Indian Freedom Movement

Madan Lal Dhingra was associated with the revolutionary stream. Exam tip: also remember revolutionaries active abroad.

The title ‘Lokmanya’ is associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He was known by this title because of his wide public respect and influence; it means ‘accepted or honoured by the people’. Subhas Chandra Bose is associated with the title ‘Netaji’, so that option is a close but incorrect distractor. Exam tip: learn freedom movement leaders along with their well-known titles.

The Partition of Bengal was implemented in 1905 during the viceroyalty of Lord Curzon. Though presented as an administrative measure, Indians viewed it as a divisive policy, and it led to the Swadeshi Movement. Lord Mountbatten was the Viceroy at the time of the Partition of India in 1947, not the Bengal partition. Exam tip: remember the set: 1905—Partition of Bengal—Lord Curzon.

The Partition of Bengal, introduced by Lord Curzon in 1905, was annulled in 1911 after widespread opposition and the Swadeshi movement. 1919 is incorrect because it is associated with the Government of India Act, 1919. Exam tip: remember 1905 for the partition and 1911 for its annulment.

In 1911 the capital was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. Exam tip: remember capital shift with annulment of Bengal partition.

Mahratta was associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Exam tip: remember both Kesari and Mahratta.

Tilak made public Ganapati festival a medium of national awakening. Exam tip: remember the role of cultural symbols.

Madan Mohan Malaviya was associated with founding Banaras Hindu University. Exam tip: remember links between education and nationalism.

Maulana Azad was associated with the newspaper Al Hilal. Exam tip: remember publications of national leaders.

Tilak was among the major leaders of the Home Rule Movement. Exam tip: connect Home Rule with self-government.

Ahmedabad Satyagraha was linked with workers' wage issue. Exam tip: remember the groups involved in Gandhi's early movements.

In Champaran peasants were forced to grow indigo. Exam tip: remember Champaran with indigo.

Chauri Chaura is associated with the Gorakhpur region of present-day Uttar Pradesh. Exam tip: remember event and state together.

The Civil Disobedience Movement is considered to have begun with the Dandi March. Exam tip: remember 1930 and Salt Satyagraha.

The Dandi March ended at Dandi sea coast. Exam tip: remember the route from Sabarmati to Dandi.

Chittaranjan Das was affectionately known as ‘Deshbandhu’, meaning ‘Friend of the Nation’. He was an important leader of the Indian national movement and a co-founder of the Swaraj Party. Motilal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru were also prominent leaders, but neither was called Deshbandhu. Exam tip: associate the title ‘Deshbandhu’ with Chittaranjan Das and the Swaraj Party.

The Swaraj Party wanted to oppose colonial rule from inside councils. Exam tip: remember the council-entry policy.

Saunders' killing was linked with revenge for the lathi charge that led to Lala Lajpat Rai's death. Exam tip: remember the cause of the event.

The Lahore Conspiracy Case was linked with Bhagat Singh and his comrades. Exam tip: remember revolutionary cases.

The Chittagong Armoury Raid took place on 18 April 1930. Under the leadership of Surya Sen, Indian revolutionaries attempted to seize the armouries at Chittagong. The year 1942 is associated with the Quit India Movement, so it is not correct here. Exam tip: remember this event with Surya Sen and 1930.