Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha powers)

Correct answer: A. In India’s parliamentary system, the Council of Ministers must retain the confidence of Lok Sabha because its members are directly elected by the people. A government that loses the confidence of Lok Sabha may have to resign or seek a new mandate. Lok Sabha also has special financial authority: a Money Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha has a limited recommending role in such a bill. Option A correctly joins executive accountability and financial dominance. B is wrong because Rajya Sabha is fully recognised as a constitutional House of Parliament. C is wrong because Lok Sabha belongs to the legislature, not the judiciary. D is wrong because Rajya Sabha debates and examines legislation. Memory cue: Lok Sabha’s greater power comes from confidence plus finance, not from the absence of Rajya Sabha.

Correct answer: A. Rajya Sabha is necessary because democracy needs more than a simple count of the current national majority. It represents the states at the Union level, so regional interests can be heard while national laws are considered. It is a continuing House, which provides institutional continuity even when Lok Sabha is dissolved. It also reviews and debates ordinary legislation, helping identify weaknesses and prevent hasty decisions. Option A is correct. B is wrong because Rajya Sabha does not abolish Lok Sabha; the two Houses work together. C is wrong because a Money Bill is introduced in Lok Sabha, not Rajya Sabha. D is wrong because Rajya Sabha does not remove the government every day; the Council of Ministers is chiefly responsible to Lok Sabha. Memory cue: Rajya Sabha may have limited powers in some areas, but it adds states, stability, and scrutiny.

A parliamentary system gives different responsibilities to the two Houses so that representation, review, and accountability can work together. The Lok Sabha reflects the directly elected popular mandate and has a decisive role in forming and sustaining the government. The Rajya Sabha represents the States, reviews legislation, and can contribute a continuing perspective because it is not dissolved as a whole.

This division is called a functional balance, so option A is correct. It does not mean that the Houses are equal in every power or that one House is always superior. The arrangement also does not describe military rule, one-party rule, or judicial rule. “Functional” points to the different jobs performed by the Houses, while “balance” shows that both are necessary for parliamentary law-making and scrutiny.

Parliamentary committees are small groups of members formed to study particular bills, budgets, policies, or departmental work in greater detail. The full House must handle many matters in limited time, whereas a committee can examine documents, question officials, compare evidence, and consider technical details more carefully. Its smaller setting can support focused discussion and detailed scrutiny.

Therefore, option A is correct: committees can conduct detailed and technical examination. They do not contest elections as committees, run courts, or directly collect taxes. Their reports and recommendations may guide Parliament and improve accountability, although the government may need to respond to them according to parliamentary procedures. Committee work strengthens law-making because it allows issues to be examined beyond a brief floor debate.