Indian Freedom Movement

Surya Sen was a revolutionary leader of the Indian freedom movement and was respectfully known as ‘Masterda’. He was one of the leading figures of the 1930 Chittagong Armoury Raid. ‘Netaji’ refers to Subhas Chandra Bose, so it is not the correct option. Exam tip: learn revolutionaries along with their major actions and popular titles.

Forward Bloc was founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939. Exam tip: remember organisation and year.

The Tripuri crisis of 1939 was linked with Subhas Chandra Bose's Congress presidency. Exam tip: remember Haripura and Tripuri separately.

Subhas Chandra Bose gave new leadership to the Indian National Army. Exam tip: remember Netaji with INA.

The aim of the Indian National Army was India's freedom. Exam tip: connect INA with armed freedom effort.

Sehgal, Dhillon and Shah Nawaz were linked with INA trials. Exam tip: remember names from the Red Fort trials.

The Constituent Assembly was formed on the basis of the Cabinet Mission Plan. Exam tip: remember 1946 with the Constituent Assembly.

Sir Cyril Radcliffe headed the boundary commission. Exam tip: connect Radcliffe Line with India Pakistan boundary.

The Revolt of 1857 began at Meerut and then reached Delhi. Exam tip is to remember Meerut and Delhi together.

Nana Sahib was a major leader at Kanpur in 1857. Exam tip is to remember centre and leader pairs.

Rani Lakshmibai was the heroine of Jhansi. Exam tip is to remember her as a major woman leader of 1857.

A. O. Hume was a retired British civil servant who played an important organizing role in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He worked with Indian leaders and helped arrange the early structure and meetings of the organization. For this reason, option A, “founder associate,” is the best answer. He was not a Viceroy, a revolutionary leader, or the first Prime Minister of India. The wording does not claim that Hume alone founded Congress; it correctly presents him as an important associate in its founding.

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in 1885, with W. C. Bonnerjee as its first president. A. O. Hume acted as a significant initiator and organizer, while Indian leaders also contributed to the institution’s creation and growth. Thus, the useful examination association is “1885—Indian National Congress—A. O. Hume.” This makes option A clearly different from the positions and identities described in the other choices.

Dadabhai Naoroji is called the Grand Old Man of India. Exam tip is to also link him with the Drain of Wealth theory.

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in 1885. It brought together early national leaders to create a common political platform and discuss public concerns under colonial rule. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, also written as W. C. Bonnerjee, presided over this inaugural session.

Option C is therefore correct. Mahatma Gandhi became a major Congress leader much later, Dadabhai Naoroji presided over later sessions, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak was also not the president of the first session. Remembering the pair “Bombay, 1885, W. C. Bonnerjee” helps distinguish the first session from later Congress meetings and leaders.

Tilak used festivals as a medium of nationalist awakening. Exam tip is to link Tilak with cultural nationalism.

The Partition of Bengal was implemented by Lord Curzon in 1905. Exam tip is to link it with the beginning of Swadeshi Movement.

Foreign goods were boycotted during the Swadeshi Movement. Exam tip is to remember Swadeshi and boycott together.

The Lucknow Pact was linked with cooperation between Congress and Muslim League. Exam tip is to link it with unity in 1916.

Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915. One of his early major movements in India was the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917. He did not return in 1911, while 1920 is associated with the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Exam tip: Remember 1915 for Gandhi’s return and 1917 for Champaran.

In Champaran Gandhi raised the problem of indigo peasants. Exam tip is to remember Champaran and indigo cultivation together.