Climatic Controls

Ocean currents can change the climate of coastal areas. In exams keep currents as a coastal climate factor.

Pressure and wind system affects distribution of climate. In exams study pressure belts and winds together.

Distance from sea explains coastal and continental influence. In exams remember this control with examples.

Climatic controls explain regional variation. In exams give cause based geography answers.

Altitude can reduce temperature even if latitude is relatively warm. In exams remember altitude can modify latitude effect.

Distance from sea affects temperature range and moisture. In exams observe distance from sea along with altitude.

Climatic controls explain causes and elements are measured as outcomes. In exams remember controls as causes.

A good answer should include the list of controls and short examples. In exams answer point-wise.

Geographical factors vary even within one country so climate can differ. In exams connect regional variation with multiple controls.

Climate is often formed by the combined effect of many controls. In exams write more than one reason while explaining a region's climate.

Climatic controls influence conditions such as temperature, rainfall and wind. Remember the difference between controls and elements for exams.

The intensity of sun rays changes with latitude. Therefore regional temperature differences occur.

Near the Equator, the Sun's rays fall more directly, almost vertically. The same amount of solar energy is therefore concentrated over a smaller area, producing higher temperatures. Oblique rays spread over a larger area and provide less heating. Exam tip: direct rays mean more energy per unit area and higher temperature.

Air generally becomes cooler with increasing altitude. Therefore mountain places can have cooler climate.

Shimla is located at a high altitude, so temperature remains low there. Study altitude with temperature.

The sea heats and cools slowly. Therefore coastal areas have smaller temperature fluctuations.

Delhi has less maritime moderation while Mumbai is coastal. Therefore continental influence is stronger in Delhi.

Being near the sea reduces high temperature extremes. Link coastal influence with equable climate.

In areas far from the sea, annual temperature range can be high. This is a key feature of continental influence.

Relief includes altitude and mountain barriers. These can affect both temperature and rainfall.