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A. वांछित डीएनए खंड को होस्ट कोशिका में ले जाना/Carrying desired DNA fragment into a host cell
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector is a carrier that delivers desired DNA into a host. For exams remember it as a gene carrier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वांछित डीएनए खंड को होस्ट कोशिका में ले जाना / Carrying desired DNA fragment into a host cell. A cloning vector is a carrier that delivers desired DNA into a host. For exams remember it as a gene carrier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
क्लोनिंग वेक्टर वांछित डीएनए को होस्ट में पहुँचाने वाला वाहक होता है। परीक्षा में इसे जीन वाहक की तरह याद रखें।
B. यह प्रतिकृति शुरू करने का स्थान है/It is the site for starting replication
Step 1
Concept
Ori is the origin of replication. Without ori the vector cannot properly make copies in the host.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. यह प्रतिकृति शुरू करने का स्थान है / It is the site for starting replication. Ori is the origin of replication. Without ori the vector cannot properly make copies in the host.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ओरी प्रतिकृति का आरंभ स्थल होता है। बिना ओरी वेक्टर होस्ट में अपनी प्रतियाँ ठीक से नहीं बना पाएगा।
A. सही रूपांतरित कोशिकाओं की पहचान के लिए/To identify transformed cells
Step 1
Concept
A selectable marker helps identify cells that have received the vector. Remember it as a selection tool.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सही रूपांतरित कोशिकाओं की पहचान के लिए / To identify transformed cells. A selectable marker helps identify cells that have received the vector. Remember it as a selection tool.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker उन कोशिकाओं को पहचानने में मदद करता है जिनमें वेक्टर प्रवेश कर चुका है। परीक्षा में इसे selection tool याद रखें।
A. वह स्थान जहाँ insert डीएनए जोड़ा जाता है/Site where insert DNA is joined
Step 1
Concept
A cloning site is the place in a vector where foreign DNA is inserted. Treat it as the insert entry point.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वह स्थान जहाँ insert डीएनए जोड़ा जाता है / Site where insert DNA is joined. A cloning site is the place in a vector where foreign DNA is inserted. Treat it as the insert entry point.
Step 3
Exam Tip
क्लोनिंग साइट वेक्टर का वह स्थान है जहाँ विदेशी डीएनए जोड़ा जाता है। इसे insert entry point समझें।
Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules and are very useful as cloning vectors. Remember plasmid as a common vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्लास्मिड / Plasmid. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules and are very useful as cloning vectors. Remember plasmid as a common vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्लास्मिड छोटे वृत्ताकार डीएनए अणु होते हैं और cloning vectors के रूप में बहुत उपयोगी हैं। परीक्षा में plasmid को common vector याद रखें।
A. होस्ट में प्रतिकृति बना सके/It can replicate in host
Step 1
Concept
A good vector should make copies in the host cell. Ori is needed for this.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. होस्ट में प्रतिकृति बना सके / It can replicate in host. A good vector should make copies in the host cell. Ori is needed for this.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अच्छे वेक्टर को होस्ट कोशिका में अपनी प्रतियाँ बनानी चाहिए। इसके लिए ओरी जरूरी होता है।
B. छोटा और आसानी से संभलने वाला/Small and easy to handle
Step 1
Concept
A small vector is easier to isolate and introduce into a host. In exams treat small size as a useful feature.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. छोटा और आसानी से संभलने वाला / Small and easy to handle. A small vector is easier to isolate and introduce into a host. In exams treat small size as a useful feature.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटे वेक्टर को अलग करना और होस्ट में पहुँचाना आसान होता है। परीक्षा में small size को useful feature मानें।
An antibiotic resistance gene helps select transformed cells. Therefore it is an example of a selectable marker.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selectable marker. An antibiotic resistance gene helps select transformed cells. Therefore it is an example of a selectable marker.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Antibiotic resistance gene transformed cells को चुनने में मदद करता है। इसलिए यह selectable marker का उदाहरण है।
In transformation recombinant or plasmid DNA is introduced into a host cell. It is an important step in cloning workflow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. रूपांतरण / Transformation. In transformation recombinant or plasmid DNA is introduced into a host cell. It is an important step in cloning workflow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रूपांतरण में recombinant या plasmid DNA होस्ट कोशिका में पहुँचाया जाता है। यह cloning workflow का जरूरी चरण है।
A. कई restriction sites देना/Providing many restriction sites
Step 1
Concept
A multiple cloning site contains many restriction enzyme sites. It increases options for inserting DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कई restriction sites देना / Providing many restriction sites. A multiple cloning site contains many restriction enzyme sites. It increases options for inserting DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Multiple cloning site में कई restriction enzyme sites होते हैं। इससे insert जोड़ने के विकल्प बढ़ जाते हैं।
A. सही transformed cells पहचानना कठिन होगा/It will be difficult to identify transformed cells
Step 1
Concept
A selectable marker helps distinguish transformed and non-transformed cells. Without it selection becomes difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सही transformed cells पहचानना कठिन होगा / It will be difficult to identify transformed cells. A selectable marker helps distinguish transformed and non-transformed cells. Without it selection becomes difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Selectable marker transformed और non-transformed कोशिकाओं में अंतर करने में मदद करता है। इसके बिना selection कठिन हो जाता है।
Ti plasmid is linked with Agrobacterium and is useful for gene transfer in plants. Remember it as a plant vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. टीआई प्लास्मिड / Ti plasmid. Ti plasmid is linked with Agrobacterium and is useful for gene transfer in plants. Remember it as a plant vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
टीआई प्लास्मिड Agrobacterium से जुड़ा है और पौधों में जीन स्थानांतरण के लिए उपयोगी है। इसे plant vector याद रखें।
A. पौधों में डीएनए स्थानांतरण/DNA transfer into plants
Step 1
Concept
Agrobacterium is known for its ability to transfer DNA into plants. Its Ti plasmid is useful in biotechnology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पौधों में डीएनए स्थानांतरण / DNA transfer into plants. Agrobacterium is known for its ability to transfer DNA into plants. Its Ti plasmid is useful in biotechnology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Agrobacterium पौधों में डीएनए पहुँचाने की क्षमता के लिए जाना जाता है। इसका Ti plasmid biotechnology में उपयोगी है।
A. एक कोशिका में वेक्टर की प्रतियों की संख्या/Number of vector copies in a cell
Step 1
Concept
Copy number tells how many plasmid copies can be present in one host cell. It can affect DNA yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक कोशिका में वेक्टर की प्रतियों की संख्या / Number of vector copies in a cell. Copy number tells how many plasmid copies can be present in one host cell. It can affect DNA yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Copy number बताता है कि एक होस्ट कोशिका में plasmid की कितनी प्रतियाँ हो सकती हैं। यह DNA yield को प्रभावित कर सकता है।
A. उच्च copy number और cloning use/High copy number and cloning use
Step 1
Concept
pUC vectors are known for high copy number. They are useful in plasmid cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उच्च copy number और cloning use / High copy number and cloning use. pUC vectors are known for high copy number. They are useful in plasmid cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
pUC vectors high copy number के लिए जाने जाते हैं। ये plasmid cloning में उपयोगी हैं।
A. Recombinant और non-recombinant colonies अलग करने में मदद/Helps distinguish recombinant and non-recombinant colonies
Step 1
Concept
Disruption of lacZ can change colony color. This helps identify recombinant colonies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant और non-recombinant colonies अलग करने में मदद / Helps distinguish recombinant and non-recombinant colonies. Disruption of lacZ can change colony color. This helps identify recombinant colonies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
lacZ disruption से colony color बदल सकता है। इससे recombinant colonies पहचानने में मदद मिलती है।
A. Insert के कारण marker gene का काम बंद होना/Marker gene becomes inactive due to insert
Step 1
Concept
When an insert disrupts a marker gene and makes it inactive it is called insertional inactivation. It is useful in screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert के कारण marker gene का काम बंद होना / Marker gene becomes inactive due to insert. When an insert disrupts a marker gene and makes it inactive it is called insertional inactivation. It is useful in screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब insert किसी marker gene में जुड़कर उसे inactive कर देता है तो इसे insertional inactivation कहते हैं। यह screening में उपयोगी है।
A. वांछित डीएनए डालने के लिए cut site देने हेतु/To provide a cut site for inserting desired DNA
Step 1
Concept
A restriction site allows the vector to be cut at a controlled position. This makes insert DNA joining easier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वांछित डीएनए डालने के लिए cut site देने हेतु / To provide a cut site for inserting desired DNA. A restriction site allows the vector to be cut at a controlled position. This makes insert DNA joining easier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction site vector को नियंत्रित जगह पर काटने देता है। इससे insert DNA जोड़ना आसान होता है।
Insertion into lacZ changes colony color in blue-white screening. This helps identify recombinants.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नीले-सफेद चयन / Blue-white selection. Insertion into lacZ changes colony color in blue-white screening. This helps identify recombinants.
Step 3
Exam Tip
lacZ gene में insert आने से blue-white screening में colony color बदलता है। इससे recombinants पहचाने जाते हैं।
A. स्वतंत्र वृत्ताकार डीएनए के रूप में/As independent circular DNA
Step 1
Concept
Plasmids are independent DNA molecules separate from the chromosome. They can replicate due to their origin.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्वतंत्र वृत्ताकार डीएनए के रूप में / As independent circular DNA. Plasmids are independent DNA molecules separate from the chromosome. They can replicate due to their origin.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्लास्मिड chromosome से अलग स्वतंत्र डीएनए अणु होते हैं। वे अपने origin के कारण replicate कर सकते हैं।
A. ओरी और selectable marker/Ori and selectable marker
Step 1
Concept
Ori allows replication and marker helps in selection. Both are important for vector maintenance.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ओरी और selectable marker / Ori and selectable marker. Ori allows replication and marker helps in selection. Both are important for vector maintenance.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ओरी प्रतिकृति कराता है और marker selection में मदद करता है। दोनों vector maintenance के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
When insert DNA is added the vector becomes a recombinant vector. This is the main product of a cloning experiment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. रिकॉम्बिनेंट वेक्टर / Recombinant vector. When insert DNA is added the vector becomes a recombinant vector. This is the main product of a cloning experiment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert DNA जुड़ने पर vector recombinant vector बन जाता है। यह cloning experiment का मुख्य product है।
A. Antibiotic medium पर transformed cells चुनने के लिए/To select transformed cells on antibiotic medium
Step 1
Concept
Cells with a resistance marker can grow on the related antibiotic. This allows selection of transformed cells.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Antibiotic medium पर transformed cells चुनने के लिए / To select transformed cells on antibiotic medium. Cells with a resistance marker can grow on the related antibiotic. This allows selection of transformed cells.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Resistance marker वाली कोशिकाएँ संबंधित antibiotic पर बढ़ सकती हैं। इससे transformed cells चुनी जाती हैं।
A. उसे restriction enzyme से काटा जाता है/It is cut with a restriction enzyme
Step 1
Concept
The vector is cut at a suitable restriction site to create space for the insert. Then ligase joins it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसे restriction enzyme से काटा जाता है / It is cut with a restriction enzyme. The vector is cut at a suitable restriction site to create space for the insert. Then ligase joins it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector को उचित restriction site पर काटकर insert के लिए जगह बनाई जाती है। फिर ligase joining करता है।
Escherichia coli is a very common host for plasmid cloning. It grows fast and is easy to handle in the lab.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एशेरिशिया कोलाई / Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a very common host for plasmid cloning. It grows fast and is easy to handle in the lab.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Escherichia coli plasmid cloning के लिए बहुत common host है। यह जल्दी बढ़ता है और प्रयोगशाला में संभालना आसान है।
A. उसकी कई प्रतियाँ बनवाना/To make many copies of it
Step 1
Concept
The vector carries foreign DNA into a host where copies can be made. This is the main purpose of cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसकी कई प्रतियाँ बनवाना / To make many copies of it. The vector carries foreign DNA into a host where copies can be made. This is the main purpose of cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector foreign DNA को host में ले जाता है जहाँ उसकी प्रतियाँ बन सकती हैं। यही cloning का मुख्य उद्देश्य है।
A. यह DNA carrier की तरह काम करता है/It acts as a DNA carrier
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector carries desired DNA into a host. It is a basic tool of gene cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह DNA carrier की तरह काम करता है / It acts as a DNA carrier. A cloning vector carries desired DNA into a host. It is a basic tool of gene cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector desired DNA को host में carry करता है। यह gene cloning का basic tool है।
A. Vector को केवल एक निश्चित जगह पर खोलने में मदद करता है/It helps open the vector at one defined place
Step 1
Concept
A unique restriction site is useful for controlled insertion. It avoids unwanted cutting at many places in the vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Vector को केवल एक निश्चित जगह पर खोलने में मदद करता है / It helps open the vector at one defined place. A unique restriction site is useful for controlled insertion. It avoids unwanted cutting at many places in the vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unique restriction site controlled insertion के लिए उपयोगी है। इससे vector कई जगहों पर अनचाहे कट से बचता है।
A. Host में vector की प्रतियाँ बनना कठिन होगा/It will be difficult for the vector to make copies in host
Step 1
Concept
Origin of replication is needed for vector replication. Without it DNA copies will not increase in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Host में vector की प्रतियाँ बनना कठिन होगा / It will be difficult for the vector to make copies in host. Origin of replication is needed for vector replication. Without it DNA copies will not increase in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Origin of replication vector replication के लिए आवश्यक है। इसके बिना cloning में DNA copies नहीं बढ़ेंगी।
A cloning vector needs ori selectable marker and cloning site. Chlorophyll pigment is not an essential part of a cloning vector.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. क्लोरोफिल pigment / Chlorophyll pigment. A cloning vector needs ori selectable marker and cloning site. Chlorophyll pigment is not an essential part of a cloning vector.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector में ori selectable marker और cloning site जरूरी होते हैं। Chlorophyll pigment cloning vector का आवश्यक भाग नहीं है।
A. Selection या screening के लिए/For selection or screening
Step 1
Concept
A marker gene helps identify transformed or recombinant cells. It makes a cloning experiment practical.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selection या screening के लिए / For selection or screening. A marker gene helps identify transformed or recombinant cells. It makes a cloning experiment practical.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Marker gene transformed या recombinant cells की पहचान में मदद करता है। यह cloning experiment को practical बनाता है।
A. जब insert gene को express कराना हो/When the insert gene needs to be expressed
Step 1
Concept
In expression vectors promoter is needed for gene expression. In simple cloning vectors the main focus is making DNA copies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब insert gene को express कराना हो / When the insert gene needs to be expressed. In expression vectors promoter is needed for gene expression. In simple cloning vectors the main focus is making DNA copies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expression vectors में promoter gene expression के लिए जरूरी होता है। केवल cloning vector में मुख्य focus DNA copy बनाना होता है।
A. Expression vector gene product बनवाने में मदद करता है/Expression vector helps produce gene product
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector is for making DNA copies. An expression vector helps gene expression and product formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expression vector gene product बनवाने में मदद करता है / Expression vector helps produce gene product. A cloning vector is for making DNA copies. An expression vector helps gene expression and product formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए होता है। Expression vector gene expression और product formation में मदद करता है।
A. बहुत बड़े डीएनए insert cloning/Cloning very large DNA inserts
Step 1
Concept
YAC can be useful for carrying very large DNA inserts. Link it with yeast-based large insert vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बहुत बड़े डीएनए insert cloning / Cloning very large DNA inserts. YAC can be useful for carrying very large DNA inserts. Link it with yeast-based large insert vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
YAC बहुत बड़े DNA inserts को carry करने के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है। इसे yeast-based large insert vector से जोड़ें।
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Modified phage vectors can be useful in DNA cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Virus that infects bacteria. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Modified phage vectors can be useful in DNA cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Bacteriophage bacteria को infect करने वाला virus होता है। Modified phage vectors DNA cloning में उपयोगी हो सकते हैं।
A. वेक्टर और insert की प्रतियाँ बनाने के लिए/To make copies of vector and insert
Step 1
Concept
A host cell can replicate the recombinant vector. This produces many copies of the desired DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेक्टर और insert की प्रतियाँ बनाने के लिए / To make copies of vector and insert. A host cell can replicate the recombinant vector. This produces many copies of the desired DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Host cell recombinant vector को replicate कर सकती है। इससे desired DNA की कई प्रतियाँ बनती हैं।
A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning site/Ori selectable marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
A good cloning vector should have parts like ori marker and cloning site. They help in replication selection and insertion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning site / Ori selectable marker and cloning site. A good cloning vector should have parts like ori marker and cloning site. They help in replication selection and insertion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक अच्छे cloning vector में ori marker और cloning site जैसे भाग होने चाहिए। ये replication selection और insertion में मदद करते हैं।
DNA ligase joins the foreign gene and vector ends. Restriction enzymes can create compatible ends first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. डीएनए लाइगेज / DNA ligase. DNA ligase joins the foreign gene and vector ends. Restriction enzymes can create compatible ends first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase foreign gene और vector ends को जोड़ता है। Restriction enzymes पहले compatible ends बना सकते हैं।
A. Desired DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनाना/Carrying desired DNA into host and making copies
Step 1
Concept
A vector carries desired DNA into a host and helps replication. Therefore a vector is necessary in gene cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Desired DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनाना / Carrying desired DNA into host and making copies. A vector carries desired DNA into a host and helps replication. Therefore a vector is necessary in gene cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector desired DNA को host में पहुँचाकर replication में मदद करता है। इसलिए gene cloning में vector जरूरी है।
A. वे छोटे circular DNA carriers हो सकते हैं/They can be small circular DNA carriers
Step 1
Concept
Plasmid vectors work like circular DNA carriers. They can replicate in a host.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे छोटे circular DNA carriers हो सकते हैं / They can be small circular DNA carriers. Plasmid vectors work like circular DNA carriers. They can replicate in a host.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid vectors circular DNA carriers की तरह काम करते हैं। वे host में replicate हो सकते हैं।
A. वह डीएनए वाहक जो foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर replicate कराता है/A DNA carrier that takes foreign DNA into host and helps it replicate
Step 1
Concept
A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps increase copy number. This is the core summary of the topic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वह डीएनए वाहक जो foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर replicate कराता है / A DNA carrier that takes foreign DNA into host and helps it replicate. A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps increase copy number. This is the core summary of the topic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में carry करता है और copy number बढ़ाने में मदद करता है। यही topic का मूल सार है।
A. ओरी marker और cloning site/Ori marker and cloning site
Step 1
Concept
The basic parts of a cloning vector are ori marker and cloning site. Remember them with their functions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ओरी marker और cloning site / Ori marker and cloning site. The basic parts of a cloning vector are ori marker and cloning site. Remember them with their functions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector के basic parts ori marker और cloning site हैं। इन्हें functions के साथ याद करें।
