Liberals and radicals both criticized which old system?

Hereditary privilege and absolute rule

Both liberals and radicals challenged the old political and social order based on inherited privilege, aristocratic dominance, and absolute monarchy. They believed that birth should not automatically determine a person's political rights or social position. Their shared criticism, therefore, was directed at hereditary privilege and arbitrary rule, making option A correct. However, they were not identical groups. Liberals generally supported constitutional government, civil freedoms, private property, and limited political participation, while radicals demanded broader democracy and more extensive social and political reform. Option B is wrong because workers' unions were reform movements rather than the old system being criticised; option C was generally a desired institution; and option D was a later reform demand, not the common old order itself.

This is a Class 9 History question. Chapter: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. Topic: The Age of Social Change.