Management concept

Achieving the right target is called effectiveness. In exams understand target achievement as effectiveness.

The target was achieved so there is effectiveness but wastage lowers efficiency. In exams check both target and resources.

Low cost may show efficiency but without the target there is no effectiveness. In exams connect result with effectiveness.

In management people work together for a common goal. In exams write collective efforts for group activity.

Deciding roles and guiding a team toward a goal is like management. In exams a sports team can also be a management example.

Management is not visible but its effect appears in good results. In exams treat visible results as a clue.

Timely work and clear responsibility are results of good management. In exams identify intangible management through results.

Motivation and leadership are linked with employees so this is management of people. In exams treat employee clue as people dimension.

Service or production process is related to operations management. In exams connect the word process with operations.

Handling work people and operations makes management multidimensional. In exams remember all three dimensions.

Top management sets policy and objectives for the whole organisation. In exams connect policy making with top level.

Middle level gets plans implemented in departments. In exams connect department implementation with middle level.

Lower level supervises the daily work of workers. In exams connect supervision with lower level.

A managing director is linked with major decisions and policies. In exams understand managing director as top level.

A supervisor directs the daily work of workers. In exams supervisor is a common example of lower level.

Coordination links different efforts toward one goal. In exams understand linking efforts as coordination.

Without coordination duplication and confusion may increase among departments. In exams connect duplication with lack of coordination.

The direct answer is A: management as an art uses practical skill. Art does not mean only painting or music here. In business studies, art means applying knowledge in a practical situation to obtain a desired result. Management gives principles, but a manager must use judgement, communication, leadership, creativity and experience according to the people and circumstances involved. Thus management is considered an art because it requires skill in applying knowledge, and this skill improves with practice and experience. Option A is correct. Option B, saying there is no practice, is wrong because repeated application develops managerial ability. Option C, saying no experience is needed, is wrong because experience helps a manager handle different situations. Option D, saying management is only a fixed formula, is wrong because human and business situations vary and cannot be solved mechanically every time. Management also has features of a science and a profession, but the question asks specifically about art. Memory cue: management art means “know the principle, then apply it skillfully.”

Management has systematic knowledge and principles. In exams connect systematic knowledge with science.

Because human behaviour changes management results are not always the same. In exams do not treat it as exact science.

Specialised knowledge and training are important in a profession. In exams connect specialised knowledge with profession.

A compulsory licence is not required everywhere to become a manager. In exams remember lack of restricted entry.

Simply administration is linked with policy making and management with implementation. In exams remember this basic difference.

Planning and directing occur in small businesses too so management exists there. In exams do not get confused by size.

Management is always done for goals. In exams do not consider an activity without goals as management.