में blue-white screening का basic idea याद रखें।
A. lacZ active है और insert नहीं जुड़ा/lacZ is active and insert is not inserted
Step 1
Concept
A blue colony can show lacZ activity. It generally indicates a non-recombinant vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. lacZ active है और insert नहीं जुड़ा / lacZ is active and insert is not inserted. A blue colony can show lacZ activity. It generally indicates a non-recombinant vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Blue colony lacZ activity को दिखा सकती है। इसका अर्थ सामान्यतः non-recombinant vector हो सकता है।
pBR322 is a famous plasmid cloning vector. It is considered a common example in Class 11 biotechnology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Plasmid cloning vector. pBR322 is a famous plasmid cloning vector. It is considered a common example in Class 11 biotechnology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
pBR322 एक प्रसिद्ध plasmid cloning vector है। इसे class 11 biotechnology में common example माना जाता है।
A. अधिक plasmid DNA मिल सकता है/More plasmid DNA can be obtained
Step 1
Concept
High copy number means more plasmid copies in one cell. This can increase DNA yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अधिक plasmid DNA मिल सकता है / More plasmid DNA can be obtained. High copy number means more plasmid copies in one cell. This can increase DNA yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High copy number से एक कोशिका में plasmid की अधिक प्रतियाँ हो सकती हैं। इससे DNA yield बढ़ सकती है।
A. पौधे की कोशिका में DNA transfer/DNA transfer into plant cell
Step 1
Concept
The T-DNA part can be transferred into plant cells. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पौधे की कोशिका में DNA transfer / DNA transfer into plant cell. The T-DNA part can be transferred into plant cells. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
T-DNA भाग पौधे की कोशिका में स्थानांतरित हो सकता है। Modified Ti plasmid plant transformation में उपयोगी है।
A. यह पौधों में DNA transfer कर सकता है/It can transfer DNA into plants
Step 1
Concept
Agrobacterium can transfer T-DNA into plant cells. Therefore it is called a natural genetic engineer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह पौधों में DNA transfer कर सकता है / It can transfer DNA into plants. Agrobacterium can transfer T-DNA into plant cells. Therefore it is called a natural genetic engineer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Agrobacterium पौधे की कोशिका में T-DNA transfer कर सकता है। इसलिए इसे natural genetic engineer कहा जाता है।
Lambda phage is a virus that infects bacteria and can be useful in modified form for DNA cloning. Understand it as a phage vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA cloning. Lambda phage is a virus that infects bacteria and can be useful in modified form for DNA cloning. Understand it as a phage vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lambda phage bacteria को infect करने वाला virus है और modified form में DNA cloning में उपयोगी हो सकता है। इसे phage vector समझें।
A. Plasmid और phage cos sites/Plasmid and phage cos sites
Step 1
Concept
A cosmid is linked with plasmid-like replication and phage cos sites. It can be useful for larger inserts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Plasmid और phage cos sites / Plasmid and phage cos sites. A cosmid is linked with plasmid-like replication and phage cos sites. It can be useful for larger inserts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cosmid plasmid-like replication और phage cos sites से जुड़ा vector है। यह larger inserts के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है।
A. Manipulation और transformation आसान हो सकते हैं/Manipulation and transformation can be easier
Step 1
Concept
Small vectors are easier to isolate and introduce. Therefore small size is a practical advantage in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Manipulation और transformation आसान हो सकते हैं / Manipulation and transformation can be easier. Small vectors are easier to isolate and introduce. Therefore small size is a practical advantage in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटे vectors को isolate और introduce करना आसान होता है। इसलिए small size cloning में practical advantage है।
A. अनचाहे कट और cloning difficulty/Unwanted cuts and cloning difficulty
Step 1
Concept
Controlled cloning needs useful and defined restriction sites. Random multiple cuts can damage the vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनचाहे कट और cloning difficulty / Unwanted cuts and cloning difficulty. Controlled cloning needs useful and defined restriction sites. Random multiple cuts can damage the vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Controlled cloning के लिए useful और defined restriction sites चाहिए। Random multiple cuts vector को नुकसान पहुँचा सकते हैं।
A. यह DNA yield को प्रभावित कर सकता है/It can affect DNA yield
Step 1
Concept
Higher copy number can provide more plasmid DNA. Therefore copy number is linked with cloning output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह DNA yield को प्रभावित कर सकता है / It can affect DNA yield. Higher copy number can provide more plasmid DNA. Therefore copy number is linked with cloning output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Higher copy number से अधिक plasmid DNA मिल सकता है। इसलिए copy number cloning output से जुड़ा है।
An antibiotic resistance marker helps select transformed cells on antibiotic-containing medium. This is a direct example of selection.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Antibiotic-containing medium. An antibiotic resistance marker helps select transformed cells on antibiotic-containing medium. This is a direct example of selection.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic resistance marker antibiotic-containing medium पर transformed cells select करने में मदद करता है। यह selection का direct example है।
D. यह हमेशा chlorophyll pigment होता है/It is always chlorophyll pigment
Step 1
Concept
A plasmid vector is a DNA carrier not a pigment. It can have parts like ori and selectable marker.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. यह हमेशा chlorophyll pigment होता है / It is always chlorophyll pigment. A plasmid vector is a DNA carrier not a pigment. It can have parts like ori and selectable marker.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid vector DNA carrier होता है pigment नहीं। इसमें ori और selectable marker जैसे parts हो सकते हैं।
A. Vector में screening marker मौजूद हो/Vector has a screening marker
Step 1
Concept
A screening marker helps distinguish recombinants and non-recombinants. Blue-white screening is an example.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector में screening marker मौजूद हो / Vector has a screening marker. A screening marker helps distinguish recombinants and non-recombinants. Blue-white screening is an example.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Screening marker recombinants और non-recombinants में अंतर करने में मदद करता है। Blue-white screening इसका example है।
A. Insert gene का product बनवाने में मदद करता है/Helps produce product of insert gene
Step 1
Concept
An expression vector can contain elements like a promoter. Its purpose can be to express the gene.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert gene का product बनवाने में मदद करता है / Helps produce product of insert gene. An expression vector can contain elements like a promoter. Its purpose can be to express the gene.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expression vector में promoter जैसे elements हो सकते हैं। इसका उद्देश्य gene expression कराना हो सकता है।
The main purpose of a cloning vector is making copies of insert DNA. An expression vector can focus on producing a gene product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cloning vector. The main purpose of a cloning vector is making copies of insert DNA. An expression vector can focus on producing a gene product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector का मुख्य उद्देश्य insert DNA की copies बनवाना होता है। Expression vector gene product बनवाने पर केंद्रित हो सकता है।
A. Expression या downstream use प्रभावित हो सकता है/Expression or downstream use can be affected
Step 1
Concept
Insert direction can affect gene expression or analysis. Directional cloning helps control orientation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expression या downstream use प्रभावित हो सकता है / Expression or downstream use can be affected. Insert direction can affect gene expression or analysis. Directional cloning helps control orientation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert की दिशा gene expression या analysis को प्रभावित कर सकती है। Directional cloning orientation control में मदद करती है।
A. Insert को सही दिशा में जोड़ने के लिए/To join insert in correct orientation
Step 1
Concept
Two different restriction enzymes can create different ends. This can control insert direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert को सही दिशा में जोड़ने के लिए / To join insert in correct orientation. Two different restriction enzymes can create different ends. This can control insert direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो अलग restriction enzymes अलग ends बना सकते हैं। इससे insert की direction control हो सकती है।
A recombinant vector has vector and insert DNA joined together. DNA ligase helps in joining.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector plus insert DNA plus ligase. A recombinant vector has vector and insert DNA joined together. DNA ligase helps in joining.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant vector में vector और insert DNA जुड़े होते हैं। DNA ligase joining में मदद करता है।
The correct answer is A. Selection transformed cells चुनता है और screening recombinants पहचानती है / Selection chooses transformed cells and screening identifies recombinants. Selection helps choose vector-containing cells. Screening helps identify insert-containing recombinants.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selection vector-containing cells चुनने में मदद करता है। Screening insert-containing recombinants पहचानने में मदद करती है।
An antibiotic resistance gene lets bacteria survive on the related antibiotic. This allows transformed cells to be selected.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Antibiotic resistance gene. An antibiotic resistance gene lets bacteria survive on the related antibiotic. This allows transformed cells to be selected.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic resistance gene bacteria को संबंधित antibiotic पर survive करने देता है। इससे transformed cells selected हो सकती हैं।
A selectable marker directly helps identify and select transformed cells. Antibiotic resistance marker is an example.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selectable marker. A selectable marker directly helps identify and select transformed cells. Antibiotic resistance marker is an example.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker transformed cells की पहचान और selection में direct मदद करता है। Antibiotic resistance marker इसका example है।
A. DNA uptake आसान करने के लिए/To make DNA uptake easier
Step 1
Concept
Competent cells are prepared to take up external DNA. This step is useful in transformation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA uptake आसान करने के लिए / To make DNA uptake easier. Competent cells are prepared to take up external DNA. This step is useful in transformation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent cells बाहरी DNA लेने के लिए तैयार होती हैं। Transformation में यह step उपयोगी है।
A. Vector लेने वाली cells चुनने के लिए/To select cells that took the vector
Step 1
Concept
Antibiotic selection allows transformed cells with marker to grow. Non-transformed cells cannot grow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector लेने वाली cells चुनने के लिए / To select cells that took the vector. Antibiotic selection allows transformed cells with marker to grow. Non-transformed cells cannot grow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic selection marker वाले transformed cells को बढ़ने देती है। Non-transformed cells नहीं बढ़ पातीं।
A. Vector का ori host में काम करना चाहिए/Vector ori should work in the host
Step 1
Concept
The vector origin should be compatible with host replication machinery. Only then can the vector replicate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector का ori host में काम करना चाहिए / Vector ori should work in the host. The vector origin should be compatible with host replication machinery. Only then can the vector replicate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector का origin host की replication machinery से compatible होना चाहिए। तभी vector replicate कर पाएगा।
Screening methods help identify recombinants. Blue-white screening or restriction analysis can be examples.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Screening methods से / By screening methods. Screening methods help identify recombinants. Blue-white screening or restriction analysis can be examples.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Screening methods recombinants की पहचान में मदद करती हैं। Blue-white screening या restriction analysis examples हो सकते हैं।
A. Screening marker या restriction analysis से/By screening marker or restriction analysis
Step 1
Concept
A screening marker or restriction analysis can show insert presence. This makes recombinant identification easier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Screening marker या restriction analysis से / By screening marker or restriction analysis. A screening marker or restriction analysis can show insert presence. This makes recombinant identification easier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Screening marker या restriction analysis insert की presence दिखा सकते हैं। इससे recombinant पहचान आसान होती है।
A. Unique और marker area में उपयोगी/Unique and useful in marker area
Step 1
Concept
A unique site gives controlled insertion. Insertion in a marker area can also help screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Unique और marker area में उपयोगी / Unique and useful in marker area. A unique site gives controlled insertion. Insertion in a marker area can also help screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unique site controlled insertion देता है। Marker area में insertion screening में भी मदद कर सकता है।
A. Selectable marker की कमी/Lack of selectable marker
Step 1
Concept
Without a selectable marker it is difficult to select transformed cells. Therefore lack of marker reduces vector usefulness.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selectable marker की कमी / Lack of selectable marker. Without a selectable marker it is difficult to select transformed cells. Therefore lack of marker reduces vector usefulness.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker न हो तो transformed cells चुनना कठिन होगा। इसलिए marker की कमी vector usefulness घटाती है।
A. Foreign DNA को carry और multiply करना/To carry and multiply foreign DNA
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and allows copies to be made. This is its core purpose.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Foreign DNA को carry और multiply करना / To carry and multiply foreign DNA. A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and allows copies to be made. This is its core purpose.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में carry करता है और उसकी copies बनवाता है। यही इसका core purpose है।
A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA carrier/DNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
At easy level treat cloning vector as a DNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site. Questions are built from these functions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA carrier / DNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site. At easy level treat cloning vector as a DNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site. Questions are built from these functions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Easy level पर cloning vector को DNA carrier मानें जिसमें ori marker और cloning site होते हैं। इन्हीं functions से questions बनते हैं।
A. Ori replication marker selection cloning site insertion
Step 1
Concept
Ori is for replication marker is for selection and cloning site is for insertion. This is the most useful comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ori replication marker selection cloning site insertion. Ori is for replication marker is for selection and cloning site is for insertion. This is the most useful comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication के लिए marker selection के लिए और cloning site insertion के लिए होता है। यही सबसे उपयोगी comparison है।
