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In Class 12 Business Studies, this topic explains policy as a key type of standing plan within the chapter Planning. Students learn how policies provide broad guidelines for managerial thinking and decision-making while leaving room for judgment in different situations. The topic also helps distinguish policies from more specific plans such as procedures and rules, and shows how clear policies promote consistency, coordination and effective implementation of organisational objectives.
Practice questions
01 Which option gives policy and rule in correct order?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Giving priority to customer interest and entry without pass prohibited
Explanation: The first is general guidance and the second is strict order. In exams guidance is policy and prohibition is rule.
Correct answer: A. Because it guides decisions made repeatedly in similar situations
Explanation: A policy is a general guideline that helps managers make decisions in similar or recurring situations. Since it can be used continuously over time, it is called a standing plan. Option B refers to a plan for a one-time event, not a standing plan. Exam tip: Link policies, rules, and procedures with recurring activities and standing plans.
Correct answer: C. A strict punishment order for every situation
Explanation: Correct answer: C, a strict punishment order for every situation. A policy is a broad guideline or general principle that helps people make decisions consistently. It gives direction but normally permits judgement according to the facts of a case. Guidance for decisions is therefore directly related to policy. A general principle is also a characteristic of policy because it expresses the broad approach an organisation wants to follow. By guiding similar decisions, policy can bring reasonable uniformity across departments. In contrast, an order that imposes a fixed punishment in every situation is rigid and specific. It resembles a rule or command rather than a flexible policy. A policy may state the approach to misconduct, but the exact punishment need not be identical in every circumstance. Memory cue: policy guides with principles; a rule commands with certainty.
12 With the help of policy how can decisions of different managers become?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. More similar and consistent
Explanation: A policy provides general guidelines for decision-making. Therefore, when different managers face similar situations, their decisions are likely to be more similar and consistent. Option B is incorrect because policies increase uniformity rather than making decisions unrelated. Exam tip: Remember that a policy is a general guide for managerial decisions.
Correct answer: A. Merit experience and honesty will be valued in recruitment
Explanation: The direct answer is A: merit, experience, and honesty will be valued in recruitment. A policy is a broad statement that guides decisions and establishes criteria for repeated situations. Option A states the principles or standards that should guide recruitment decisions, so it is a recruitment policy. It does not prescribe one exact sequence of actions; it explains what qualities the organisation values. Option B is a procedure because it gives a sequence: first take the resume and then conduct a test. Option C is a specific security or administrative rule for entering an interview room. Option D is a technique or method for performing a typing test, not a recruitment guideline. Therefore A is correct. Memory cue: policy tells the standard or direction; procedure tells the steps.
22 Which statement does not have an element of policy?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Exact steps for operating a machine
Explanation: A policy provides broad guidance for decision-making. It allows managers some discretion within stated limits and promotes uniformity in decisions made in similar situations. Exact steps for operating a machine are not a policy; they describe a procedure or method because they prescribe a fixed sequence of action. Exam tip: look for guidance and discretion in a policy; fixed steps indicate a procedure or method.
23 Which option can be an employee discipline policy?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Fair inquiry will be conducted in discipline matters
Explanation: The direct answer is A: “Fair inquiry will be conducted in discipline matters” can be an employee discipline policy. A policy gives general guidance for handling repeated situations while allowing fair judgement. This statement establishes a consistent principle: when discipline is needed, the organisation will investigate fairly before deciding. Step one is to identify the subject, employee discipline; step two is to see whether the statement gives a general guide; step three is to check whether it allows proper examination rather than prescribing one automatic punishment. Option A passes all three tests. Option B is a rigid automatic punishment and is closer to a rule or harsh fixed order, not balanced policy guidance. Option C is an entry procedure or rule, because it tells employees to take a gate pass before entering. Option D is only a method concerning use of a clock machine and is not a complete discipline policy. Memory cue: fair, general guidance for repeated decisions often signals policy.
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