A. एक वर्ष में घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का सकल मूल्य/Gross value of final goods and services produced within domestic territory in one year
Step 1
Concept
GDP is the gross value of final output within domestic territory. In exams, connect the word Domestic with economic territory.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक वर्ष में घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का सकल मूल्य / Gross value of final goods and services produced within domestic territory in one year. GDP is the gross value of final output within domestic territory. In exams, connect the word Domestic with economic territory.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP घरेलू क्षेत्र के अंतिम उत्पादन का सकल मूल्य है। परीक्षा में Domestic शब्द को economic territory से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह देश के आर्थिक क्षेत्र में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है/Because it measures production within the country's economic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on the location of production. In national aggregate, residence principle is more important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह देश के आर्थिक क्षेत्र में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है / Because it measures production within the country's economic territory. GDP is based on the location of production. In national aggregate, residence principle is more important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP का आधार उत्पादन का स्थान है। National aggregate में residence principle अधिक महत्वपूर्ण होता है।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking final goods avoids counting intermediate goods twice. Remember the final value principle in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids counting intermediate goods twice. Remember the final value principle in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods का मूल्य दो बार नहीं गिना जाता। GDP में final value principle याद रखें।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
GNP is obtained by adding (NFIA) to GDP. GDP is domestic while GNP is national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. GNP is obtained by adding (NFIA) to GDP. GDP is domestic while GNP is national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP में GDP के साथ (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। GDP domestic है जबकि GNP national है।
A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास अभी घटाया नहीं गया होता/Because depreciation has not yet been deducted
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a gross measure, so depreciation remains included. Depreciation is deducted for Net Domestic Product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास अभी घटाया नहीं गया होता / Because depreciation has not yet been deducted. GDP is a gross measure, so depreciation remains included. Depreciation is deducted for Net Domestic Product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP gross measure है इसलिए depreciation included रहता है। Net domestic product के लिए depreciation घटाया जाता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है/Depreciation is deducted
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\). Deduct depreciation to convert Gross into Net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है / Depreciation is deducted. \(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\). Deduct depreciation to convert Gross into Net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\) होता है। Gross से Net में conversion के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\). Add net indirect taxes to move from factor cost to market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) जोड़ा जाता है / (NIT) is added. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\). Add net indirect taxes to move from factor cost to market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\) होता है। Factor cost से market price पर जाने में net indirect taxes जोड़ें।
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Net indirect taxes are removed to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) घटाएं / Deduct (NIT). \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Net indirect taxes are removed to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। Market price से factor cost में net indirect taxes हटाए जाते हैं।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष करों का प्रभाव/Effect of net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the net effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. This is called (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष करों का प्रभाव / Effect of net indirect taxes. Market price includes the net effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. This is called (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का net effect शामिल रहता है। इसे (NIT) कहा जाता है।
A. \(GDP_{FC}\), \(GDP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है/\(GDP_{FC}\) can be greater than \(GDP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Deducting negative (NIT) can increase \(GDP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{FC}\), \(GDP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है / \(GDP_{FC}\) can be greater than \(GDP_{MP}\). \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Deducting negative (NIT) can increase \(GDP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) है। Negative (NIT) घटाने पर \(GDP_{FC}\) बढ़ सकता है।
A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाकर वास्तविक उत्पादन जानना/To know real output after removing price change effect
Step 1
Concept
Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This gives a better estimate of real GDP growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाकर वास्तविक उत्पादन जानना / To know real output after removing price change effect. Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This gives a better estimate of real GDP growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices inflation के प्रभाव को हटाते हैं। इससे real GDP growth का बेहतर अनुमान मिलता है।
Nominal GDP can rise due to price rise. If real GDP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में वृद्धि हुई है / Prices have increased. Nominal GDP can rise due to price rise. If real GDP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP price rise से बढ़ सकता है। Real GDP स्थिर हो तो वास्तविक output नहीं बढ़ा।
A. नाममात्र GDP और वास्तविक GDP के अनुपात से/Ratio of nominal GDP and real GDP
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator is a broad indicator of price level. It is derived by comparing nominal GDP with real GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाममात्र GDP और वास्तविक GDP के अनुपात से / Ratio of nominal GDP and real GDP. GDP deflator is a broad indicator of price level. It is derived by comparing nominal GDP with real GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator price level का व्यापक सूचक है। यह nominal GDP को real GDP से तुलना करके निकाला जाता है।
The expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember the formula as (C+I+G+(X-M)).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (C+I+G+(X-M)). The expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember the formula as (C+I+G+(X-M)).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports शामिल होते हैं। Formula को (C+I+G+(X-M)) के रूप में याद रखें।
A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है/It prevents double counting of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
The value added approach counts newly added value at each production stage. This avoids recounting intermediate goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है / It prevents double counting of intermediate goods. The value added approach counts newly added value at each production stage. This avoids recounting intermediate goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added approach हर उत्पादन चरण में नई value को गिनता है। इससे intermediate goods दोबारा नहीं गिने जाते।
Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) crore. Deducting intermediate consumption is necessary in the product method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1600 करोड़ / 1600 crore. Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) crore. Deducting intermediate consumption is necessary in the product method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) करोड़। Product method में intermediate consumption घटाना जरूरी है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
The income method includes factor incomes. Compensation of employees is a key component of the GDP income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. The income method includes factor incomes. Compensation of employees is a key component of the GDP income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes शामिल होती हैं। Compensation of employees GDP income method का प्रमुख घटक है।
A. क्योंकि वह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
The old house was already counted when it was produced. GDP focuses on current year production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. The old house was already counted when it was produced. GDP focuses on current year production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने मकान का निर्माण पहले ही गिना जा चुका होता है। GDP current year production पर केंद्रित रहता है।
A. क्योंकि commission वर्तमान सेवा का मूल्य है/Because commission is the value of a current service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old good is not current output, but broker service is current production. Therefore, commission can be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि commission वर्तमान सेवा का मूल्य है / Because commission is the value of a current service. The value of the old good is not current output, but broker service is current production. Therefore, commission can be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु का मूल्य current output नहीं है लेकिन broker service current production है। इसलिए commission शामिल हो सकता है।
GDP is based on location of production. Therefore, output of a foreign company within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होगा / It will be included in GDP. GDP is based on location of production. Therefore, output of a foreign company within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP production location पर आधारित है। इसलिए domestic territory में विदेशी कंपनी का उत्पादन GDP में शामिल होता है।
A. क्योंकि वह domestic territory के बाहर अर्जित है/Because it is earned outside domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production within domestic territory. Factor income earned abroad is linked with GNP or national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह domestic territory के बाहर अर्जित है / Because it is earned outside domestic territory. GDP measures production within domestic territory. Factor income earned abroad is linked with GNP or national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है। विदेश में अर्जित factor income GNP या national aggregates से जुड़ती है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है जिसका अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य हो सकता है/Because it is current output with an estimated market value
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is current production even if not sold in the market. Its estimated value can be taken in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है जिसका अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य हो सकता है / Because it is current output with an estimated market value. Self-consumed farm output is current production even if not sold in the market. Its estimated value can be taken in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output बाजार में न बिके फिर भी current production है। उसका estimated value GDP में लिया जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता/Because their market value is generally not recorded
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services have no market transaction. GDP is not a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता / Because their market value is generally not recorded. Unpaid household services have no market transaction. GDP is not a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services का market transaction नहीं होता। GDP welfare का पूर्ण माप नहीं है।
A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market activities जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not fully show aspects like distribution and non-market activities
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total market output but not all aspects of welfare. In exams, clarify the difference between GDP and welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market activities जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not fully show aspects like distribution and non-market activities. GDP shows total market output but not all aspects of welfare. In exams, clarify the difference between GDP and welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP कुल market output दिखाता है लेकिन welfare के सभी पक्ष नहीं। Exam में GDP और welfare का अंतर स्पष्ट करें।
A. GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है/Welfare may fall even when GDP rises
Step 1
Concept
GDP may show rising output but not pollution loss. Also consider environment in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है / Welfare may fall even when GDP rises. GDP may show rising output but not pollution loss. Also consider environment in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output बढ़ने को दिखा सकता है लेकिन pollution loss नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में environment को भी देखें।
A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because imports are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures domestic production. Spending on imports is not domestic output, so (M) is deducted in (X-M).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because imports are not domestic production. GDP measures domestic production. Spending on imports is not domestic output, so (M) is deducted in (X-M).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic production को मापता है। Imports पर खर्च घरेलू output नहीं है इसलिए (X-M) में (M) घटाते हैं।
A. जब वे वर्तमान वर्ष में नए उत्पादित हों/When they are newly produced in the current year
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures current production. New capital goods are included as investment like final goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वे वर्तमान वर्ष में नए उत्पादित हों / When they are newly produced in the current year. GDP measures current production. New capital goods are included as investment like final goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP current production को मापता है। नए capital goods final goods की तरह investment में शामिल होते हैं।
A. अनबिकी अंतिम वस्तुओं और stock में परिवर्तन/Unsold final goods and change in stock
Step 1
Concept
Unsold goods are also part of current production. Therefore, increase in stock can be counted in GDP as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनबिकी अंतिम वस्तुओं और stock में परिवर्तन / Unsold final goods and change in stock. Unsold goods are also part of current production. Therefore, increase in stock can be counted in GDP as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold goods भी current production का भाग हैं। इसलिए stock में वृद्धि investment के रूप में GDP में गिनी जा सकती है।
In the expenditure method, (G) represents government final consumption expenditure. Keep it separate from transfer payments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expenditure method. In the expenditure method, (G) represents government final consumption expenditure. Keep it separate from transfer payments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में (G) सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय को दर्शाता है। इसे transfer payments से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Unemployment allowance is not payment for current production. It is not included in GDP as final output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. Unemployment allowance is not payment for current production. It is not included in GDP as final output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unemployment allowance current production के बदले payment नहीं है। इसे GDP में final output के रूप में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
A. कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर/By dividing total GDP by population
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP shows average domestic output per person. Divide total GDP by population for it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर / By dividing total GDP by population. Per capita GDP shows average domestic output per person. Divide total GDP by population for it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP average domestic output प्रति व्यक्ति दिखाता है। इसके लिए total GDP को population से divide करें।
A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र की परिभाषा को ध्यान से लागू किया जाता है/The definition of economic territory is applied carefully
Step 1
Concept
The institutional definition of economic territory is important in GDP. In cases like embassies, boundary and economic territory can differ.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र की परिभाषा को ध्यान से लागू किया जाता है / The definition of economic territory is applied carefully. The institutional definition of economic territory is important in GDP. In cases like embassies, boundary and economic territory can differ.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में economic territory की institutional definition महत्वपूर्ण होती है। Embassy जैसे मामलों में सीमा और economic territory अलग हो सकते हैं।
A. constant prices पर real GDP/Real GDP at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output growth after removing price effect. Constant prices are more useful in growth comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. constant prices पर real GDP / Real GDP at constant prices. Real GDP shows output growth after removing price effect. Constant prices are more useful in growth comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price effect हटाकर output growth दिखाता है। Growth comparison में constant prices अधिक उपयोगी हैं।
A. Value added में intermediate consumption घटाया जाता है/Intermediate consumption is deducted in value added
Step 1
Concept
Value added is the newly added value in production. It is calculated by deducting intermediate consumption from output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Value added में intermediate consumption घटाया जाता है / Intermediate consumption is deducted in value added. Value added is the newly added value in production. It is calculated by deducting intermediate consumption from output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added उत्पादन में नई जोड़ी गई value है। इसे output से intermediate consumption घटाकर निकाला जाता है।
A. परिवारों और सरकार द्वारा/By households and government
Step 1
Concept
In the expenditure method, household consumption and government final consumption can both be included. Keep them separate from intermediate consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों और सरकार द्वारा / By households and government. In the expenditure method, household consumption and government final consumption can both be included. Keep them separate from intermediate consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में household consumption और government final consumption दोनों शामिल हो सकते हैं। इन्हें intermediate consumption से अलग रखें।
A. दिया गया aggregate MP या FC और gross या net है/Whether the given aggregate is MP or FC and gross or net
Step 1
Concept
In GDP conversion, first identify valuation basis and gross-net status. Then apply correct signs of (NIT) and depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दिया गया aggregate MP या FC और gross या net है / Whether the given aggregate is MP or FC and gross or net. In GDP conversion, first identify valuation basis and gross-net status. Then apply correct signs of (NIT) and depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP conversion में valuation basis और gross-net status पहले पहचानें। फिर (NIT) और depreciation के signs सही लगाएं।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) crore. When (NIT) is negative, market price value can be less than factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 6900 करोड़ / 6900 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) crore. When (NIT) is negative, market price value can be less than factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) करोड़ होगा। Negative (NIT) होने पर market price value factor cost से कम हो सकती है।
GDP measures production within economic territory. The location of production, not citizenship, is the main basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र / Economic territory. GDP measures production within economic territory. The location of production, not citizenship, is the main basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP आर्थिक क्षेत्र के भीतर हुए उत्पादन को मापता है। नागरिकता नहीं बल्कि उत्पादन का स्थान मुख्य आधार है।
GDP includes production within domestic territory. The worker's nationality does not change GDP inclusion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल / Included in GDP. GDP includes production within domestic territory. The worker's nationality does not change GDP inclusion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में हुए उत्पादन को शामिल करता है। श्रमिक की nationality से GDP inclusion नहीं बदलता।
In factor cost, the effect of (NIT) is removed from market price. Therefore \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. In factor cost, the effect of (NIT) is removed from market price. Therefore \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor cost में market price से (NIT) का प्रभाव हटाया जाता है। इसलिए \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है।
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation=11400\) crore. Depreciation must be deducted to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 11400 करोड़ / 11400 crore. \(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation=11400\) crore. Depreciation must be deducted to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation=11400\) करोड़। Gross से net में depreciation घटाना जरूरी है।
A. क्योंकि GDP domestic concept है/Because GDP is a domestic concept
Step 1
Concept
GDP is limited to production within domestic territory. (NFIA) is used in national aggregates like GNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP domestic concept है / Because GDP is a domestic concept. GDP is limited to production within domestic territory. (NFIA) is used in national aggregates like GNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory के उत्पादन तक सीमित है। (NFIA) national aggregates जैसे GNP में उपयोग होता है।
A. विभिन्न वस्तुओं और सेवाओं को एक सामान्य monetary measure में जोड़ने के लिए/To add different goods and services in one common monetary measure
Step 1
Concept
GDP adds different goods and services in money value. Market value gives a common measuring unit.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विभिन्न वस्तुओं और सेवाओं को एक सामान्य monetary measure में जोड़ने के लिए / To add different goods and services in one common monetary measure. GDP adds different goods and services in money value. Market value gives a common measuring unit.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP अलग-अलग goods and services को money value में जोड़ता है। Market value common measuring unit देता है।
A. Value added निकालने के लिए/To calculate value added
Step 1
Concept
Value added is obtained by deducting intermediate consumption from output. This reduces double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Value added निकालने के लिए / To calculate value added. Value added is obtained by deducting intermediate consumption from output. This reduces double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added output में से intermediate consumption घटाकर मिलता है। इससे double counting कम होती है।
Value added (=4800-1750=3050) crore. In the product method, check newly added value rather than full output value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 3050 करोड़ / 3050 crore. Value added (=4800-1750=3050) crore. In the product method, check newly added value rather than full output value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added (=4800-1750=3050) करोड़। Product method में output की पूरी value नहीं बल्कि नई added value देखें।
Adding full values of intermediate stages separately counts the same value repeatedly. Use final bread or value added approach.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Double counting. Adding full values of intermediate stages separately counts the same value repeatedly. Use final bread or value added approach.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate stages की पूरी values अलग-अलग जोड़ने से same value बार-बार गिनेगी। अंतिम bread या value added approach अपनाएं।
A. वे घरेलू उत्पादन का भाग नहीं हैं/They are not part of domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Spending on imports does not create domestic output. Therefore, (M) is deducted in the expenditure method of GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे घरेलू उत्पादन का भाग नहीं हैं / They are not part of domestic production. Spending on imports does not create domestic output. Therefore, (M) is deducted in the expenditure method of GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imports पर खर्च domestic output नहीं बनाता। इसलिए GDP के expenditure method में (M) घटाया जाता है।
A. Government final expenditure current output खरीदता है, transfer payment output के बदले नहीं होता/Government final expenditure buys current output, transfer payment is not against output
Step 1
Concept
GDP includes government purchase of current goods and services. Transfer payments are not rewards for production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Government final expenditure current output खरीदता है, transfer payment output के बदले नहीं होता / Government final expenditure buys current output, transfer payment is not against output. GDP includes government purchase of current goods and services. Transfer payments are not rewards for production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में current goods and services की government खरीद शामिल होती है। Transfer payments उत्पादन के प्रतिफल नहीं होते।
A. Investment या government capital formation के रूप में शामिल/Included as investment or government capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new school building is current capital formation. It can be included in GDP as current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Investment या government capital formation के रूप में शामिल / Included as investment or government capital formation. A new school building is current capital formation. It can be included in GDP as current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया स्कूल भवन current capital formation है। यह GDP में current production के रूप में शामिल हो सकता है।
A. क्योंकि इसका market transaction नहीं होता/Because it has no market transaction
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household service generally has no monetary record. GDP focuses on market-valued production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसका market transaction नहीं होता / Because it has no market transaction. Unpaid household service generally has no monetary record. GDP focuses on market-valued production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household service का monetary record सामान्यतः नहीं होता। GDP market-valued production पर केंद्रित रहता है।
Paid tutor service is a market transaction and current service output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होगी / It will be included in GDP. Paid tutor service is a market transaction and current service output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid tutor service market transaction है और current service output है। इसलिए इसे GDP में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. यह official records में ठीक से दर्ज नहीं होता/It is not properly recorded in official records
Step 1
Concept
Illegal activity can be hidden and absent from data. This can make measured GDP different from actual activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह official records में ठीक से दर्ज नहीं होता / It is not properly recorded in official records. Illegal activity can be hidden and absent from data. This can make measured GDP different from actual activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activity छुपी हो सकती है और data में नहीं आती। इससे measured GDP actual activity से अलग हो सकता है।
A. Official GDP कम आंका जा सकता है/Official GDP may be underestimated
Step 1
Concept
The black economy can remain outside official statistics. This may cause underestimation in GDP measurement.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Official GDP कम आंका जा सकता है / Official GDP may be underestimated. The black economy can remain outside official statistics. This may cause underestimation in GDP measurement.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Black economy official statistics से बाहर रह सकती है। इससे GDP measurement में underestimation हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि वह current production है/Because it is current production
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures current year production. Resale of an old house is not current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current production है / Because it is current production. GDP measures current year production. Resale of an old house is not current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP current year production को मापता है। पुराने मकान की resale current production नहीं है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन का अनबिका भाग है/Because it is the unsold part of current production
Step 1
Concept
An increase in stock represents current output not yet sold. It can be treated as inventory investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन का अनबिका भाग है / Because it is the unsold part of current production. An increase in stock represents current output not yet sold. It can be treated as inventory investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Stock increase current output को दर्शाता है जो अभी बिका नहीं है। इसे inventory investment माना जा सकता है।
A. Inventory investment में शामिल/Included in inventory investment
Step 1
Concept
Unsold goods are also current production. Therefore, they are counted as stock or inventory investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Inventory investment में शामिल / Included in inventory investment. Unsold goods are also current production. Therefore, they are counted as stock or inventory investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold goods भी current production हैं। इसलिए उन्हें stock या inventory investment में गिना जाता है।
Capital consumption allowance is not deducted in GDP. Hence it is called a gross measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह gross measure है / It is a gross measure. Capital consumption allowance is not deducted in GDP. Hence it is called a gross measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में capital consumption allowance घटाया नहीं जाता। इसलिए इसे gross measure कहा जाता है।
For net domestic product, depreciation is deducted from gross domestic product. This is the gross-net conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. For net domestic product, depreciation is deducted from gross domestic product. This is the gross-net conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net domestic product के लिए gross domestic product से depreciation घटाते हैं। यही gross-net conversion है।
GDP deflator shows price level using the ratio of nominal and real GDP. Keep nominal above and real below in the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times 100\). GDP deflator shows price level using the ratio of nominal and real GDP. Keep nominal above and real below in the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator nominal और real GDP के अनुपात से price level दिखाता है। Formula में nominal ऊपर और real नीचे रखें।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ा है/Real output has increased
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output after removing price effect. Therefore, real GDP growth indicates an increase in real production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ा है / Real output has increased. Real GDP shows output after removing price effect. Therefore, real GDP growth indicates an increase in real production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price effect हटाकर output दिखाता है। इसलिए real GDP growth वास्तविक उत्पादन वृद्धि का संकेत है।
The nominal growth is being explained by price rise itself. Therefore, real output can be considered almost constant.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग स्थिर / Almost constant. The nominal growth is being explained by price rise itself. Therefore, real output can be considered almost constant.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal growth price rise से ही explain हो रही है। इसलिए real output लगभग स्थिर माना जा सकता है।
A. औसत घरेलू उत्पादन या आय प्रति व्यक्ति/Average domestic output or income per person
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. It shows the average level, not distribution.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. औसत घरेलू उत्पादन या आय प्रति व्यक्ति / Average domestic output or income per person. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. It shows the average level, not distribution.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP total GDP को population से भाग देकर मिलता है। यह average level दिखाता है, distribution नहीं।
A. क्योंकि GDP आय वितरण नहीं बताता/Because GDP does not show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total output but not income distribution. Also check inequality in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP आय वितरण नहीं बताता / Because GDP does not show income distribution. GDP shows total output but not income distribution. Also check inequality in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP total output बताता है लेकिन income distribution नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में inequality को भी देखें।
A. Pollution damage के कारण welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़े/Welfare may not rise due to pollution damage
Step 1
Concept
Pollution control spending can add to GDP, but pollution itself can reduce welfare. Do not treat GDP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Pollution damage के कारण welfare जरूरी नहीं बढ़े / Welfare may not rise due to pollution damage. Pollution control spending can add to GDP, but pollution itself can reduce welfare. Do not treat GDP as a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pollution control spending GDP में जुड़ सकता है लेकिन pollution itself welfare घटा सकता है। GDP को welfare का पूर्ण measure न मानें।
A. जीवन गुणवत्ता का आकलन अधूरा हो सकता है/Quality of life assessment may be incomplete
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures monetary output, not non-market quality like leisure. Therefore, be careful in welfare comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जीवन गुणवत्ता का आकलन अधूरा हो सकता है / Quality of life assessment may be incomplete. GDP measures monetary output, not non-market quality like leisure. Therefore, be careful in welfare comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP monetary output मापता है, leisure जैसी non-market quality नहीं। इसलिए welfare comparison में सावधानी रखें।
A. GDP बढ़ सकता है, लेकिन welfare loss भी हो सकता है/GDP may rise, but welfare loss may also occur
Step 1
Concept
Repair spending can raise GDP as current production. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ सकता है, लेकिन welfare loss भी हो सकता है / GDP may rise, but welfare loss may also occur. Repair spending can raise GDP as current production. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Repair spending current production के रूप में GDP बढ़ा सकता है। लेकिन disaster से हुई हानि welfare घटा सकती है।
A. Current production या investment के रूप में शामिल/Included as current production or investment
Step 1
Concept
New software creation can be current service or intangible investment. GDP includes current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current production या investment के रूप में शामिल / Included as current production or investment. New software creation can be current service or intangible investment. GDP includes current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई software creation current service or intangible investment हो सकती है। GDP current production को शामिल करता है।
A. Investment में दिखेगा लेकिन imports घटाकर domestic GDP को सही किया जाएगा/It appears in investment but imports are deducted to correct domestic GDP
Step 1
Concept
An imported machine may enter investment in expenditure, but subtracting (M) removes foreign output. GDP measures domestic production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Investment में दिखेगा लेकिन imports घटाकर domestic GDP को सही किया जाएगा / It appears in investment but imports are deducted to correct domestic GDP. An imported machine may enter investment in expenditure, but subtracting (M) removes foreign output. GDP measures domestic production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure में imported machine investment में आ सकती है, पर (M) घटाने से foreign output हट जाता है। GDP domestic production मापता है।
A. क्योंकि वे domestic production हैं जो विदेशों को बेचे गए/Because they are domestic production sold abroad
Step 1
Concept
Exports are goods and services produced within the domestic territory. Therefore, their value is included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे domestic production हैं जो विदेशों को बेचे गए / Because they are domestic production sold abroad. Exports are goods and services produced within the domestic territory. Therefore, their value is included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Exports घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादित goods and services होते हैं। इसलिए GDP में उनका value शामिल किया जाता है।
A. जब सही data और समान accounting basis हो/When data is correct and accounting basis is same
Step 1
Concept
Product, income and expenditure methods theoretically measure the same output. If data and basis are consistent, results should be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब सही data और समान accounting basis हो / When data is correct and accounting basis is same. Product, income and expenditure methods theoretically measure the same output. If data and basis are consistent, results should be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Product, income और expenditure methods theoretically same output को मापते हैं। Data और basis consistent हो तो results equal होने चाहिए।
A. क्योंकि ये MP-FC, gross-net और domestic-national conversion से जुड़े हैं/Because they relate to MP-FC, gross-net and domestic-national conversions
Step 1
Concept
(NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to gross-net and (NFIA) to domestic-national conversion. Keeping them separate reduces sign mistakes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ये MP-FC, gross-net और domestic-national conversion से जुड़े हैं / Because they relate to MP-FC, gross-net and domestic-national conversions. (NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to gross-net and (NFIA) to domestic-national conversion. Keeping them separate reduces sign mistakes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NIT) valuation, depreciation gross-net और (NFIA) domestic-national conversion से जुड़ा है। इन्हें अलग रखने से sign mistakes कम होती हैं।
\(NDP_{FC}=15000-1200-800=13000\) crore. In GDP to NDP and MP to FC conversion, both values are deducted.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 13000 करोड़ / 13000 crore. \(NDP_{FC}=15000-1200-800=13000\) crore. In GDP to NDP and MP to FC conversion, both values are deducted.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{FC}=15000-1200-800=13000\) करोड़ होगा। GDP से NDP और MP से FC conversion में दोनों values घटती हैं।
A. घर में बिना भुगतान की देखभाल सेवा/Unpaid care service at home
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household care service has no market transaction. Therefore, GDP does not show the complete picture of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घर में बिना भुगतान की देखभाल सेवा / Unpaid care service at home. Unpaid household care service has no market transaction. Therefore, GDP does not show the complete picture of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household care service का market transaction नहीं होता। इसलिए GDP welfare का पूरा चित्र नहीं दिखाता।
A. जहां देश की आर्थिक गतिविधियां नियंत्रित और संचालित होती हैं/Area where a country's economic activities are controlled and operated
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production within economic territory. Political boundary and economic territory are not always identical.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जहां देश की आर्थिक गतिविधियां नियंत्रित और संचालित होती हैं / Area where a country's economic activities are controlled and operated. GDP measures production within economic territory. Political boundary and economic territory are not always identical.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP economic territory में हुए production को मापता है। Political boundary और economic territory हमेशा एक जैसे नहीं होते।
GDP is based on the location of production. A service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होंगी / Included in GDP. GDP is based on the location of production. A service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP production location पर आधारित होता है। Domestic territory में दी गई service GDP में शामिल होती है।
A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत के घरेलू क्षेत्र से बाहर हुआ/Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a location-based domestic measure. Production abroad may relate to national aggregate, not GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत के घरेलू क्षेत्र से बाहर हुआ / Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory. GDP is a location-based domestic measure. Production abroad may relate to national aggregate, not GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP location-based domestic measure है। विदेश में उत्पादन national aggregate से जुड़ सकता है, GDP से नहीं।
A. दोनों घरेलू क्षेत्र से जुड़े होते हैं/Both are linked with domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP and domestic income are both linked with production within domestic territory. (NFIA) adjustment is separate for national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों घरेलू क्षेत्र से जुड़े होते हैं / Both are linked with domestic territory. GDP and domestic income are both linked with production within domestic territory. (NFIA) adjustment is separate for national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP और domestic income दोनों domestic territory के production से जुड़े हैं। National aggregate के लिए (NFIA) का adjustment अलग होता है।
\(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) crore. (NIT) is deducted when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 12300 करोड़ / 12300 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) crore. (NIT) is deducted when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) करोड़ होगा। Market price से factor cost पर (NIT) घटाया जाता है।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) crore. With negative (NIT), MP value can be lower than FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 11550 करोड़ / 11550 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) crore. With negative (NIT), MP value can be lower than FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) करोड़। Negative (NIT) होने पर MP value FC से कम हो सकती है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है/Depreciation has not been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Gross means depreciation is included. Depreciation must be deducted for a net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है / Depreciation has not been deducted. Gross means depreciation is included. Depreciation must be deducted for a net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ depreciation included है। Net measure के लिए depreciation घटानी पड़ती है।
(GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) raises the domestic aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 10200 करोड़ / 10200 crore. (GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) raises the domestic aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) करोड़। Negative (NFIA) घटाने पर domestic aggregate बढ़ता है।
A. Output value से intermediate consumption घटाकर/By deducting intermediate consumption from output value
Step 1
Concept
Value added shows newly added value. It is calculated as output minus intermediate consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Output value से intermediate consumption घटाकर / By deducting intermediate consumption from output value. Value added shows newly added value. It is calculated as output minus intermediate consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added नई जोड़ी गई value को दिखाता है। इसे output minus intermediate consumption से निकालते हैं।
A. Double counting से बचना/Avoiding double counting
Step 1
Concept
Both approaches prevent repeated counting of intermediate goods. The aim is to measure correct current final output in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Double counting से बचना / Avoiding double counting. Both approaches prevent repeated counting of intermediate goods. The aim is to measure correct current final output in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दोनों approaches intermediate goods की repeated counting रोकती हैं। GDP में सही current final output मापना उद्देश्य है।
A. क्योंकि वही value final goods में पहले से शामिल होती है/Because the same value is already included in final goods
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate goods are used in producing final goods and get included in final value. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वही value final goods में पहले से शामिल होती है / Because the same value is already included in final goods. Intermediate goods are used in producing final goods and get included in final value. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods final goods की production में use होकर final value में शामिल हो जाते हैं। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होती है।
A. Domestic production को सही मापना/To measure domestic production correctly
Step 1
Concept
Exports are domestic production and imports are foreign production. Therefore, (X-M) keeps GDP limited to domestic output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic production को सही मापना / To measure domestic production correctly. Exports are domestic production and imports are foreign production. Therefore, (X-M) keeps GDP limited to domestic output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Exports domestic production हैं और imports foreign production हैं। इसलिए (X-M) GDP को domestic output तक सीमित रखता है।
A. नई मशीनें और inventory change/New machines and inventory change
Step 1
Concept
Investment may include new capital goods and stock changes. Financial asset resale is not current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई मशीनें और inventory change / New machines and inventory change. Investment may include new capital goods and stock changes. Financial asset resale is not current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Investment में new capital goods और stock changes शामिल हो सकते हैं। Financial asset resale current production नहीं है।
A. वर्तमान उत्पादन का एक भाग अभी बेचा नहीं गया/A part of current production has not yet been sold
Step 1
Concept
Inventory increase is the unsold portion of current output. It is included in GDP as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वर्तमान उत्पादन का एक भाग अभी बेचा नहीं गया / A part of current production has not yet been sold. Inventory increase is the unsold portion of current output. It is included in GDP as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inventory increase current output का unsold portion है। इसे investment के रूप में GDP में शामिल किया जाता है।
Operating surplus is linked with property and enterprise incomes. It is part of factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Rent, interest and profit. Operating surplus is linked with property and enterprise incomes. It is part of factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Operating surplus property और enterprise incomes से जुड़ा होता है। यह factor income का भाग है।
The labour and enterprise income of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्व-नियोजित व्यक्तियों / Self-employed persons. The labour and enterprise income of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-employed की labour और enterprise income अलग-अलग स्पष्ट नहीं होती। इसलिए इसे mixed income कहा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का reward नहीं है/Because it is not a reward for current productive service
Step 1
Concept
A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. GDP counts income or output linked with current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का reward नहीं है / Because it is not a reward for current productive service. A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. GDP counts income or output linked with current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer-type receipt है। GDP में current production से जुड़ी income या output गिना जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले भुगतान नहीं है/Because it is not payment for current production
Step 1
Concept
Pension can be a transfer payment and is not a reward for current output. GDP is a production-based measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले भुगतान नहीं है / Because it is not payment for current production. Pension can be a transfer payment and is not a reward for current output. GDP is a production-based measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pension transfer payment हो सकती है और current output का reward नहीं है। GDP production-based measure है।
A. क्योंकि वह current year production नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
The old vehicle's production was already counted in some earlier year. Adding resale value will wrongly raise current GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current year production नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. The old vehicle's production was already counted in some earlier year. Adding resale value will wrongly raise current GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old vehicle का production पहले ही किसी वर्ष में count हो चुका है। Resale value जोड़ने से current GDP गलत बढ़ेगा।
A. क्योंकि यह current service output है/Because it is current service output
Step 1
Concept
The resale value of the old vehicle is not included, but the mechanic's current service can be included. GDP measures current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current service output है / Because it is current service output. The resale value of the old vehicle is not included, but the mechanic's current service can be included. GDP measures current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old vehicle का resale value शामिल नहीं होता लेकिन mechanic की current service शामिल हो सकती है। GDP current production को मापता है।
A. जब वह current production हो और उसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो/When it is current production and has an estimated value
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is current production. Even if not sold in the market, its estimated value can be taken.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह current production हो और उसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो / When it is current production and has an estimated value. Self-consumed farm output is current production. Even if not sold in the market, its estimated value can be taken.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output current production है। Market में न बिकने पर भी उसका estimated value लिया जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि उसका market transaction नहीं होता/Because it has no market transaction
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services do not enter monetary records. Therefore GDP is not considered a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका market transaction नहीं होता / Because it has no market transaction. Unpaid household services do not enter monetary records. Therefore GDP is not considered a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services monetary record में नहीं आतीं। इसलिए GDP welfare का पूर्ण measure नहीं माना जाता।
A restaurant meal is a market transaction and current service-output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होगा / It will be included in GDP. A restaurant meal is a market transaction and current service-output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restaurant meal market transaction और current service-output है। इसलिए इसे GDP में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
Nominal GDP is at current prices, while real GDP is at constant prices. Real GDP removes the price effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों के प्रभाव से / Effect of prices. Nominal GDP is at current prices, while real GDP is at constant prices. Real GDP removes the price effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर होता है जबकि real GDP constant prices पर। Real GDP price effect हटाता है।
A. Price level base year से लगभग (10%) अधिक है/Price level is about (10%) higher than base year
Step 1
Concept
When the deflator is above (100), prices are above the base year. (110) means about (10%) higher price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Price level base year से लगभग (10%) अधिक है / Price level is about (10%) higher than base year. When the deflator is above (100), prices are above the base year. (110) means about (10%) higher price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Deflator (100) से ऊपर होने पर prices base year से अधिक होते हैं। (110) का अर्थ लगभग (10%) higher price level है।
A. Prices बढ़े हैं लेकिन real output घटा है/Prices have risen but real output has fallen
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP can rise due to price effect. A fall in real GDP shows a decrease in real production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Prices बढ़े हैं लेकिन real output घटा है / Prices have risen but real output has fallen. Nominal GDP can rise due to price effect. A fall in real GDP shows a decrease in real production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP price effect से बढ़ सकता है। Real GDP घटना वास्तविक production में कमी दिखाता है।
A. यह income distribution नहीं दिखाता/It does not show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP shows an average but not inequality. Check distribution separately in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह income distribution नहीं दिखाता / It does not show income distribution. Per capita GDP shows an average but not inequality. Check distribution separately in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP average बताता है लेकिन inequality नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में distribution अलग से देखें।
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. If population grows faster, the average may fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घट सकता है / It may fall. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. If population grows faster, the average may fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP total GDP को population से divide करके मिलता है। Population तेजी से बढ़े तो average घट सकता है।
A. क्योंकि pollution, inequality और leisure जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं/Because aspects like pollution, inequality and leisure may be missed
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures monetary output but not all aspects of welfare. Therefore, do not treat GDP as a complete welfare indicator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि pollution, inequality और leisure जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं / Because aspects like pollution, inequality and leisure may be missed. GDP measures monetary output but not all aspects of welfare. Therefore, do not treat GDP as a complete welfare indicator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP monetary output मापता है लेकिन welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं। इसलिए GDP को welfare का पूर्ण indicator न मानें।
A. GDP growth welfare को overstate कर सकती है/GDP growth may overstate welfare
Step 1
Concept
Environmental damage is not fully shown in output data. Welfare may fall even when GDP rises.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP growth welfare को overstate कर सकती है / GDP growth may overstate welfare. Environmental damage is not fully shown in output data. Welfare may fall even when GDP rises.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Environmental damage output data में पूरी तरह नहीं दिखता। GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है।
A. GDP बढ़ सकता है लेकिन नुकसान welfare घटा सकता है/GDP can rise but damage can reduce welfare
Step 1
Concept
Repair services can increase current output. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ सकता है लेकिन नुकसान welfare घटा सकता है / GDP can rise but damage can reduce welfare. Repair services can increase current output. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Repair services current output बढ़ा सकती हैं। लेकिन disaster का नुकसान welfare को कम कर सकता है।
Paid domestic service is a market transaction. Therefore, it can be included in GDP as current service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होती हैं / Included in GDP. Paid domestic service is a market transaction. Therefore, it can be included in GDP as current service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid domestic service market transaction है। इसलिए यह GDP में current service output के रूप में शामिल हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि मकान housing service देता है जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो सकता है/Because the house provides housing service with an estimated value
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar housing services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि मकान housing service देता है जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो सकता है / Because the house provides housing service with an estimated value. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar housing services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service प्रदान करता है। Imputed rent से similar housing services का consistent valuation होता है।
A. नया phone current production है, resale current production नहीं है/New phone is current production, resale is not current production
Step 1
Concept
GDP counts current year production. Resale of an old phone is transfer of earlier production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नया phone current production है, resale current production नहीं है / New phone is current production, resale is not current production. GDP counts current year production. Resale of an old phone is transfer of earlier production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP current year production को गिनता है। पुराने phone की resale पहले की production का transfer है।
A. GDP का अनुमान कम या अधूरा हो सकता है/GDP estimate may be low or incomplete
Step 1
Concept
If informal sector data is not fully captured, output may be underreported. Keep measurement limitations in mind.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP का अनुमान कम या अधूरा हो सकता है / GDP estimate may be low or incomplete. If informal sector data is not fully captured, output may be underreported. Keep measurement limitations in mind.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Informal sector का data पूरी तरह capture न हो तो output underreported हो सकता है। Measurement limitation को ध्यान में रखें।
A. क्योंकि एक का expenditure दूसरे की income और output value से जुड़ता है/Because one's expenditure is linked with another's income and output value
Step 1
Concept
Production, income and expenditure are different views of the same circular flow. Therefore, with correct data, results should be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि एक का expenditure दूसरे की income और output value से जुड़ता है / Because one's expenditure is linked with another's income and output value. Production, income and expenditure are different views of the same circular flow. Therefore, with correct data, results should be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Production, income और expenditure same circular flow के अलग views हैं। इसलिए सही data पर results समान होने चाहिए।
A. जब GDP को national aggregate में बदलना हो/When GDP is to be converted into a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA) is used in domestic-national conversion. Use (NIT) for GDP MP-FC conversion and depreciation for gross-net conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब GDP को national aggregate में बदलना हो / When GDP is to be converted into a national aggregate. (NFIA) is used in domestic-national conversion. Use (NIT) for GDP MP-FC conversion and depreciation for gross-net conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NFIA) domestic-national conversion में उपयोग होता है। GDP के MP-FC conversion में (NIT) और gross-net conversion में depreciation देखें।
A. (NIT), depreciation और (NFIA) के signs मिलाना/Mixing signs of (NIT), depreciation and (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
In GDP conversion, (NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to net conversion and (NFIA) to national conversion. Identify all three separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT), depreciation और (NFIA) के signs मिलाना / Mixing signs of (NIT), depreciation and (NFIA). In GDP conversion, (NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to net conversion and (NFIA) to national conversion. Identify all three separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP conversion में (NIT) valuation, depreciation net और (NFIA) national conversion से जुड़ा है। तीनों को अलग-अलग पहचानें।
