Population Growth

The direct answer is A: the population may increase. Births add new people to a population, while people leaving the area through emigration reduce the population of that area. If births are high and fewer people leave, the two stated factors work in the direction of population increase. The word “may” is important because deaths and immigration can also affect the final result; however, using the information given, an increase is the reasonable outcome. A is correct because high births add members and low out-migration removes fewer members. B is wrong because the stated conditions do not point to an unavoidable decline. C is wrong because a death rate cannot become infinite from these facts. D is wrong because demographic change does not alter the physical area to zero. Population change is best understood by considering births, deaths, immigration, and emigration together. Memory cue: births and arrivals add; deaths and departures subtract.

The direct answer is A: the population may decrease. Low births add fewer new people, and high emigration removes people from the area. These two factors both tend to reduce population size. The word “may” is accurate because deaths and immigration also influence the final population, but no information here guarantees that immigration or births elsewhere will offset the loss. A is correct because it matches the combined effect of fewer additions and more departures. B is wrong because the stated conditions do not support an inevitable increase. C is wrong because people leaving does not guarantee that many people will enter; emigration and immigration are separate movements. D is wrong because low births and out-migration do not make deaths zero. A useful population balance is: change depends on births minus deaths plus immigration minus emigration. Memory cue: fewer births plus more departures is a warning sign for population decline.

The direct answer is A: immigrants. Immigration means movement into a place, so people who come into an area from another place are called immigrants in the receiving area. Their arrival can increase the population of the area they enter. A is correct because it names incoming people. B is wrong because emigrants are people who leave their original area; the same person can be an emigrant from the place they leave and an immigrant in the place they enter. C is wrong because deaths refer to people who have died, not to movement into an area. D is wrong because area means the amount of land or space, not a group of people. Understanding direction is essential: immigration is inward movement, while emigration is outward movement. Memory cue: immigrant has “in” as the key idea—an immigrant comes in.

The direct answer is B: emigrants. Emigration means moving out of a place, so people who leave an area for another place are called emigrants from the area they leave. B is correct because it identifies outward movement. A is wrong in this context because immigrants are people entering a new area; the same person may be an emigrant from the old area and an immigrant in the receiving area. C is wrong because births are the addition of new people through being born, not movement away. D is wrong because infants are very young children and the word does not describe direction of movement. In population accounting, emigration reduces the population of the place of departure, while immigration increases the population of the receiving place. Memory cue: “emigration” means exit or movement out; “immigration” means movement in. Always identify the reference area before choosing the term.

Direct answer: A, births and deaths. Population change has two broad parts: natural change and migration. Natural change is found by subtracting deaths from births during a given period. If births are greater than deaths, natural increase is positive; if deaths are greater, it is negative. Immigration means people entering an area, while emigration means people leaving it, so these belong to migration, not natural change. A is correct because births add people and deaths remove people through natural events. B is wrong because immigration and emigration are migration components. C describes measures or physical area, not population-change components. D describes environmental conditions, which may influence people but are not the natural components in this formula. Memory cue: natural change = births − deaths; migration is kept separate.

Direct answer: A, family size and birth rate. Social awareness gives people information about health, education, the responsibilities of parenthood, and family-planning choices. With better awareness, families may decide to have fewer children or to space births, so the average family size and birth rate can change. A is correct because these are demographic outcomes connected with decisions made by people. B is wrong because awareness does not change the physical length of a river. C is wrong because the height of a mountain is a physical landform feature and is not determined by family decisions. D is wrong because soil colour is a natural soil property, not a direct population-growth indicator. The question asks what awareness can affect, not what it must affect in every family. Memory cue: awareness influences human choices; it does not reshape landforms.

Direct answer: A, the number of children and families may increase. Schools provide education to children, so planning for schools depends partly on the number and age structure of the population. Rapid population growth can add more families and more school-age children over time, increasing the need for classrooms, teachers, books, and other facilities. A is correct because it gives the relevant demographic reason. B is wrong: river numbers or size do not explain demand for schools. C is unrelated to educational demand and is not a consequence of population growth. D is the opposite of the likely situation; rapid growth is not explained by a birth rate that is always zero. The word “may” matters because the exact need also depends on migration, age distribution, attendance, and existing school capacity. Memory cue: more school-age children usually means greater education planning.

Direct answer: A, future demand may increase slowly. Population growth describes how the number of people changes over time; it does not mean that services become unnecessary. If growth is slow, planners may expect a more gradual rise in demand for schools, health care, housing, transport, water, and employment, while still maintaining present services. A is correct because it links the growth rate with the pace of future demand without making an absolute claim. B is wrong because people still need services even when population growth is slow. C is wrong because a population can still be counted and studied. D is wrong because slow growth does not prove that migration has stopped; births, deaths, immigration, and emigration may all contribute. Memory cue: slow growth means slower change, not zero need and not zero planning.

Direct answer: A. A useful accounting formula is: total population change = (births − deaths) + net migration. First calculate natural increase by subtracting deaths from births. Then add net migration, where net migration means immigrants minus emigrants. For example, if births are 1,000, deaths are 600, and net migration is −100, total change is (1,000 − 600) + (−100) = 300. A is correct because it includes both natural change and movement of people. B combines unrelated physical measurements. C combines a population measure with a soil feature and has no population-growth meaning. D is also not a demographic formula. Be careful: a negative net-migration value must be added with its sign, which effectively subtracts people. Memory cue: natural change first, migration second.

The direct answer is A: total growth is 1,000 people. Solve it in two clear steps. First calculate natural increase: births minus deaths = 3,500 − 2,100 = 1,400. Next calculate net migration: in-migrants minus out-migrants = 600 − 1,000 = −400, meaning the area lost 400 people through migration. Add the two components: 1,400 + (−400) = 1,000. Option B is only the natural increase and ignores migration. Option C incorrectly adds the two migration figures or combines the components wrongly. Option D adds all numbers without considering that deaths and out-migration reduce population. Memory cue: total growth = (births − deaths) + (in-migration − out-migration); people entering add, while deaths and departures subtract.

The correct answer is A: the absolute increase is 9 lakh and the percentage growth is 20%. First find the numerical change: final population minus initial population equals 54 lakh minus 45 lakh, which is 9 lakh. Next compare this increase with the original population, because percentage growth is calculated using the initial value as the base. Thus, percentage growth = (9 ÷ 45) × 100 = 20%. Option A gives both results correctly. B is wrong because 9 lakh is not 10% of 45 lakh; it is one-fifth, or 20%. C is wrong because 54 lakh is the final population, not the increase. D is wrong because 99 lakh is the sum of the two populations, not their difference, and 9% is also incorrect. Memory cue: subtract first, then divide the increase by the starting population and multiply by 100.

The correct answer is A. The final population is smaller than the initial population, so this is a decrease. The absolute decrease is 70 lakh − 63 lakh = 7 lakh. To calculate the percentage decrease, use the initial population as the base: (7 ÷ 70) × 100 = 10%. Therefore, the population declined by 7 lakh, or 10%. B is wrong because it calls a fall an increase. C is wrong because 63 lakh is the final population, not the amount of change. D is wrong because 133 lakh is obtained by adding the two figures, whereas change requires subtraction. Notice that the word ‘decrease’ or ‘decline’ is essential here. Memory cue: when the final value is lower, subtract final from initial and describe the result as a decrease, not growth.

The direct answer is C: in-migration. In-migration means people entering a place from another place. When many workers move into a town for employment, they are added to the town’s population. This can produce population growth even when the number of births is low. To solve the question, identify the process that adds residents from outside: it is in-migration. A death rate removes people and cannot be the source of growth. B, the area of the town, may affect density or available space, but changing area does not automatically add residents. D, rainfall may influence activities such as farming, but it is not a demographic component in this calculation. Memory cue: in-migration means “in,” so people come in and increase the local total.

The direct answer is A: 800 people. Absolute growth is the actual numerical increase, so subtract the initial population from the final population. Final population = 8,800 and initial population = 8,000. Therefore, absolute growth = 8,800 − 8,000 = 800. Option A gives this difference. B is the starting population, not the increase. C is the final population, not the amount added. D comes from adding the two population figures, but addition does not measure growth. The formula is: absolute growth = final population − initial population. This measure is different from percentage growth, which compares the increase with the initial population. Memory cue: absolute growth asks, “How many people were added?”

The direct answer is B: 20%. First find the absolute increase: 4,800 − 4,000 = 800. Percentage growth uses the initial population as the base, so calculate (increase ÷ initial population) × 100. Thus, (800 ÷ 4,000) × 100 = 0.2 × 100 = 20%. A would represent an increase of only 400 people from the base of 4,000. C would require an increase of 1,000, and D would require an increase of 1,600. The common mistake is dividing by the new population; percentage growth normally uses the starting population. Memory cue: find the change, divide by the beginning, then multiply by 100.

Correct answer: C, in the village. Growth rate is calculated as the increase divided by the original population, multiplied by 100. The village increased by 100 people: 100 ÷ 200 × 100 = 50%. The city increased by 1,000 people: 1,000 ÷ 20,000 × 100 = 5%. Therefore, the city added more people in absolute number, but the village grew faster in proportion to its original population. Option A is wrong because it confuses the larger numerical increase with the higher rate. Option B is wrong because 50% and 5% are not equal. Option C is correct because 50% is greater than 5%. Option D is wrong because both places experienced measurable positive growth. Memory cue: rate asks “how large is the increase compared with the starting population?”

Correct answer: D, in the city. Absolute growth means the actual number added, not the percentage increase. The village changed from 200 to 300, so its absolute growth is 300 − 200 = 100 people. The city changed from 20,000 to 21,000, so its absolute growth is 21,000 − 20,000 = 1,000 people. Thus, the city added ten times as many people as the village, even though its percentage growth was lower. Option A is wrong because the village has the higher percentage rate, not the higher absolute increase. Option B is wrong because 100 and 1,000 are different. Option C is wrong because both populations changed. Option D is correct because 1,000 is greater than 100. Memory cue: absolute growth asks “how many people were added?”

Correct answer: A. A positive growth rate means that the population is still increasing. If the rate falls from, for example, 3% to 1%, growth has become slower, but it has not become negative. The population can therefore continue to rise, though more slowly than before. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because an immediate decline requires a negative growth rate, not merely a lower positive rate. Option C is wrong because a declining rate does not make the population zero. Option D is wrong because a positive rate remains measurable. The key distinction is between the size of the rate and its sign: a smaller positive number still indicates increase. Memory cue: “falling rate” describes speed; “negative rate” describes direction.

Direct answer: A, pressure on resources will increase. Rapid population growth usually raises the need for food, drinking water, land, housing, energy, education, health care and employment. If the available resources are limited, more people are competing for or depending on the same supply. This can create shortages, higher use, environmental stress and pressure on public services, although the exact result depends on planning and technology. A is correct because it follows directly from rising demand and limited supply. B is wrong because population growth cannot make a finite resource unlimited. C is wrong because more people generally increase, rather than end, demand for goods and services. D is wrong because growth does not automatically cause a rapid decline; decline would require different demographic conditions. Memory cue: more people plus fixed supply means greater pressure, not more resources.

Direct answer: A, sanitation and environmental pressure will rise. A larger population generally produces more household and commercial waste. If collection, separation, treatment and safe disposal do not expand or function properly, waste can accumulate in public places, block drains, create unpleasant conditions and increase risks to sanitation and the environment. The exact health effect depends on many local factors, but the pressure on management systems clearly increases. A is correct because it combines the two causes in the question. B is wrong because waste does not disappear automatically; it requires collection, treatment, reuse, recycling or safe disposal. C is wrong because poor waste management cannot make the population zero. D is wrong because growing populations need effective services even more, not less. Memory cue: more people create more waste, and weak management turns it into a public problem.

Direct answer: A, rapid growth and few health centres. Health services have a limited capacity: clinics, hospitals, health workers, medicines and equipment can serve only a certain number of patients at a time. Rapid population growth increases the number of people who may need these services. When the number of centres is already low, demand can exceed capacity, leading to crowded facilities, longer waits and reduced access. A is correct because it combines rapidly rising demand with weak supply. B is wrong because slow growth and adequate hospitals make pressure less likely. C is wrong because population decline and strong infrastructure generally reduce pressure, other things being equal. D is wrong because stable population and high facilities indicate better capacity. Memory cue: fastest pressure occurs when demand rises quickly while service capacity is low.

Direct answer: Option A, three lakh, is correct. Absolute growth means the actual numerical increase in population, not a percentage and not the total population. To find it, identify the current population and the previous population. Then subtract the earlier value from the later value: 18 lakh − 15 lakh = 3 lakh. Option A is correct because it gives this difference. Option B is wrong because it is only the previous population. Option C is wrong because it is the current population, not the increase. Option D is wrong because it adds the two populations instead of finding the change. Memory cue: absolute growth means “how many more,” so use current minus previous.

Direct answer: B, twenty-five percent. Begin by finding the increase in population: current population − previous population = 25 lakh − 20 lakh = 5 lakh. Growth percentage compares this increase with the previous population, because the previous population is the starting base. Apply the formula: (increase ÷ previous population) × 100 = (5 ÷ 20) × 100 = one-fourth × 100 = 25%. A is wrong because 5 lakh is not 20% of 20 lakh; 20% would be 4 lakh. C is wrong because it mistakes the numerical increase, 5 lakh, for 5 percent. D is wrong because 50% of 20 lakh would be 10 lakh, twice the actual increase. Memory cue: always divide the change by the old value, then multiply by 100.

Direct answer: Option C, the population will increase, is correct. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are added through births than are removed through deaths. This creates a positive natural increase. Migration is zero, so no people are added or lost through movement; the birth-and-death balance alone determines the change. Option A is wrong because the birth rate is not lower than the death rate. Option B is impossible from the information given; a positive increase does not make a population zero. Option D is wrong because population can still be measured. Memory cue: births greater than deaths means natural growth is positive.

Direct answer: Option C, growth over ten years, is correct. The word “decadal” is related to “decade,” and a decade means ten years. Therefore, decadal population growth is the change in population measured over a ten-year period, often by comparing the population at the beginning and end of that period. Option A is wrong because one year is an annual period. Option B is wrong because five years is only half a decade. Option D is wrong because twenty years contains two decades, not one. The term describes the time interval; the actual change may be calculated as an absolute number or percentage. Memory cue: decade = ten, so decadal = ten-year.