Differing Strands within the Movement

Step 1: With women's participation, the movement reached homes and wider society. Step 2: This made the national movement broader and more people-based. Step 3: In exams, understand social base as the number and variety of participating groups.

Step 1: Peasants, workers, merchants and tribal people lived in different conditions. Step 2: So they understood the national movement according to their own needs. Step 3: In exams, see diverse demands as a sign of social diversity, not simply weakness.

Step 1: Peasants' main struggle was linked with land, rent and landlord pressure. Step 2: So they saw swaraj as hope for relief and justice in their own lives. Step 3: Always connect the meaning of swaraj with the group's problem.

Step 1: Tribal people were affected by colonial forest laws. Step 2: They linked freedom with the hope of control over their forests and life. Step 3: In exams, learn to connect local struggles with the larger national movement.

Step 1: Boycott of foreign goods could increase demand for Indian goods. Step 2: So merchants and industrialists saw economic benefit in it. Step 3: Understand boycott not only as political action but also as an economic measure.

Step 1: Plantation workers lived under strict control away from their homes. Step 2: For them, returning home became a major symbol of freedom. Step 3: In exams, connect plantation workers' idea of swaraj with their restricted condition.

Step 1: Peasants faced direct pressure from authority and landlords. Step 2: Social boycott helped them build collective pressure. Step 3: In exams, connect methods of protest with their purpose.

Step 1: Peasants, workers, merchants, women and tribal people joined the national movement. Step 2: This shows that the movement connected different interests with a larger goal. Step 3: In exams, write this as a feature of a mass movement.

Step 1: Peasants depended on land for livelihood. Step 2: Eviction meant being removed from the base of farming and life. Step 3: In exams, understand eviction as a major cause of peasant insecurity.

Step 1: Tribal people used forests for fuel, fruits, wood and grazing. Step 2: Forest laws placed controls on these activities. Step 3: In exams, connect the impact of forest laws with everyday life.

Step 1: Each social group had a different position in society. Step 2: So their expectations from the movement were also different. Step 3: In exams, see Non-Cooperation not as one uniform experience but as a movement with many experiences.

Step 1: Peasant problems were linked with farming and land. Step 2: So justice for them meant relief from exploitation and security. Step 3: In exams, understand a group's demand through its lived experience.

Step 1: Alluri Sitaram Raju's movement was linked with hilly tribal areas. Step 2: He gave organised form to tribal discontent. Step 3: Remember the leader together with the supporting group.

Step 1: The business class considered its economic interests. Step 2: If the national movement seemed to benefit Indian trade, its support could increase. Step 3: In exams, connect the politics of economic groups with their interests.

Step 1: During the movement, women came out of household limits and joined public activities. Step 2: This made their role in society more visible. Step 3: In exams, understand women's participation as a sign of social change.

Step 1: Peasants were linked with land and rent issues, while merchants were linked with trade. Step 2: Both saw the possibility of fulfilling their needs through the national movement. Step 3: In exams, it is important to identify different interests within a common movement.

Step 1: Plantation workers often worked far away from their homes. Step 2: Strict rules and control made their life restricted. Step 3: In exams, connect their problem with labour and limits on movement.

Step 1: Peasants in Awadh were under pressure from talukdars and landlords. Step 2: Heavy rent, forced labour and eviction increased their discontent. Step 3: In exams, understand peasant struggle as a movement against exploitation.

Step 1: Industrial workers worked in factories. Step 2: So their demands were linked with wages, working hours and safety. Step 3: In exams, view the working class through industrial life.

Step 1: When different classes joined the movement, its base expanded. Step 2: Peasants, workers, women, merchants and tribal people began to participate. Step 3: In exams, understand mass movement as broad public participation.