A. समाज में बदलाव संभव है/Change in society is possible
Step 1
Concept
The French Revolution showed the possibility of change. In exams link it with the rise of new political ideas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समाज में बदलाव संभव है / Change in society is possible. The French Revolution showed the possibility of change. In exams link it with the rise of new political ideas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फ्रांसीसी क्रांति ने बदलाव की संभावना दिखाई। परीक्षा में इसे नए राजनीतिक विचारों की शुरुआत से जोड़ें।
A. उदारवादी कट्टरपंथी और रूढ़िवादी/Liberals radicals and conservatives
Step 1
Concept
Liberals radicals and conservatives wanted different kinds of change. Remember them as three political currents.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उदारवादी कट्टरपंथी और रूढ़िवादी / Liberals radicals and conservatives. Liberals radicals and conservatives wanted different kinds of change. Remember them as three political currents.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी कट्टरपंथी और रूढ़िवादी अलग अलग बदलाव चाहते थे। इन्हें तीन राजनीतिक धाराओं के रूप में याद रखें।
A. निर्वाचित संसदीय सरकार/Elected parliamentary government
Step 1
Concept
Liberals wanted an elected parliament and rule based on law. Link it with constitutional politics.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निर्वाचित संसदीय सरकार / Elected parliamentary government. Liberals wanted an elected parliament and rule based on law. Link it with constitutional politics.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी चुनी हुई संसद और कानून आधारित शासन चाहते थे। इसे संवैधानिक राजनीति से जोड़ें।
A. अनियंत्रित वंशानुगत शासक/Uncontrolled dynastic rulers
Step 1
Concept
Liberals opposed uncontrolled hereditary rule. They wanted government bound by law.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनियंत्रित वंशानुगत शासक / Uncontrolled dynastic rulers. Liberals opposed uncontrolled hereditary rule. They wanted government bound by law.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी बिना नियंत्रण वाले वंशानुगत शासन के विरोधी थे। वे कानून से बंधी सरकार चाहते थे।
A. शासक और प्रशासन से स्वतंत्र/Independent from ruler and administration
Step 1
Concept
Liberals wanted an independent judiciary. In exams link it with rule of law.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शासक और प्रशासन से स्वतंत्र / Independent from ruler and administration. Liberals wanted an independent judiciary. In exams link it with rule of law.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका चाहते थे। परीक्षा में इसे कानून के शासन से जोड़ें।
A. वे सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार के पक्ष में नहीं थे/They did not support universal adult franchise
Step 1
Concept
Liberals did not support voting rights for all adults. Remember this limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार के पक्ष में नहीं थे / They did not support universal adult franchise. Liberals did not support voting rights for all adults. Remember this limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी सभी वयस्कों को वोट देने के पक्ष में नहीं थे। इस सीमा को याद रखें।
A. देश की अधिकांश आबादी के आधार पर/On the basis of the majority of the country's population
Step 1
Concept
Radicals wanted rule based on the majority. Link it with wider representation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की अधिकांश आबादी के आधार पर / On the basis of the majority of the country's population. Radicals wanted rule based on the majority. Link it with wider representation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी बहुमत आधारित शासन चाहते थे। इसे व्यापक जनप्रतिनिधित्व से जोड़ें।
A. महिला मताधिकार आंदोलन/Women's suffrage movement
Step 1
Concept
Many radicals supported voting rights for women. Link it with democratic expansion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. महिला मताधिकार आंदोलन / Women's suffrage movement. Many radicals supported voting rights for women. Link it with democratic expansion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई कट्टरपंथी महिलाओं को वोट देने के अधिकार के पक्ष में थे। इसे लोकतांत्रिक विस्तार से जोड़ें।
A. बड़े जमींदारों और धनी कारखाना मालिकों के/Big landowners and wealthy factory owners
Step 1
Concept
Radicals opposed the privileges of some wealthy groups. Link it with social equality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बड़े जमींदारों और धनी कारखाना मालिकों के / Big landowners and wealthy factory owners. Radicals opposed the privileges of some wealthy groups. Link it with social equality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी कुछ धनी समूहों के विशेषाधिकारों का विरोध करते थे। इसे सामाजिक समानता से जोड़ें।
A. नहीं वे कुछ हाथों में संपत्ति के केंद्रीकरण के विरोधी थे/No they opposed concentration of property in few hands
Step 1
Concept
Radicals opposed unequal concentration not private property itself. Remember this difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नहीं वे कुछ हाथों में संपत्ति के केंद्रीकरण के विरोधी थे / No they opposed concentration of property in few hands. Radicals opposed unequal concentration not private property itself. Remember this difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी निजी संपत्ति के नहीं बल्कि असमान केंद्रीकरण के विरोधी थे। यह अंतर याद रखें।
A. बदलाव जरूरी हो सकता है लेकिन धीरे धीरे होना चाहिए/Change may be necessary but should happen slowly
Step 1
Concept
Conservatives accepted slow and careful change. Link it with respect for tradition.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बदलाव जरूरी हो सकता है लेकिन धीरे धीरे होना चाहिए / Change may be necessary but should happen slowly. Conservatives accepted slow and careful change. Link it with respect for tradition.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रूढ़िवादियों ने धीरे और सावधानी से बदलाव स्वीकार किया। इसे परंपरा के सम्मान से जोड़ें।
A. धीरे और अतीत का सम्मान करते हुए/Slowly and with respect for the past
Step 1
Concept
Conservatives wanted change while preserving the past. Call it cautious reform.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धीरे और अतीत का सम्मान करते हुए / Slowly and with respect for the past. Conservatives wanted change while preserving the past. Call it cautious reform.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रूढ़िवादी अतीत को सुरक्षित रखते हुए बदलाव चाहते थे। इसे सावधान सुधार कहें।
A. कारखाना मालिकों और उद्योगपतियों की/Factory owners and industrialists
Step 1
Concept
Factory owners became powerful in industrial society. In exams remember industry and capital together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारखाना मालिकों और उद्योगपतियों की / Factory owners and industrialists. Factory owners became powerful in industrial society. In exams remember industry and capital together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारखाना मालिक औद्योगिक समाज में शक्तिशाली हुए। परीक्षा में उद्योग और पूंजी को साथ याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि इससे मालिक मजदूरों के श्रम से लाभ कमाते थे/Because owners earned profit from workers' labour
Step 1
Concept
Socialists believed private property created exploitation. Link it with worker owner relations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे मालिक मजदूरों के श्रम से लाभ कमाते थे / Because owners earned profit from workers' labour. Socialists believed private property created exploitation. Link it with worker owner relations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवादी मानते थे कि निजी संपत्ति शोषण को जन्म देती है। इसे मजदूर और मालिक संबंध से जोड़ें।
A. सामूहिक हित और समानता वाला समाज/A society of collective interest and equality
Step 1
Concept
Socialists wanted society to be more equal and based on collective interest. Link it with social justice.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामूहिक हित और समानता वाला समाज / A society of collective interest and equality. Socialists wanted society to be more equal and based on collective interest. Link it with social justice.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवादी समाज को अधिक समान और सामूहिक हित वाला बनाना चाहते थे। इसे सामाजिक न्याय से जोड़ें।
Robert Owen supported cooperative communities. In exams link him with socialist experiments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सहकारी समुदाय / Cooperative communities. Robert Owen supported cooperative communities. In exams link him with socialist experiments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रॉबर्ट ओवेन सहकारी समुदायों के समर्थक थे। परीक्षा में उन्हें समाजवादी प्रयोग से जोड़ें।
Owen experimented with a cooperative community. Link it with socialist alternative society.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सहकारी समुदाय / Cooperative community. Owen experimented with a cooperative community. Link it with socialist alternative society.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ओवेन ने सहकारी समुदाय का प्रयोग किया। इसे समाजवादी वैकल्पिक समाज से जोड़ें।
A. सरकार द्वारा प्रोत्साहित सहकारी संस्थाएं/Cooperatives encouraged by the government
Step 1
Concept
Louis Blanc wanted the government to encourage cooperatives. Link it with workers' interests.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकार द्वारा प्रोत्साहित सहकारी संस्थाएं / Cooperatives encouraged by the government. Louis Blanc wanted the government to encourage cooperatives. Link it with workers' interests.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लुई ब्लां चाहते थे कि सरकार सहकारी संस्थाओं को बढ़ावा दे। इसे कामगार हित से जोड़ें।
A. लोग मिलकर काम करें और लाभ साझा करें/People work together and share gains
Step 1
Concept
Cooperatives were based on partnership and shared gains. Treat them as a socialist alternative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लोग मिलकर काम करें और लाभ साझा करें / People work together and share gains. Cooperatives were based on partnership and shared gains. Treat them as a socialist alternative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सहकारी संस्थाएं साझेदारी और साझा लाभ पर आधारित थीं। इन्हें समाजवादी विकल्प मानें।
A. पूंजीपतियों और मजदूरों के बीच/Between capitalists and workers
Step 1
Concept
Marx emphasized the conflict between capitalists and workers. Link it with class struggle.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजीपतियों और मजदूरों के बीच / Between capitalists and workers. Marx emphasized the conflict between capitalists and workers. Link it with class struggle.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मार्क्स ने पूंजीपति और मजदूर के संघर्ष पर जोर दिया। इसे वर्ग संघर्ष से जोड़ें।
A. मजदूरों के श्रम का उपयोग करके/By using workers' labour
Step 1
Concept
According to Marx workers laboured and capitalists took profit. Link it with exploitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूरों के श्रम का उपयोग करके / By using workers' labour. According to Marx workers laboured and capitalists took profit. Link it with exploitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मार्क्स के अनुसार मजदूर श्रम करते थे और पूंजीपति लाभ लेते थे। इसे शोषण से जोड़ें।
Marx and Engels were major names in socialist thought. Link them with the working class.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समाजवाद और साम्यवाद / Socialism and communism. Marx and Engels were major names in socialist thought. Link them with the working class.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मार्क्स और एंगेल्स समाजवादी विचार के प्रमुख नाम थे। उन्हें मजदूर वर्ग से जोड़ें।
A. कम काम के घंटे और बेहतर मजदूरी/Shorter working hours and better wages
Step 1
Concept
Workers wanted better working conditions. In exams remember hours and wages.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कम काम के घंटे और बेहतर मजदूरी / Shorter working hours and better wages. Workers wanted better working conditions. In exams remember hours and wages.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूर काम की बेहतर शर्तें चाहते थे। परीक्षा में घंटे और मजदूरी याद रखें।
A. समाजवादी दलों और मजदूर संगठनों से/Socialist parties and workers' organizations
Step 1
Concept
The Second International was a platform of socialist and workers' organizations. Link it with international labour unity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समाजवादी दलों और मजदूर संगठनों से / Socialist parties and workers' organizations. The Second International was a platform of socialist and workers' organizations. Link it with international labour unity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सेकंड इंटरनेशनल समाजवादी और मजदूर संगठनों का मंच था। इसे अंतरराष्ट्रीय मजदूर एकता से जोड़ें।
A. समाज में असमानता और शोषण कम करना/To reduce inequality and exploitation in society
Step 1
Concept
Socialism emphasized equality and workers' interests. Link it with social justice.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समाज में असमानता और शोषण कम करना / To reduce inequality and exploitation in society. Socialism emphasized equality and workers' interests. Link it with social justice.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवाद समानता और मजदूर हितों पर जोर देता था। इसे सामाजिक न्याय से जोड़ें।
A. वंशानुगत विशेषाधिकार और निरंकुश शासन/Hereditary privilege and absolute rule
Step 1
Concept
Both disagreed with old privileges. Their difference lay in views on democracy and property.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वंशानुगत विशेषाधिकार और निरंकुश शासन / Hereditary privilege and absolute rule. Both disagreed with old privileges. Their difference lay in views on democracy and property.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दोनों पुराने विशेषाधिकारों से असहमत थे। फर्क उनके लोकतंत्र और संपत्ति पर विचारों में था।
A. मताधिकार और लोकतंत्र का विस्तार/Extension of suffrage and democracy
Step 1
Concept
Radicals were more supportive of wider suffrage. Liberals wanted more limited political rights.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मताधिकार और लोकतंत्र का विस्तार / Extension of suffrage and democracy. Radicals were more supportive of wider suffrage. Liberals wanted more limited political rights.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी व्यापक मताधिकार के अधिक समर्थक थे। उदारवादी अधिक सीमित राजनीतिक अधिकार चाहते थे।
A. मजदूरों की कठिन कामकाजी दशा/Difficult working conditions of workers
Step 1
Concept
Industrialization brought workers' problems forward. Link it with the rise of socialist ideas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूरों की कठिन कामकाजी दशा / Difficult working conditions of workers. Industrialization brought workers' problems forward. Link it with the rise of socialist ideas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
औद्योगीकरण से मजदूरों की समस्याएं सामने आईं। इसे समाजवादी विचारों के उदय से जोड़ें।
A. सामूहिक स्वामित्व और सामाजिक हित/Collective ownership and social interest
Step 1
Concept
Socialists valued collective interest more than private profit. Link it with equality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामूहिक स्वामित्व और सामाजिक हित / Collective ownership and social interest. Socialists valued collective interest more than private profit. Link it with equality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवादी सामूहिक हित को निजी लाभ से अधिक महत्व देते थे। इसे समानता से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि इससे शासक की मनमानी सीमित होती थी/Because it limited the ruler's arbitrariness
Step 1
Concept
Rule of law stops arbitrary rule. Treat it as central to liberal politics.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे शासक की मनमानी सीमित होती थी / Because it limited the ruler's arbitrariness. Rule of law stops arbitrary rule. Treat it as central to liberal politics.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कानून का शासन मनमाने शासन को रोकता है। इसे उदारवादी राजनीति का केंद्र मानें।
A. क्योंकि इससे संपत्ति कुछ लोगों के हाथ में सीमित हो जाती थी/Because property became limited to a few people
Step 1
Concept
Radicals opposed unequal distribution of property. Link it with social economic equality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इससे संपत्ति कुछ लोगों के हाथ में सीमित हो जाती थी / Because property became limited to a few people. Radicals opposed unequal distribution of property. Link it with social economic equality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी असमान संपत्ति वितरण के विरोधी थे। इसे सामाजिक आर्थिक समानता से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि वे परंपराओं को समाज की स्थिरता से जोड़ते थे/Because they linked traditions with social stability
Step 1
Concept
Conservatives valued tradition and stability. In exams write slow change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे परंपराओं को समाज की स्थिरता से जोड़ते थे / Because they linked traditions with social stability. Conservatives valued tradition and stability. In exams write slow change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रूढ़िवादी परंपरा और स्थिरता को महत्व देते थे। परीक्षा में धीरे बदलाव लिखें।
A. उनकी समस्याएं केवल व्यक्तिगत नहीं बल्कि सामाजिक और आर्थिक थीं/Their problems were not only personal but social and economic
Step 1
Concept
Socialism connected workers' problems with social structure. Link it with class and exploitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उनकी समस्याएं केवल व्यक्तिगत नहीं बल्कि सामाजिक और आर्थिक थीं / Their problems were not only personal but social and economic. Socialism connected workers' problems with social structure. Link it with class and exploitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवाद ने मजदूर समस्याओं को सामाजिक ढांचे से जोड़ा। इसे वर्ग और शोषण से जोड़ें।
Marx believed workers would change capitalism. Link it with the idea of socialist society.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. समाजवादी समाज से / By a socialist society. Marx believed workers would change capitalism. Link it with the idea of socialist society.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मार्क्स मानते थे कि मजदूर पूंजीवाद को बदलेंगे। इसे समाजवादी समाज की कल्पना से जोड़ें।
A. मजदूरों के हितों की रक्षा करना/To protect workers' interests
Step 1
Concept
Workers' unions formed for better wages and working conditions. Link them with labour rights.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूरों के हितों की रक्षा करना / To protect workers' interests. Workers' unions formed for better wages and working conditions. Link them with labour rights.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूर संघ बेहतर मजदूरी और काम की शर्तों के लिए बने। इन्हें श्रमिक अधिकारों से जोड़ें।
Socialist parties were linked with workers' interests. Keep the working class at the center in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूर वर्ग / Working class. Socialist parties were linked with workers' interests. Keep the working class at the center in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समाजवादी दल मजदूरों के हितों से जुड़े थे। परीक्षा में मजदूर वर्ग को केंद्र में रखें।
A. औद्योगिक समाज की असमानता और शोषण/Inequality and exploitation in industrial society
Step 1
Concept
Industrialization increased inequality and worker exploitation. Socialism opposed this.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. औद्योगिक समाज की असमानता और शोषण / Inequality and exploitation in industrial society. Industrialization increased inequality and worker exploitation. Socialism opposed this.
Step 3
Exam Tip
औद्योगीकरण ने असमानता और मजदूर शोषण बढ़ाया। समाजवाद ने इसी का विरोध किया।
A. क्योंकि नए राजनीतिक विचार और मजदूर आंदोलन उभरे/Because new political ideas and workers' movements emerged
Step 1
Concept
Ideas like liberalism radicalism and socialism spread in this period. Call it an age of change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि नए राजनीतिक विचार और मजदूर आंदोलन उभरे / Because new political ideas and workers' movements emerged. Ideas like liberalism radicalism and socialism spread in this period. Call it an age of change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
इस काल में उदारवाद कट्टरपंथ और समाजवाद जैसे विचार फैले। इसे परिवर्तन का युग कहें।
A. स्वतंत्रता और कानून आधारित सुधारों का समर्थक/Supporter of liberty and law based reforms
Step 1
Concept
Liberals wanted liberty and law based government. Link it with parliamentary system.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्वतंत्रता और कानून आधारित सुधारों का समर्थक / Supporter of liberty and law based reforms. Liberals wanted liberty and law based government. Link it with parliamentary system.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी स्वतंत्रता और कानून आधारित शासन चाहते थे। इसे संसदीय व्यवस्था से जोड़ें।
A. गहरे और व्यापक बदलाव का समर्थक/Supporter of deep and broad change
Step 1
Concept
Radicals wanted wider change. Link them with demands for majority rule and equality.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. गहरे और व्यापक बदलाव का समर्थक / Supporter of deep and broad change. Radicals wanted wider change. Link them with demands for majority rule and equality.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कट्टरपंथी अधिक व्यापक बदलाव चाहते थे। इन्हें बहुमत और समानता की मांग से जोड़ें।
A. परंपरा और धीरे बदलाव का समर्थक/Supporter of tradition and slow change
Step 1
Concept
Conservatives respected the past and tradition. They were cautious about rapid change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परंपरा और धीरे बदलाव का समर्थक / Supporter of tradition and slow change. Conservatives respected the past and tradition. They were cautious about rapid change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
रूढ़िवादी अतीत और परंपरा का सम्मान करते थे। वे तेज बदलाव से सावधान रहते थे।
A. तीनों समाज और राजनीति के भविष्य पर अलग दृष्टि रखती थीं/All three had different visions for the future of society and politics
Step 1
Concept
Liberals radicals and conservatives had different views on change. This was the debate of the age.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. तीनों समाज और राजनीति के भविष्य पर अलग दृष्टि रखती थीं / All three had different visions for the future of society and politics. Liberals radicals and conservatives had different views on change. This was the debate of the age.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उदारवादी कट्टरपंथी और रूढ़िवादी बदलाव पर अलग मत रखते थे। यही युग की बहस थी।
A. इसमें लोग मिलकर स्वामित्व और लाभ साझा कर सकते थे/People could jointly own and share gains in it
Step 1
Concept
A cooperative was based on shared ownership and shared gains. Link it with the socialist alternative system.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसमें लोग मिलकर स्वामित्व और लाभ साझा कर सकते थे / People could jointly own and share gains in it. A cooperative was based on shared ownership and shared gains. Link it with the socialist alternative system.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सहकारी संस्था साझे स्वामित्व और साझा लाभ पर आधारित थी। इसे समाजवादी वैकल्पिक व्यवस्था से जोड़ें।
