B. शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होगा/NDP will be higher
Step 1
Concept
In (NNP = NDP + NFIA) a negative amount reduces NNP. Therefore NDP becomes higher than NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होगा / NDP will be higher. In (NNP = NDP + NFIA) a negative amount reduces NNP. Therefore NDP becomes higher than NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (NNP = NDP + NFIA) में ऋणात्मक राशि जुड़ने से शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद कम हो जाता है। इसलिए शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होता है।
When depreciation is zero (NDP = GDP). The difference between gross and net is depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. दोनों बराबर होंगे / Both will be equal. When depreciation is zero (NDP = GDP). The difference between gross and net is depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास शून्य होने पर (NDP = GDP) होगा। सकल और शुद्ध में अंतर केवल मूल्यह्रास का होता है।
With constant GDP a larger depreciation deduction lowers NDP. Pay attention to the signs in the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. वह घटेगा / It will fall. With constant GDP a larger depreciation deduction lowers NDP. Pay attention to the signs in the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में अधिक मूल्यह्रास घटाने से शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद कम होगा। सूत्र के संकेतों पर ध्यान दें।
A. पूंजी क्षय के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन/Net output available after capital consumption
Step 1
Concept
NDP shows actual net output after deducting depreciation. It can therefore be a better indicator of sustainable income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी क्षय के बाद उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन / Net output available after capital consumption. NDP shows actual net output after deducting depreciation. It can therefore be a better indicator of sustainable income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन बताता है। इसलिए यह टिकाऊ आय का बेहतर संकेत हो सकता है।
B. कारखाने की मशीन का घिसना/Wearing out of a factory machine
Step 1
Concept
Wear and tear of a factory machine due to use is depreciation. A price change is not treated as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कारखाने की मशीन का घिसना / Wearing out of a factory machine. Wear and tear of a factory machine due to use is depreciation. A price change is not treated as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारखाने की मशीन का उपयोग से घिसना मूल्यह्रास है। मूल्य परिवर्तन को मूल्यह्रास नहीं माना जाता।
C. उनका अनुमानित मूल्य शामिल किया जाता है/Their imputed value is included
Step 1
Concept
The imputed market value of final goods produced for self-consumption is included. Absence of sale does not mean absence of production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. उनका अनुमानित मूल्य शामिल किया जाता है / Their imputed value is included. The imputed market value of final goods produced for self-consumption is included. Absence of sale does not mean absence of production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वउपभोग के लिए उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं का अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य उत्पादन में शामिल किया जाता है। बिक्री न होना उत्पादन को समाप्त नहीं करता।
D. क्योंकि उनका विश्वसनीय बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है/Because reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services are generally excluded because reliable market valuation is difficult. Distinguish them from paid domestic services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. क्योंकि उनका विश्वसनीय बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है / Because reliable market valuation is difficult. Unpaid household services are generally excluded because reliable market valuation is difficult. Distinguish them from paid domestic services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैतनिक घरेलू सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्य निर्धारित करना कठिन होता है इसलिए वे सामान्यतः शामिल नहीं होतीं। परीक्षा में भुगतान वाली घरेलू सेवाओं से अंतर करें।
A. उत्पादन लागत के आधार पर/On the basis of cost of production
Step 1
Concept
Government services are valued at their cost of production because no market price is available. Employee compensation is a major component.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन लागत के आधार पर / On the basis of cost of production. Government services are valued at their cost of production because no market price is available. Employee compensation is a major component.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्य उपलब्ध न होने पर उनका मूल्य उत्पादन लागत से मापा जाता है। इसमें मुख्यतः कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक शामिल होता है।
B. उनके बदले वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं होता/No current production is received in return
Step 1
Concept
No current good or service is produced in return for a transfer payment. Therefore it is not part of production income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. उनके बदले वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं होता / No current production is received in return. No current good or service is produced in return for a transfer payment. Therefore it is not part of production income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हस्तांतरण भुगतान के बदले कोई वर्तमान वस्तु या सेवा उत्पन्न नहीं होती। इसलिए वे उत्पादन आय का हिस्सा नहीं हैं।
Old-age pension is a transfer payment because no current productive service is received in return. Salary is payment for a productive service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वृद्धावस्था पेंशन / Old-age pension. Old-age pension is a transfer payment because no current productive service is received in return. Salary is payment for a productive service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वृद्धावस्था पेंशन के बदले वर्तमान उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती इसलिए यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है। वेतन उत्पादन सेवा का भुगतान है।
