B. वे specific recognition sites पर cut करते हैं/They cut at specific recognition sites
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are not random cutters. They recognize specific DNA recognition sites.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वे specific recognition sites पर cut करते हैं / They cut at specific recognition sites. Restriction enzymes are not random cutters. They recognize specific DNA recognition sites.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes random cutters नहीं हैं। वे specific DNA recognition sites पहचानते हैं।
A. DNA को selected site पर cut करना/Cutting DNA at a selected site
Step 1
Concept
A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a selected restriction site. This can be a starting step in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA को selected site पर cut करना / Cutting DNA at a selected site. A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a selected restriction site. This can be a starting step in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme DNA को selected restriction site पर cut करता है। यह cloning का starting step हो सकता है।
A. दोनों में compatible ends बनाना/To make compatible ends in both
Step 1
Concept
The same restriction enzyme can create compatible ends. This makes insert-vector joining easier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों में compatible ends बनाना / To make compatible ends in both. The same restriction enzyme can create compatible ends. This makes insert-vector joining easier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Same restriction enzyme compatible ends बना सकता है। इससे insert-vector joining आसान होती है।
A. DNA ligase या compatible ends/DNA ligase or compatible ends
Step 1
Concept
DNA ligase and compatible ends are needed to join cut ends. Restriction enzyme only performs cutting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA ligase या compatible ends / DNA ligase or compatible ends. DNA ligase and compatible ends are needed to join cut ends. Restriction enzyme only performs cutting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cut ends को join करने के लिए DNA ligase और compatible ends जरूरी हैं। Restriction enzyme केवल cutting करता है।
A. दोनों strands सीधे same point पर cut/Both strands cut straight at the same point
Step 1
Concept
A blunt end has no overhang. Both strands are cut almost at the same position.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों strands सीधे same point पर cut / Both strands cut straight at the same point. A blunt end has no overhang. Both strands are cut almost at the same position.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Blunt end में overhang नहीं होता। दोनों strands लगभग same position पर cut होते हैं।
A. एक strand में छोटा overhang/A small overhang on one strand
Step 1
Concept
A sticky end has a single stranded overhang. This overhang can pair with a complementary sequence.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक strand में छोटा overhang / A small overhang on one strand. A sticky end has a single stranded overhang. This overhang can pair with a complementary sequence.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sticky end में single stranded overhang होता है। यह overhang complementary sequence से pair कर सकता है।
A. recognition site absent है/Recognition site is absent
Step 1
Concept
Without a recognition site the enzyme has no cut target. Therefore expected cut will not occur.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. recognition site absent है / Recognition site is absent. Without a recognition site the enzyme has no cut target. Therefore expected cut will not occur.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recognition site न हो तो enzyme के पास cut target नहीं होगा। इसलिए expected cut नहीं बनेगा।
Methylation can prevent some restriction enzymes from cutting. This may change expected bands.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुछ sites cut न हों / Some sites may not cut. Methylation can prevent some restriction enzymes from cutting. This may change expected bands.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Methylation कुछ restriction enzymes को cut करने से रोक सकती है। इससे expected bands बदल सकते हैं।
A. नाम source organism से जुड़ा होता है/Name is related to the source organism
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzyme names can relate to source genus species and strain. EcoRI is a common example.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाम source organism से जुड़ा होता है / Name is related to the source organism. Restriction enzyme names can relate to source genus species and strain. EcoRI is a common example.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme names source genus species और strain से जुड़ सकते हैं। EcoRI इसका common example है।
A. उस strain से isolate किया गया पहला enzyme/First enzyme isolated from that strain
Step 1
Concept
The Roman numeral can show isolation order. In EcoRI I indicates the first enzyme from that source.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उस strain से isolate किया गया पहला enzyme / First enzyme isolated from that strain. The Roman numeral can show isolation order. In EcoRI I indicates the first enzyme from that source.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Roman numeral isolation order को दर्शा सकता है। EcoRI में I उस source से first enzyme का संकेत है।
A. दोनों restriction enzymes हैं/Both are restriction enzymes
Step 1
Concept
HindIII and EcoRI are both DNA-cutting restriction enzymes. Their recognition sequences are different.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों restriction enzymes हैं / Both are restriction enzymes. HindIII and EcoRI are both DNA-cutting restriction enzymes. Their recognition sequences are different.
Step 3
Exam Tip
HindIII और EcoRI दोनों DNA cutting restriction enzymes हैं। इनके recognition sequences अलग हैं।
A. DNA में अधिक recognition sites हों/DNA has more recognition sites
Step 1
Concept
More recognition sites can lead to more cuts. This can increase the number of fragments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA में अधिक recognition sites हों / DNA has more recognition sites. More recognition sites can lead to more cuts. This can increase the number of fragments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अधिक recognition sites पर अधिक cuts हो सकते हैं। इससे fragments की संख्या बढ़ सकती है।
When a restriction site is removed the expected cut will not occur. This may show a larger fragment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक cut कम हो सकता है / One cut may be lost. When a restriction site is removed the expected cut will not occur. This may show a larger fragment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction site हटने पर expected cut नहीं होगा। इससे larger fragment दिख सकता है।
A new restriction site can give an additional cut. This can change the gel pattern.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. extra cut बन सकता है / An extra cut may form. A new restriction site can give an additional cut. This can change the gel pattern.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया restriction site additional cut दे सकता है। इससे gel pattern बदल सकता है।
A. restriction fragments की length variation/Length variation of restriction fragments
Step 1
Concept
In RFLP differences in lengths of DNA fragments made by restriction enzymes are observed. It is useful in DNA analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction fragments की length variation / Length variation of restriction fragments. In RFLP differences in lengths of DNA fragments made by restriction enzymes are observed. It is useful in DNA analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
RFLP में restriction enzyme से बने DNA fragments की length में अंतर देखा जाता है। यह DNA analysis में उपयोगी है।
A. व्यक्ति-विशेष DNA pattern देखने के लिए/To see individual-specific DNA pattern
Step 1
Concept
The pattern of restriction fragments can differ among individuals. Thus comparison can help in identification.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. व्यक्ति-विशेष DNA pattern देखने के लिए / To see individual-specific DNA pattern. The pattern of restriction fragments can differ among individuals. Thus comparison can help in identification.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction fragments का pattern अलग व्यक्तियों में अलग हो सकता है। इसलिए comparison identification में मदद कर सकता है।
A. restriction enzyme vector को cut कर सकता है/Restriction enzyme can cut the vector
Step 1
Concept
A restriction enzyme is useful to open a cloning vector for an insert. This is a basic step in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction enzyme vector को cut कर सकता है / Restriction enzyme can cut the vector. A restriction enzyme is useful to open a cloning vector for an insert. This is a basic step in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning vector को insert के लिए open करने में restriction enzyme उपयोगी होता है। यह cloning का basic step है।
A. दो अलग enzymes से directional cloning/Directional cloning with two different enzymes
Step 1
Concept
Two different incompatible ends can reduce vector self-ligation. This is useful in cloning strategy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दो अलग enzymes से directional cloning / Directional cloning with two different enzymes. Two different incompatible ends can reduce vector self-ligation. This is useful in cloning strategy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो अलग incompatible ends vector की self-ligation घटा सकते हैं। यह cloning strategy में उपयोगी है।
Restriction enzymes cut phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. This fact is linked with DNA structure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. phosphodiester bond. Restriction enzymes cut phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. This fact is linked with DNA structure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA के sugar-phosphate backbone में phosphodiester bonds काटते हैं। यह DNA structure से जुड़ा fact है।
A. heat से activity घट सकती है/Heat can reduce activity
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are protein enzymes. High heat or wrong conditions can reduce activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. heat से activity घट सकती है / Heat can reduce activity. Restriction enzymes are protein enzymes. High heat or wrong conditions can reduce activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes protein enzymes हैं। अधिक heat या गलत conditions activity घटा सकती हैं।
A. लगभग 37 डिग्री सेल्सियस/About 37 degrees Celsius
Step 1
Concept
Many bacterial enzymes are active around 37 degrees Celsius. However the exact optimum can be enzyme-specific.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 37 डिग्री सेल्सियस / About 37 degrees Celsius. Many bacterial enzymes are active around 37 degrees Celsius. However the exact optimum can be enzyme-specific.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई bacterial enzymes 37 डिग्री सेल्सियस के आसपास active रहते हैं। फिर भी exact optimum enzyme-specific हो सकता है।
A. enzyme को DNA cut करने का समय देना/Giving enzyme time to cut DNA
Step 1
Concept
During incubation the enzyme acts on DNA under suitable conditions. Time and temperature are practical factors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. enzyme को DNA cut करने का समय देना / Giving enzyme time to cut DNA. During incubation the enzyme acts on DNA under suitable conditions. Time and temperature are practical factors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Incubation में enzyme उचित condition में DNA पर action करता है। Time और temperature practical factors हैं।
A. क्योंकि छोटा sequence statistically अधिक frequent हो सकता है/Because a shorter sequence can be statistically more frequent
Step 1
Concept
Short recognition sequences can occur more often than longer sequences. This can lead to more cut sites.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि छोटा sequence statistically अधिक frequent हो सकता है / Because a shorter sequence can be statistically more frequent. Short recognition sequences can occur more often than longer sequences. This can lead to more cut sites.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Short recognition sequences longer sequences की तुलना में अधिक बार मिल सकते हैं। इससे अधिक cut sites संभव हैं।
A. कम frequent sites देगा/Give less frequent sites
Step 1
Concept
A longer recognition sequence is less likely to occur frequently. This can affect the number of fragments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कम frequent sites देगा / Give less frequent sites. A longer recognition sequence is less likely to occur frequently. This can affect the number of fragments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Longer recognition sequence कम बार मिलने की संभावना रखता है। इससे fragments की संख्या प्रभावित हो सकती है।
A. DNA properly cut नहीं होगा/DNA will not be cut properly
Step 1
Concept
An inactive enzyme cannot cut even if the recognition site is present. Activity is a basic requirement of restriction digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA properly cut नहीं होगा / DNA will not be cut properly. An inactive enzyme cannot cut even if the recognition site is present. Activity is a basic requirement of restriction digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inactive enzyme recognition site होने पर भी cut नहीं कर सकता। Activity restriction digestion की basic requirement है।
If an uncut band appears some plasmid molecules may not have been cut. This can indicate incomplete digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. incomplete digestion. If an uncut band appears some plasmid molecules may not have been cut. This can indicate incomplete digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Uncut band दिखे तो कुछ plasmid molecules cut नहीं हुए हो सकते हैं। यह incomplete digestion का संकेत हो सकता है।
First the restriction enzyme cuts DNA and then gel electrophoresis separates fragments. Both are linked in DNA analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA fragment analysis. First the restriction enzyme cuts DNA and then gel electrophoresis separates fragments. Both are linked in DNA analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले restriction enzyme DNA cut करता है और फिर gel electrophoresis fragments अलग करता है। दोनों DNA analysis में जुड़े हैं।
A. वे DNA molecules को cut करते हैं/They cut DNA molecules
Step 1
Concept
The name molecular scissors comes from their DNA cutting function. This is a basic term in Class 11 biotechnology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे DNA molecules को cut करते हैं / They cut DNA molecules. The name molecular scissors comes from their DNA cutting function. This is a basic term in Class 11 biotechnology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Molecular scissors नाम DNA cutting function के कारण है। यह Class 11 biotechnology का basic term है।
A. कई restriction enzymes palindromic DNA sites पहचानते हैं/Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sites
Step 1
Concept
Many recognition sites are palindromic. This is linked with sequence recognition by restriction enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कई restriction enzymes palindromic DNA sites पहचानते हैं / Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sites. Many recognition sites are palindromic. This is linked with sequence recognition by restriction enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई recognition sites palindromic होते हैं। यह restriction enzymes की sequence recognition से जुड़ा है।
A. methylase और methylation/Methylase and methylation
Step 1
Concept
Methylase can methylate bacterial DNA. This prevents restriction enzymes from cutting self DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. methylase और methylation / Methylase and methylation. Methylase can methylate bacterial DNA. This prevents restriction enzymes from cutting self DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Methylase bacterial DNA को methylate कर सकता है। इससे restriction enzyme अपना DNA नहीं काटता।
A. foreign DNA cut कर सकता है/It can cut foreign DNA
Step 1
Concept
If foreign DNA is not methylated the restriction enzyme can recognize and cut it. This is part of bacterial defense.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. foreign DNA cut कर सकता है / It can cut foreign DNA. If foreign DNA is not methylated the restriction enzyme can recognize and cut it. This is part of bacterial defense.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Foreign DNA methylated न हो तो restriction enzyme उसे पहचानकर cut कर सकता है। यह bacterial defense का हिस्सा है।
A. EcoRI BamHI HindIII common examples हैं/EcoRI BamHI HindIII are common examples
Step 1
Concept
EcoRI BamHI and HindIII are common examples of restriction enzymes. The other options are not DNA-cutting restriction enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. EcoRI BamHI HindIII common examples हैं / EcoRI BamHI HindIII are common examples. EcoRI BamHI and HindIII are common examples of restriction enzymes. The other options are not DNA-cutting restriction enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
EcoRI BamHI और HindIII restriction enzymes के common examples हैं। बाकी options DNA-cutting restriction enzymes नहीं हैं।
A. pH temperature और buffer condition/pH temperature and buffer condition
Step 1
Concept
Enzymes can be sensitive to reaction conditions. pH temperature and buffer can affect activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. pH temperature और buffer condition / pH temperature and buffer condition. Enzymes can be sensitive to reaction conditions. pH temperature and buffer can affect activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Enzymes reaction conditions के प्रति sensitive हो सकते हैं। pH temperature और buffer activity को प्रभावित कर सकते हैं।
A. DNA cut करना और gene cloning में उपयोग/Cutting DNA and use in gene cloning
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes cut DNA and are useful in gene cloning. This is the central link of the topic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA cut करना और gene cloning में उपयोग / Cutting DNA and use in gene cloning. Restriction enzymes cut DNA and are useful in gene cloning. This is the central link of the topic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA cut करते हैं और gene cloning में useful हैं। यह topic का central link है।
A. EcoRI किस sequence को पहचानता है/Which sequence does EcoRI recognize
Step 1
Concept
EcoRI and recognition sequence matching is common in exams. Revise it as a direct fact.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. EcoRI किस sequence को पहचानता है / Which sequence does EcoRI recognize. EcoRI and recognition sequence matching is common in exams. Revise it as a direct fact.
Step 3
Exam Tip
EcoRI और recognition sequence matching exam में common है। इसे direct fact के रूप में revise करें।
A. restriction enzyme vector को cut करता है फिर insert ligate होता है/Restriction enzyme cuts vector then insert is ligated
Step 1
Concept
In cloning a vector can be cut by a restriction enzyme. Then insert is joined by DNA ligase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction enzyme vector को cut करता है फिर insert ligate होता है / Restriction enzyme cuts vector then insert is ligated. In cloning a vector can be cut by a restriction enzyme. Then insert is joined by DNA ligase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cloning में vector को restriction enzyme से cut किया जा सकता है। फिर insert DNA ligase से जोड़ा जाता है।
A. insert के दोनों ends समान compatible हों/Both ends of insert are same compatible type
Step 1
Concept
Same compatible ends can reduce orientation control. Directional cloning can reduce this risk.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. insert के दोनों ends समान compatible हों / Both ends of insert are same compatible type. Same compatible ends can reduce orientation control. Directional cloning can reduce this risk.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Same compatible ends orientation control घटा सकते हैं। Directional cloning इस risk को कम कर सकती है।
A. restriction enzyme अंदर specific cut कर सकता है/Restriction enzyme can cut internally at specific sites
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes cut internally like endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from nucleic acid ends.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction enzyme अंदर specific cut कर सकता है / Restriction enzyme can cut internally at specific sites. Restriction enzymes cut internally like endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from nucleic acid ends.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes endonucleases की तरह DNA के अंदर cut करते हैं। Exonucleases nucleic acid ends से nucleotides हटाते हैं।
In linear DNA after complete digestion fragments are one more than cuts. Apply this in simple mapping MCQs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. linear DNA fragments equal cuts plus one. In linear DNA after complete digestion fragments are one more than cuts. Apply this in simple mapping MCQs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Linear DNA में complete digestion के बाद fragments cuts से एक अधिक होते हैं। इसे simple mapping MCQs में apply करें।
A. complete digestion में fragments cuts के बराबर/In complete digestion fragments equal cuts
Step 1
Concept
In circular DNA after complete digestion fragments equal the number of cut sites. This is useful in plasmid questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. complete digestion में fragments cuts के बराबर / In complete digestion fragments equal cuts. In circular DNA after complete digestion fragments equal the number of cut sites. This is useful in plasmid questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Circular DNA में complete digestion पर fragments की संख्या cut sites के बराबर होती है। यह plasmid questions में useful है।
A. many enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sequences
Step 1
Concept
Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sequences as recognition sites. This is a basic concept.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. many enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sequences. Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic DNA sequences as recognition sites. This is a basic concept.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई restriction enzymes palindromic DNA sequences को recognition sites की तरह पहचानते हैं। यह basic concept है।
A. Restriction enzymes bacteria से जुड़े DNA cutting tools हैं/Restriction enzymes are bacteria-linked DNA cutting tools
Step 1
Concept
The source of restriction enzymes is bacteria and the function is DNA cutting. This is the most important easy-level summary.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Restriction enzymes bacteria से जुड़े DNA cutting tools हैं / Restriction enzymes are bacteria-linked DNA cutting tools. The source of restriction enzymes is bacteria and the function is DNA cutting. This is the most important easy-level summary.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes का source bacteria और function DNA cutting है। यही easy level का सबसे important summary है।
