Indian Freedom Movement

Repression on nonviolent Satyagrahis affected world opinion. Exam tip is to link Dharasana with the expansion of Salt Movement.

The Poona Pact was based on reserved seats instead of separate electorates. Exam tip is to remember roles of Gandhi and Ambedkar.

After the 1937 elections Congress formed ministries in many provinces. Exam tip is to link it with provincial autonomy.

Gandhi wanted to oppose India's participation in war without consent. Exam tip is to remember Vinoba Bhave as first Satyagrahi.

Cripps proposals did not satisfy Indian demands. Exam tip is to remember Cripps and Quit India in sequence in 1942.

Even after leaders were arrested the movement continued locally. Exam tip is to study 1942 as mass resistance.

Examples like Ballia Tamluk and Satara show local resistance. Exam tip is to remember parallel governments of 1942.

Congress Radio helped spread underground messages. Exam tip is to link it with secret activities of 1942.

The Ghadar Movement was anti-colonial activity of overseas Indians. Exam tip is to link it with global Indian nationalism.

This incident exposed colonial racism. Exam tip is to connect it with the background of the Ghadar Movement.

Bose wanted a more active line of struggle within Congress. Exam tip is to remember 1939 and Tripuri crisis.

Netaji adopted a military path while Gandhi based struggle on nonviolence. Exam tip is to distinguish both strategies.

The Provisional Government of Azad Hind was formed in Singapore in 1943 under Subhas Chandra Bose and received recognition from some countries. The Congress was a nationalist political organisation, not a wartime government-in-exile. Exam tip: link ‘government abroad’ with Azad Hind.

The Red Fort trial jointly prosecuted INA officers Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, who were Muslim, Hindu and Sikh respectively. Therefore, it symbolised national unity in the freedom struggle above religious differences. Rather than increasing British popularity, the trials strengthened popular opposition to British rule. Exam tip: link the Red Fort trials with the INA and Hindu-Muslim-Sikh unity.

The Naval Mutiny showed weakness of British control in the final phase. Exam tip is to place it among pressures before independence.

A weak centre and provincial groups were attempts to avoid partition. Exam tip is to see Cabinet Mission as the last major united India plan.

The violence of 1946 made compromise difficult. Exam tip is to link it with the background of Partition.

The Interim Government was a tense process of transfer of power. Exam tip is to link 1946 with both negotiation and conflict.

The Instrument of Accession made the merger of princely states possible. Exam tip is to remember Patel and V P Menon.

26 November is the adoption date and 26 January is the enforcement date. Exam tip is to keep both dates separate.