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NNP means Net National Product. For exams remember it is linked with subtracting depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product. NNP means Net National Product. For exams remember it is linked with subtracting depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी का अर्थ शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद होता है। परीक्षा में NNP को depreciation घटाने से जोड़कर याद रखें।
A. GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाकर/By subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
NNP is calculated as (GNP - Depreciation). In exams depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाकर / By subtracting depreciation from GNP. NNP is calculated as (GNP - Depreciation). In exams depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी (GNP - Depreciation) से निकाला जाता है। परीक्षा में depreciation को consumption of fixed capital भी कहा जाता है।
NNP is a net measure because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net as the value after depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध माप / Net measure. NNP is a net measure because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net as the value after depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी एक शुद्ध माप है क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में net शब्द को depreciation के बाद की राशि समझें।
A. देश के सामान्य निवासियों की आय/Income of normal residents of a country
Step 1
Concept
National refers to normal residents. In exams keep the difference between national and domestic clear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के सामान्य निवासियों की आय / Income of normal residents of a country. National refers to normal residents. In exams keep the difference between national and domestic clear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय का अर्थ सामान्य निवासियों से संबंधित होता है। परीक्षा में national और domestic का अंतर साफ रखें।
A. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है/Depreciation is deducted in NNP
Step 1
Concept
NNP is the net form of GNP after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net on this basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP में मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है / Depreciation is deducted in NNP. NNP is the net form of GNP after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net on this basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP GNP का शुद्ध रूप है जिसमें मूल्यह्रास घटा होता है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर इसी आधार पर करें।
The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In formula-based MCQs watch plus and minus signs carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In formula-based MCQs watch plus and minus signs carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सही सूत्र (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में formula-based MCQ में plus और minus ध्यान से देखें।
A. क्योंकि इसमें पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाया जाता है/Because capital wear and tear is deducted
Step 1
Concept
NNP is called net because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net product as value after replacement cost is considered.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसमें पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाया जाता है / Because capital wear and tear is deducted. NNP is called net because depreciation is deducted. In exams understand net product as value after replacement cost is considered.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी को शुद्ध इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में net product का अर्थ replacement cost घटने के बाद समझें।
When GNP is constant, higher depreciation reduces NNP. Use the formula to find such effects quickly in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP घटेगा / NNP will decrease. When GNP is constant, higher depreciation reduces NNP. Use the formula to find such effects quickly in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP समान रहने पर अधिक मूल्यह्रास से NNP घटता है। परीक्षा में सूत्र से प्रभाव तुरंत निकालें।
NNP shows net output earned by normal residents. In exams connect the resident concept with national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों की / Normal residents. NNP shows net output earned by normal residents. In exams connect the resident concept with national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध उत्पादन को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में resident concept को राष्ट्रीय आय से जोड़ें।
C. बाजार कीमत और साधन लागत दोनों/Both market price and factor cost
Step 1
Concept
NNP can be expressed at both market price and factor cost. In exams identify the terms NNPMP and NNPFC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. बाजार कीमत और साधन लागत दोनों / Both market price and factor cost. NNP can be expressed at both market price and factor cost. In exams identify the terms NNPMP and NNPFC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP को market price और factor cost दोनों पर व्यक्त किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में NNPMP और NNPFC के नाम पहचानें।
A. बाजार कीमतों पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद/Net national product at market prices
Step 1
Concept
NNPMP is net national product measured at market prices. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार कीमतों पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net national product at market prices. NNPMP is net national product measured at market prices. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP बाजार कीमतों पर मापा गया शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद है। परीक्षा में MP का अर्थ market price याद रखें।
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. This is a very important identification point for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय आय / National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. This is a very important identification point for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost को राष्ट्रीय आय कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में यह बहुत महत्वपूर्ण पहचान प्रश्न है।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं/Net indirect taxes are subtracted
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं / Net indirect taxes are subtracted. NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC (= NNPMP - Net Indirect Taxes) होता है। परीक्षा में market price से factor cost जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
A. यह राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा का भाग है/It is part of the national concept
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept so it may include net factor income from abroad. In exams check NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा का भाग है / It is part of the national concept. NNP is a national concept so it may include net factor income from abroad. In exams check NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा है इसलिए इसमें विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय शामिल हो सकती है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाते समय NFIA देखें।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NDP is domestic and NNP is national so the difference comes from NFIA. Apply NFIA when converting domestic and national aggregates in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NDP is domestic and NNP is national so the difference comes from NFIA. Apply NFIA when converting domestic and national aggregates in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP घरेलू है और NNP राष्ट्रीय है इसलिए NFIA से अंतर आता है। परीक्षा में domestic और national conversion में NFIA लगाएं।
NNP (= NDP + NFIA). In exams add net factor income from abroad when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NDP में NFIA जोड़ना / Add NFIA to NDP. NNP (= NDP + NFIA). In exams add net factor income from abroad when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= NDP + NFIA) होता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाते समय विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय जोड़ें।
Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP NDP से कम होगा / NNP will be less than NDP. Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP घट जाता है। परीक्षा में negative sign को subtraction जैसा समझें।
NNP generally measures net national output during one accounting year. Treat national income aggregates as annual flows in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक लेखा वर्ष / One accounting year. NNP generally measures net national output during one accounting year. Treat national income aggregates as annual flows in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP सामान्यतः एक लेखा वर्ष की शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन राशि को मापता है। परीक्षा में national income aggregates को annual flow मानें।
NNP is a flow because it is measured over a period of time. In exams treat income and output as flow variables.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह / Flow. NNP is a flow because it is measured over a period of time. In exams treat income and output as flow variables.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP एक प्रवाह है क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में आय और उत्पादन को flow variable समझें।
A. अर्थव्यवस्था के शुद्ध उत्पादन का/Net output of the economy
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows net output after deducting depreciation. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than gross output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अर्थव्यवस्था के शुद्ध उत्पादन का / Net output of the economy. NNP shows net output after deducting depreciation. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than gross output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद शुद्ध उत्पादन दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे gross output से अधिक refined measure समझें।
Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. It is deducted while calculating NNP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Wear and tear of capital goods is called depreciation. It is deducted while calculating NNP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के घिसाव को मूल्यह्रास कहते हैं। परीक्षा में यह NNP निकालने में घटाया जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह पूंजी के घिसाव को दर्शाता है/Because it shows wear and tear of capital
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation shows the reduced capacity of capital goods. Remember it as replacement allowance for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह पूंजी के घिसाव को दर्शाता है / Because it shows wear and tear of capital. Depreciation shows the reduced capacity of capital goods. Remember it as replacement allowance for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation पूंजीगत वस्तुओं की घटती क्षमता को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे replacement allowance के रूप में याद रखें।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव/Effect of indirect taxes and subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. In exams distinguish MP and FC through NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी का प्रभाव / Effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. In exams distinguish MP and FC through NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का प्रभाव शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में MP और FC के बीच NIT से अंतर करें।
NNP at factor cost shows income of factors of production. Link factor cost with factor payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को / Factors of production. NNP at factor cost shows income of factors of production. Link factor cost with factor payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost उत्पादन साधनों की आय को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में factor cost को factor payments से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि NNPFC राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है/Because NNPFC is called National Income
Step 1
Concept
NNP at factor cost is called National Income. Treat NNPFC as synonymous with National Income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि NNPFC राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है / Because NNPFC is called National Income. NNP at factor cost is called National Income. Treat NNPFC as synonymous with National Income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP at factor cost ही राष्ट्रीय आय कहलाता है। परीक्षा में NNPFC को National Income का समानार्थी मानें।
The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. The difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP और NNP का अंतर मूल्यह्रास होता है। परीक्षा में gross से net जाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
A. GNP और NNP बराबर होंगे/GNP and NNP will be equal
Step 1
Concept
If depreciation is zero, (NNP = GNP). In exams put zero value in the formula to derive the relation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP और NNP बराबर होंगे / GNP and NNP will be equal. If depreciation is zero, (NNP = GNP). In exams put zero value in the formula to derive the relation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation शून्य होने पर (NNP = GNP) होगा। परीक्षा में सूत्र में zero value लगाकर संबंध निकालें।
A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Considering final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Considering final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं को लेने से double counting से बचाव होता है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग पहचानें।
A. क्योंकि इससे दोहरी गणना हो सकती है/Because it may cause double counting
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Avoiding double counting is the key reason in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे दोहरी गणना हो सकती है / Because it may cause double counting. Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Avoiding double counting is the key reason in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुएं अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं। परीक्षा में double counting से बचना मुख्य कारण है।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net Factor Income from Abroad
Step 1
Concept
NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. Remember it in domestic to national conversion for exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net Factor Income from Abroad. NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. Remember it in domestic to national conversion for exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA का अर्थ Net Factor Income from Abroad है। परीक्षा में इसे domestic से national conversion में याद रखें।
A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना/Add NFIA and subtract depreciation
Step 1
Concept
To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना / Add NFIA and subtract depreciation. To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए national adjustment और net adjustment दोनों चाहिए। परीक्षा में (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) याद रखें।
NNP is based on the national resident basis. In exams link territory basis with domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय निवास आधार / National resident basis. NNP is based on the national resident basis. In exams link territory basis with domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP national resident basis पर आधारित होता है। परीक्षा में territory basis को domestic product से जोड़ें।
A. जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में हो/One whose centre of economic interest is in the country
Step 1
Concept
A resident has the centre of economic interest in the country. Connect the normal resident concept with national aggregates in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में हो / One whose centre of economic interest is in the country. A resident has the centre of economic interest in the country. Connect the normal resident concept with national aggregates in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Resident वह होता है जिसका आर्थिक हित का केंद्र देश में होता है। परीक्षा में normal resident concept को national aggregates से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams include only current production in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current production. Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams include only current production in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने शेयरों का लेन-देन वर्तमान उत्पादन नहीं बनाता। परीक्षा में केवल current production को national income में लें।
A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली सेवा है/Yes because it is a paid service
Step 1
Concept
The paid service of a domestic maid is included in NNP. Include paid productive services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हां, क्योंकि यह भुगतान वाली सेवा है / Yes because it is a paid service. The paid service of a domestic maid is included in NNP. Include paid productive services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू सेविका की भुगतान वाली सेवा NNP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include करें।
A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है/Because their market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of own household services is difficult. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन है / Because their market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of own household services is difficult. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के लिए दी गई गृह सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
An old car was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. An old car was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार पहले ही उत्पादन में गिनी जा चुकी होती है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods का पूरा मूल्य include न करें।
A. जब वह वर्तमान वर्ष की सेवा आय हो/When it is service income of the current year
Step 1
Concept
Broker's commission is current service income so it may be included. In exams distinguish full value of old goods from service charges.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह वर्तमान वर्ष की सेवा आय हो / When it is service income of the current year. Broker's commission is current service income so it may be included. In exams distinguish full value of old goods from service charges.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दलाल का कमीशन वर्तमान सेवा आय है इसलिए शामिल हो सकता है। परीक्षा में old good के full value और service charge में अंतर करें।
A. NNP GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है/NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
The most basic relation of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). This formula is the base for many easy exam questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है / NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. The most basic relation of NNP is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). This formula is the base for many easy exam questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का सबसे मूल संबंध (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में यही सूत्र कई आसान प्रश्नों का आधार बनता है।
