\(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\). If MP is given in the question, identify market price in the answer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार मूल्य / Market price. \(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\). If MP is given in the question, identify market price in the answer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}-Depreciation=NNP_{MP}\) होता है। प्रश्न में MP दिया हो तो उत्तर में market price पहचानें।
A. सामान्य निवासियों का सिद्धांत/Principle of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept, so it is linked with normal residents. Domestic concept focuses only on economic territory.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों का सिद्धांत / Principle of normal residents. NNP is a national concept, so it is linked with normal residents. Domestic concept focuses only on economic territory.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national concept है इसलिए यह सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा होता है। Domestic concept में केवल आर्थिक क्षेत्र पर ध्यान होता है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली शुद्ध आय दिखाता है/Because it shows net income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net income of factors of production. That is why it is called National Income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन साधनों को मिली शुद्ध आय दिखाता है / Because it shows net income received by factors of production. \(NNP_{FC}\) is the sum of net income of factors of production. That is why it is called National Income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) उत्पादन साधनों की शुद्ध आय का योग है। इसी कारण इसे National Income कहा जाता है।
NIT is deducted to move from market price to factor cost. This conversion formula is very important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\). NIT is deducted to move from market price to factor cost. This conversion formula is very important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price से factor cost पर जाने के लिए NIT घटाया जाता है। यह conversion formula बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Always remember the final value principle in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचना / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Always remember the final value principle in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। राष्ट्रीय आय में final value principle हमेशा याद रखें।
The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. In such direct relation questions, calculation remains simple.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 95 करोड़ / 95 crore. The difference between GNP and NNP equals depreciation. In such direct relation questions, calculation remains simple.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation के बराबर होता है। ऐसे प्रत्यक्ष relation वाले प्रश्नों में calculation सरल रहती है।
A. NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं/Add NFIA and deduct depreciation
Step 1
Concept
From GDP to NNP, both domestic to national and gross to net changes occur. Therefore add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं / Add NFIA and deduct depreciation. From GDP to NNP, both domestic to national and gross to net changes occur. Therefore add NFIA and deduct depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP तक domestic से national और gross से net दोनों परिवर्तन होते हैं। इसलिए NFIA जोड़ें और depreciation घटाएं।
NNP measured at current prices is called nominal NNP. Check constant prices to remove the effect of price change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाममात्र NNP / Nominal NNP. NNP measured at current prices is called nominal NNP. Check constant prices to remove the effect of price change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current prices पर मापा गया NNP nominal NNP कहलाता है। Price change के प्रभाव को हटाने के लिए constant prices देखें।
Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This shows the real rise or fall in NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन परिवर्तन / Real output change. Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This shows the real rise or fall in NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices inflation के प्रभाव को हटाते हैं। इससे NNP में वास्तविक वृद्धि या कमी का पता चलता है।
A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल/Rewards received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is linked with the income viewpoint.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिले प्रतिफल / Rewards received by factors of production. Factor cost is based on income received by factors of production. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) is linked with the income viewpoint.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost उत्पादन साधनों को मिली आय पर आधारित होती है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) को income viewpoint से जोड़ा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि market price खरीदार द्वारा चुकाए गए मूल्य को दिखाता है/Because market price shows the price paid by buyer
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. NIT is removed to convert it into FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि market price खरीदार द्वारा चुकाए गए मूल्य को दिखाता है / Because market price shows the price paid by buyer. Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. NIT is removed to convert it into FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का प्रभाव शामिल रहता है। FC में बदलने के लिए NIT हटाया जाता है।
When negative NIT is deducted from \(NNP_{MP}\), value is effectively added. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) can be higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}\), \(NNP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है. When negative NIT is deducted from \(NNP_{MP}\), value is effectively added. Therefore, \(NNP_{FC}\) can be higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative NIT को \(NNP_{MP}\) से घटाने पर वास्तव में मूल्य जुड़ता है। इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}\) अधिक हो सकता है।
A. क्योंकि यह domestic aggregate को national aggregate में बदलती है/Because it converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
NFIA acts as a bridge between domestic and national aggregates. NNP is a national concept, so NFIA is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह domestic aggregate को national aggregate में बदलती है / Because it converts a domestic aggregate into a national aggregate. NFIA acts as a bridge between domestic and national aggregates. NNP is a national concept, so NFIA is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA domestic और national aggregates के बीच पुल का काम करती है। NNP national concept है इसलिए NFIA महत्वपूर्ण है।
When factor income received from abroad is higher, NFIA is positive. Positive NFIA increases the national aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धनात्मक / Positive. When factor income received from abroad is higher, NFIA is positive. Positive NFIA increases the national aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त साधन आय अधिक होने पर NFIA positive होता है। Positive NFIA national aggregate को बढ़ाता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
The income method includes income received by factors of production. Compensation of employees is part of factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. The income method includes income received by factors of production. Compensation of employees is part of factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में उत्पादन साधनों को मिली आय शामिल होती है। कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक factor income का भाग है।
A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले नहीं मिलतीं/Because they are not received against current production
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not income against productive services. NNP includes only income and value linked with current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले नहीं मिलतीं / Because they are not received against current production. Transfer payments are not income against productive services. NNP includes only income and value linked with current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments उत्पादन सेवा के बदले आय नहीं होतीं। NNP में केवल वर्तमान उत्पादन से जुड़ी आय और मूल्य शामिल होते हैं।
A. क्योंकि उनका मूल्य पहले ही उत्पादन वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है/Because their value was already counted in the year of production
Step 1
Concept
Second-hand goods are not current production. Adding them may cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका मूल्य पहले ही उत्पादन वर्ष में गिना जा चुका होता है / Because their value was already counted in the year of production. Second-hand goods are not current production. Adding them may cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Second-hand goods वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं हैं। इसलिए उन्हें जोड़ने से double counting हो सकती है।
National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\), and (1600-250=1350) crore. Deduct depreciation to derive NI from GNP at FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1350 करोड़ / 1350 crore. National Income is \(NNP_{FC}\), and (1600-250=1350) crore. Deduct depreciation to derive NI from GNP at FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National Income \(NNP_{FC}\) है और (1600-250=1350) करोड़ होगा। GNP at FC से NI निकालने में depreciation घटाएं।
\(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) crore. Negative NFIA and depreciation both have a reducing effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1150 करोड़ / 1150 crore. \(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) crore. Negative NFIA and depreciation both have a reducing effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{FC}=1400-100=1300\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1300-150=1150\) करोड़। Negative NFIA और depreciation दोनों घटाने जैसे प्रभाव देते हैं।
A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित मूल्य है/Because it is the estimated value of housing service
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, its estimated rent can be treated as value of productive service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह आवास सेवा का अनुमानित मूल्य है / Because it is the estimated value of housing service. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Therefore, its estimated rent can be treated as value of productive service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service देता है। इसलिए उसके अनुमानित किराए को उत्पादन सेवा के मूल्य के रूप में माना जा सकता है।
Real NNP reduces the effect of price changes. In comparison, attention should be given to constant prices and purchasing power aspects.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Real NNP. Real NNP reduces the effect of price changes. In comparison, attention should be given to constant prices and purchasing power aspects.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real NNP कीमतों के परिवर्तन का प्रभाव कम करता है। तुलना में constant prices और purchasing power जैसे पहलुओं पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
A. यह आय वितरण की असमानता पूरी तरह नहीं बताता/It does not fully show inequality in income distribution
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net income but not equality of distribution. In welfare questions, also mention qualitative factors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह आय वितरण की असमानता पूरी तरह नहीं बताता / It does not fully show inequality in income distribution. NNP shows total net income but not equality of distribution. In welfare questions, also mention qualitative factors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP कुल शुद्ध आय दिखाता है लेकिन वितरण की समानता नहीं बताता। Welfare questions में qualitative factors भी लिखें।
Capital consumption allowance represents depreciation. It is deducted from the gross aggregate while calculating NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation. Capital consumption allowance represents depreciation. It is deducted from the gross aggregate while calculating NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation को ही दर्शाता है। NNP निकालते समय इसे gross aggregate से घटाया जाता है।
A. घरेलू गैर-बाजार सेवाएं अक्सर छूट सकती हैं/Household non-market services may often be left out
Step 1
Concept
NNP easily measures market-valued output. Many non-market services may not be fully included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू गैर-बाजार सेवाएं अक्सर छूट सकती हैं / Household non-market services may often be left out. NNP easily measures market-valued output. Many non-market services may not be fully included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP बाजार में मूल्यांकित उत्पादन को आसानी से मापता है। कई non-market services पूरी तरह शामिल नहीं हो पातीं।
A. Depreciation और NIT घटाना/Deduct depreciation and NIT
Step 1
Concept
Deduct depreciation for net and NIT for FC from \(GNP_{MP}\). NFIA is not needed here because GNP is already national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation और NIT घटाना / Deduct depreciation and NIT. Deduct depreciation for net and NIT for FC from \(GNP_{MP}\). NFIA is not needed here because GNP is already national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}\) से net के लिए depreciation घटाएं और FC के लिए NIT घटाएं। यहां NFIA की जरूरत नहीं क्योंकि GNP पहले से national है।
\(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) crore. Stepwise conversion reduces mistakes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1440 करोड़ / 1440 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), then \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) crore. Stepwise conversion reduces mistakes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1800-220=1580\), फिर \(NNP_{FC}=1580-140=1440\) करोड़। Stepwise conversion से गलती कम होती है।
Add NFIA for National, deduct depreciation for Net, and deduct NIT for FC. This is the complete conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Add NFIA for National, deduct depreciation for Net, and deduct NIT for FC. This is the complete conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से National के लिए NFIA जोड़ें, Net के लिए depreciation घटाएं और FC के लिए NIT घटाएं। यही पूरा conversion है।
A. क्योंकि पर्यावरण क्षति और असमानता जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं/Because aspects like environmental damage and inequality may be missed
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows economic output but not all aspects of quality of life. For welfare, consider distribution and environment along with income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि पर्यावरण क्षति और असमानता जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं / Because aspects like environmental damage and inequality may be missed. NNP shows economic output but not all aspects of quality of life. For welfare, consider distribution and environment along with income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP आर्थिक उत्पादन दिखाता है लेकिन जीवन गुणवत्ता के सभी पहलू नहीं। Welfare के लिए income के साथ distribution और environment भी देखें।
A. उन्हें investment का भाग माना जा सकता है/They can be treated as part of investment
Step 1
Concept
Unsold final goods are also part of current production. Therefore, they can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उन्हें investment का भाग माना जा सकता है / They can be treated as part of investment. Unsold final goods are also part of current production. Therefore, they can be counted as inventory investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold final goods भी current production का भाग होते हैं। इसलिए वे inventory investment के रूप में गिने जा सकते हैं।
The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना / Double counting. The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately will cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का मूल्य final goods में पहले ही शामिल हो जाता है। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होगी।
A. Depreciation घटा हुआ है/Depreciation has been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Both NNP and NDP are net aggregates. In both, depreciation has been deducted from gross.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation घटा हुआ है / Depreciation has been deducted. Both NNP and NDP are net aggregates. In both, depreciation has been deducted from gross.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP दोनों net aggregates हैं। दोनों में gross से depreciation घटाया गया होता है।
Per capita \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) rupees. In per capita calculation, divide total amount by population.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 50 रुपये / 50 rupees. Per capita \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) rupees. In per capita calculation, divide total amount by population.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति \(NNP_{FC}=1000/20=50\) रुपये होगा। Per capita में कुल राशि को population से भाग देते हैं।
A. NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs गलत लगाना/Applying wrong signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT
Step 1
Concept
Signs are very important in NNP questions. Focus on NFIA for domestic to national, depreciation for gross to net, and NIT for MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA, depreciation और NIT के signs गलत लगाना / Applying wrong signs for NFIA, depreciation and NIT. Signs are very important in NNP questions. Focus on NFIA for domestic to national, depreciation for gross to net, and NIT for MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP questions में signs बहुत महत्वपूर्ण होते हैं। Domestic से national में NFIA, gross से net में depreciation और MP से FC में NIT पर ध्यान दें।
When NIT is zero, \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) are equal. In MP to FC conversion, check only the NIT difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1150 करोड़ / 1150 crore. When NIT is zero, \(NNP_{MP}\) and \(NNP_{FC}\) are equal. In MP to FC conversion, check only the NIT difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब NIT शून्य होता है तो \(NNP_{MP}\) और \(NNP_{FC}\) बराबर होते हैं। MP से FC conversion में केवल NIT का अंतर देखें।
