Differing Strands within the Movement

Step 1: To show diversity we need examples from different social groups. Step 2: Peasants tribals and plantation workers show three different experiences. Step 3: In answers write each example with its group and issue.

Step 1: Peasants in Awadh were under pressure from landlords and talukdars. Step 2: High rent forced labour and eviction made their life insecure. Step 3: In exams connect peasant movements with land and livelihood.

Step 1: Peasants in different villages were troubled by their problems. Step 2: Baba Ramchandra connected these problems with collective action. Step 3: Understand leadership through people’s real needs.

Step 1: Nai-Dhobi bandh involved service communities. Step 2: Stopping their services created pressure on oppressive landlords. Step 3: Remember it as collective action in rural society.

Step 1: The Kisan Sabha gave peasants a common platform. Step 2: It helped village issues connect with the national movement. Step 3: Remember organisations as tools for spreading mass movements.

Step 1: A peasant’s life depended on land. Step 2: Losing land also meant losing livelihood and dignity. Step 3: Write eviction as a major insecurity in peasant life.

Step 1: Peasants in Awadh suffered from rent forced labour and eviction. Step 2: For them swaraj meant hope of relief from these injustices. Step 3: Understand swaraj according to the needs of each group.

Step 1: Tribals in Gudem depended on forests. Step 2: Forest laws and forced labour affected their livelihood and freedom. Step 3: Understand the Gudem movement through connected causes.

Step 1: Tribals used forests for fuel grazing and forest produce. Step 2: Forest laws restricted these traditional uses. Step 3: Treat forest laws as a direct cause affecting tribal life.

Step 1: Raju was influenced by Gandhi’s ideas. Step 2: Yet in Gudem the method was more militant and different from Gandhi’s non-violence. Step 3: Clearly separate inspiration from method.

Step 1: Tribal life was deeply connected with forests. Step 2: For them swaraj became linked with forest rights and freedom of use. Step 3: Link swaraj with each group’s own situation.

Step 1: Forced labour means making people work against their will. Step 2: Tribals saw it as pressure on dignity and freedom. Step 3: In the Gudem movement remember labour exploitation along with forest rights.

Step 1: Plantation workers lived far away under difficult rules. Step 2: So they saw swaraj as hope of returning home and becoming free. Step 3: Connect workers’ idea of swaraj with their life condition.

Step 1: This law controlled the movement of workers. Step 2: Workers could not leave plantations and go home without permission. Step 3: Remember it through the lack of labour freedom.

Step 1: Plantation workers understood swaraj as freedom from restrictions. Step 2: This shows national ideas changed according to local experiences. Step 3: Understand diversity in the movement through examples.

Step 1: Peasants tribals and workers lived in different conditions. Step 2: They saw their own hopes in the national movement. Step 3: Link participation with local problems and national hope.

Step 1: Swaraj was not only a political word. Step 2: Different groups linked it with their suffering and hopes. Step 3: While explaining swaraj give examples of peasants tribals and workers.

Step 1: A large part of India lived in villages. Step 2: With peasant issues joining in the national movement reached villages. Step 3: Write the rural base as the strength of a mass movement.

Step 1: Forced labour meant work without wages. Step 2: Peasants saw it as exploitation of their labour. Step 3: Understand forced labour as both economic and social injustice.

Step 1: Talukdars were powerful groups in villages. Step 2: Peasants opposed their economic and social pressure. Step 3: Understand it through power relations in rural society.