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A. Transformed cells को चुनना कठिन होगा/Selecting transformed cells will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Ori helps in replication but marker is needed for selection. Without marker identifying transformed cells is difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transformed cells को चुनना कठिन होगा / Selecting transformed cells will be difficult. Ori helps in replication but marker is needed for selection. Without marker identifying transformed cells is difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication में मदद करता है लेकिन marker selection के लिए चाहिए। Marker न होने पर transformed cells पहचानना कठिन है।
A. Vector की replication कठिन होगी/Vector replication will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Ori is the start point of replication. Without ori vector copies cannot be made.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector की replication कठिन होगी / Vector replication will be difficult. Ori is the start point of replication. Without ori vector copies cannot be made.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication का start point है। Ori न होने पर vector की copies नहीं बन पाएँगी।
A. Designed restriction site पर controlled insertion/Controlled insertion at designed restriction site
Step 1
Concept
MCS provides many designed restriction sites. This allows the insert to be added at a controlled position.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Designed restriction site पर controlled insertion / Controlled insertion at designed restriction site. MCS provides many designed restriction sites. This allows the insert to be added at a controlled position.
Step 3
Exam Tip
MCS कई designed restriction sites देता है। इससे insert controlled position पर जोड़ा जा सकता है।
A. उसमें resistance marker वाला vector हो सकता है/It may have a vector with resistance marker
Step 1
Concept
Growth on antibiotic can indicate a transformed cell. But screening may be needed to confirm recombinant status.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसमें resistance marker वाला vector हो सकता है / It may have a vector with resistance marker. Growth on antibiotic can indicate a transformed cell. But screening may be needed to confirm recombinant status.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic growth transformed cell का संकेत हो सकता है। लेकिन recombinant confirm करने के लिए screening जरूरी हो सकती है।
The correct answer is A. Selection transformed cells चुनता है और screening recombinants पहचानती है / Selection chooses transformed cells and screening identifies recombinants. Antibiotic selection chooses vector-containing cells. Blue-white screening helps identify insert-containing recombinants.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic selection vector-containing cells चुनती है। Blue-white screening insert-containing recombinants पहचानने में मदद करती है।
A. lacZ inactive हो सकता है/lacZ can become inactive
Step 1
Concept
An insert can disrupt lacZ. This may produce a white colony indicating a recombinant.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. lacZ inactive हो सकता है / lacZ can become inactive. An insert can disrupt lacZ. This may produce a white colony indicating a recombinant.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert lacZ को disrupt कर सकता है। इससे white colony बन सकती है जो recombinant का संकेत हो सकती है।
A. ampicillin-resistant transformed cells चुनना/Selecting ampicillin-resistant transformed cells
Step 1
Concept
ampR gene gives ampicillin resistance. Thus vector-containing cells can grow on an ampicillin plate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ampicillin-resistant transformed cells चुनना / Selecting ampicillin-resistant transformed cells. ampR gene gives ampicillin resistance. Thus vector-containing cells can grow on an ampicillin plate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ampR gene ampicillin resistance देता है। इससे vector-containing cells ampicillin plate पर grow कर सकती हैं।
A. Transformation कम आसान हो सकता है/Transformation may become less easy
Step 1
Concept
Very large vectors can be difficult to introduce into a host. Therefore small size is a common vector feature.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transformation कम आसान हो सकता है / Transformation may become less easy. Very large vectors can be difficult to introduce into a host. Therefore small size is a common vector feature.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बहुत बड़े vectors को host में introduce करना कठिन हो सकता है। इसलिए small size common vector feature है।
A. जब अधिक plasmid DNA चाहिए/When more plasmid DNA is needed
Step 1
Concept
High copy number can give more plasmid copies per cell. This increases plasmid DNA yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब अधिक plasmid DNA चाहिए / When more plasmid DNA is needed. High copy number can give more plasmid copies per cell. This increases plasmid DNA yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High copy number से प्रति cell अधिक plasmid copies मिल सकती हैं। इससे plasmid DNA yield बढ़ती है।
Ti plasmid is found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Ti plasmid is found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ti plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens में पाया जाता है। Modified Ti plasmid plant transformation में उपयोगी है।
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Modified bacteriophage vectors can be useful in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Bacteriophage vector. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Modified bacteriophage vectors can be useful in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Bacteriophage bacteria को infect करने वाला virus होता है। Modified bacteriophage vector cloning में उपयोगी हो सकता है।
A. छोटा circular double-stranded DNA/Small circular double-stranded DNA
Step 1
Concept
Plasmid vectors are usually small circular double-stranded DNA. They can replicate in a host.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. छोटा circular double-stranded DNA / Small circular double-stranded DNA. Plasmid vectors are usually small circular double-stranded DNA. They can replicate in a host.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid vectors सामान्यतः छोटे circular double-stranded DNA होते हैं। ये host में replicate कर सकते हैं।
A. Ligation कठिन हो सकती है/Ligation may be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Compatible ends make ligation easier. Non-compatible ends can reduce vector-insert joining.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Ligation कठिन हो सकती है / Ligation may be difficult. Compatible ends make ligation easier. Non-compatible ends can reduce vector-insert joining.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Compatible ends ligation को आसान बनाते हैं। Non-compatible ends vector और insert joining को कम कर सकते हैं।
Directional cloning uses different ends to help insert DNA in the desired direction. It can be useful in expression experiments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert orientation control. Directional cloning uses different ends to help insert DNA in the desired direction. It can be useful in expression experiments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Directional cloning अलग ends के कारण insert को desired direction में जोड़ने में मदद करती है। यह expression experiments में उपयोगी हो सकता है।
A. Gene expression कराने के लिए/To enable gene expression
Step 1
Concept
A promoter helps start gene transcription. It is more important in an expression vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gene expression कराने के लिए / To enable gene expression. A promoter helps start gene transcription. It is more important in an expression vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Promoter gene transcription शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। यह expression vector में अधिक महत्वपूर्ण होता है।
A. Cloning vector with ori marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
A simple cloning vector may be enough for DNA copy production. Expression may need extra elements like a promoter.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cloning vector with ori marker and cloning site. A simple cloning vector may be enough for DNA copy production. Expression may need extra elements like a promoter.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Simple cloning vector DNA copy production के लिए पर्याप्त हो सकता है। Expression के लिए promoter जैसे extra elements चाहिए हो सकते हैं।
A. Expected DNA fragment pattern देखने के लिए/To see expected DNA fragment pattern
Step 1
Concept
Restriction digestion can indicate presence and size of insert in a vector. Gel pattern helps in confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expected DNA fragment pattern देखने के लिए / To see expected DNA fragment pattern. Restriction digestion can indicate presence and size of insert in a vector. Gel pattern helps in confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction digestion vector में insert की presence और size का संकेत दे सकता है। Gel pattern से confirmation में मदद मिलती है।
A. Expected size का band gel में दिखना/Band of expected size appears in gel
Step 1
Concept
An expected band can indicate presence of insert. Sequencing can also be useful for final confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expected size का band gel में दिखना / Band of expected size appears in gel. An expected band can indicate presence of insert. Sequencing can also be useful for final confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expected band insert की presence का संकेत दे सकता है। Final confirmation के लिए sequencing भी उपयोगी हो सकती है।
A. Insert sequence और orientation/Insert sequence and orientation
Step 1
Concept
Sequencing can confirm correct insert sequence and orientation. It is a high-confidence confirmation method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert sequence और orientation / Insert sequence and orientation. Sequencing can confirm correct insert sequence and orientation. It is a high-confidence confirmation method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sequencing insert की correct sequence और orientation confirm कर सकती है। यह high-confidence confirmation method है।
A. Recombinant vector में insert DNA होता है/Recombinant vector has insert DNA
Step 1
Concept
A recombinant vector has a foreign insert joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant vector में insert DNA होता है / Recombinant vector has insert DNA. A recombinant vector has a foreign insert joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant vector में foreign insert जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता।
A. Host cells vector तो लेती हैं पर desired insert नहीं होता/Host cells take vector but desired insert is absent
Step 1
Concept
Empty vector colonies may survive selection but lack the desired gene. Therefore screening is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Host cells vector तो लेती हैं पर desired insert नहीं होता / Host cells take vector but desired insert is absent. Empty vector colonies may survive selection but lack the desired gene. Therefore screening is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Empty vector colonies selection में बच सकती हैं लेकिन desired gene नहीं रखतीं। इसलिए screening जरूरी है।
Antibiotic selection shows vector-containing cells. Screening or confirmation is needed to know whether insert is present.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Antibiotic resistance selection. Antibiotic selection shows vector-containing cells. Screening or confirmation is needed to know whether insert is present.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic selection vector-containing cells दिखाती है। Insert है या नहीं इसके लिए screening या confirmation चाहिए।
A. Replication selection और insertion के लिए/For replication selection and insertion
Step 1
Concept
Ori helps replication marker helps selection and MCS helps insertion. These are core features of a cloning vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Replication selection और insertion के लिए / For replication selection and insertion. Ori helps replication marker helps selection and MCS helps insertion. These are core features of a cloning vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori replication marker selection और MCS insertion में मदद करते हैं। ये cloning vector की core features हैं।
A. It is a DNA vehicle for cloning a desired DNA segment
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector carries a desired DNA segment into a host. It is the vehicle of DNA cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. It is a DNA vehicle for cloning a desired DNA segment. A cloning vector carries a desired DNA segment into a host. It is the vehicle of DNA cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector desired DNA segment को host में carry करता है। यह DNA cloning का vehicle है।
A. DNA uptake के लिए तैयार cell/Cell prepared for DNA uptake
Step 1
Concept
Competent cells are prepared to take up external DNA. This may be needed in transformation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA uptake के लिए तैयार cell / Cell prepared for DNA uptake. Competent cells are prepared to take up external DNA. This may be needed in transformation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent cells बाहरी DNA लेने के लिए prepared होती हैं। Transformation में यह आवश्यक हो सकता है।
A. Host vector को replicate कर सकता है/Host can replicate the vector
Step 1
Concept
The host cell provides replication machinery for the vector. Therefore vector-host compatibility is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Host vector को replicate कर सकता है / Host can replicate the vector. The host cell provides replication machinery for the vector. Therefore vector-host compatibility is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Host cell vector की replication machinery उपलब्ध कराती है। इसलिए vector-host compatibility जरूरी है।
A. Vector replication fail हो सकती है/Vector replication may fail
Step 1
Concept
Ori must work with the host replication system. Without compatibility vector copies will not form.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector replication fail हो सकती है / Vector replication may fail. Ori must work with the host replication system. Without compatibility vector copies will not form.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ori को host की replication system के साथ काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility न हो तो vector copies नहीं बनेंगी।
pBR322 is a plasmid vector with selectable markers. It is a classic example of cloning vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. It is a plasmid vector with selectable markers. pBR322 is a plasmid vector with selectable markers. It is a classic example of cloning vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
pBR322 plasmid vector है जिसमें selectable markers होते हैं। यह cloning vectors का classic example है।
A. They are plasmid vectors often known for high copy number
Step 1
Concept
pUC vectors are plasmid vectors often known for high copy number. They can also be linked with blue-white screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. They are plasmid vectors often known for high copy number. pUC vectors are plasmid vectors often known for high copy number. They can also be linked with blue-white screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
pUC vectors plasmid vectors हैं और high copy number के लिए जाने जाते हैं। Blue-white screening से भी जुड़े हो सकते हैं।
A. DNA fragment को directly cut करना/Directly cutting DNA fragment
Step 1
Concept
A selectable marker does not cut DNA. DNA cutting is the job of restriction enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA fragment को directly cut करना / Directly cutting DNA fragment. A selectable marker does not cut DNA. DNA cutting is the job of restriction enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker DNA को cut नहीं करता। DNA cutting restriction enzyme का काम है।
D. Antibiotic selection का medium/Medium for antibiotic selection
Step 1
Concept
A cloning site is an insertion region on the vector. Antibiotic selection medium is a separate plate condition.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. Antibiotic selection का medium / Medium for antibiotic selection. A cloning site is an insertion region on the vector. Antibiotic selection medium is a separate plate condition.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning site vector पर insertion region होता है। Antibiotic selection medium separate plate condition है।
A. Vector और insert compatible ends के साथ ligase से मिलें/Vector and insert with compatible ends are mixed with ligase
Step 1
Concept
Compatible ends and DNA ligase help vector-insert joining. This can form a recombinant vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector और insert compatible ends के साथ ligase से मिलें / Vector and insert with compatible ends are mixed with ligase. Compatible ends and DNA ligase help vector-insert joining. This can form a recombinant vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Compatible ends और DNA ligase vector-insert joining में मदद करते हैं। इससे recombinant vector बन सकता है।
A. Clear selectable marker और useful cloning site/Clear selectable marker and useful cloning site
Step 1
Concept
A clear marker helps selection and a useful cloning site helps insertion. These can increase vector efficiency.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Clear selectable marker और useful cloning site / Clear selectable marker and useful cloning site. A clear marker helps selection and a useful cloning site helps insertion. These can increase vector efficiency.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Clear marker selection में और useful cloning site insertion में मदद करती है। ये vector efficiency बढ़ा सकते हैं।
A. Vector host में replicate होता है/Vector replicates in the host
Step 1
Concept
The insert replicates with the vector in the host. In this way copies of desired DNA increase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector host में replicate होता है / Vector replicates in the host. The insert replicates with the vector in the host. In this way copies of desired DNA increase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert vector के साथ host में replicate होता है। इस तरह desired DNA की copies बढ़ती हैं।
A. Many different DNA inserts को vectors में maintain करना/Maintaining many different DNA inserts in vectors
Step 1
Concept
In a gene library many DNA fragments can be kept cloned in vectors. This is useful in DNA study.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Many different DNA inserts को vectors में maintain करना / Maintaining many different DNA inserts in vectors. In a gene library many DNA fragments can be kept cloned in vectors. This is useful in DNA study.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gene library में कई DNA fragments vectors में cloned रखे जा सकते हैं। यह DNA study में उपयोगी है।
A. Different vectors different insert sizes carry कर सकते हैं/Different vectors can carry different insert sizes
Step 1
Concept
Vectors such as plasmid phage BAC and YAC can have different insert capacities. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Different vectors different insert sizes carry कर सकते हैं / Different vectors can carry different insert sizes. Vectors such as plasmid phage BAC and YAC can have different insert capacities. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid phage BAC और YAC जैसे vectors की insert capacity अलग हो सकती है। Vector choice insert size पर निर्भर हो सकती है।
A. Vectors foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनवाते हैं/Vectors carry foreign DNA into host and allow copying
Step 1
Concept
Cloning vectors are DNA carriers that help foreign DNA replicate in a host. Ori marker and cloning site are their core features.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vectors foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनवाते हैं / Vectors carry foreign DNA into host and allow copying. Cloning vectors are DNA carriers that help foreign DNA replicate in a host. Ori marker and cloning site are their core features.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं जो foreign DNA को host में replicate करवाते हैं। Ori marker और cloning site इनके core features हैं।
A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning site वाला डीएनए वाहक/DNA carrier with ori selectable marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA carrier with replication selection and insertion features. This is the concise answer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning site वाला डीएनए वाहक / DNA carrier with ori selectable marker and cloning site. In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA carrier with replication selection and insertion features. This is the concise answer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Exam में cloning vector को DNA carrier मानें जिसमें replication selection और insertion features हों। यही concise answer है।
