History
Forest Transformations in Java
Practice questions
Why is the Kalang community remembered in the forest history of Java?Why did the Dutch suppress the Kalang resistance at Joana in 1770?Which freedom of Java villagers was most affected by Dutch forest laws?Why was transporting wood without permission made punishable in Java?What do rules about taking carts on forest roads in Java show?What did controlling animal grazing under Dutch forest rules in Java mean?In the blandongdiensten system what did villagers get rent exemption in exchange for?Why can blandongdiensten be called a system of labour control?What was the relation of buffalo service with the teak forest system in Java?What double impact did Dutch forest control have on Java villagers?What was the main question of Surontiko Samin's movement?What did the Samin followers' refusal to pay taxes indicate?What does lying on the ground by Samin followers during Dutch land survey show?Why did the Samin movement oppose state ownership over land and forests?What was similar between Dutch teak control in Java and British commercial forestry in India?What was the aim of the Dutch scorched earth policy during the First World War?What does destroying sawmills and teak logs under scorched earth policy show?How did Japanese occupation during the Second World War affect Java's forests?Making villagers cut forests under Japanese rule is an example of what?What do we understand from villagers clearing forests to expand cultivation during Japanese occupation?