Population Growth

Correct answer: A. Number of births per thousand population

Direct answer: A. Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand people during a specified period, commonly one year. In a basic school formula, crude birth rate = live births during the year divided by the mid-year population, multiplied by 1,000. The per-thousand basis allows comparison between places with different population sizes. B is death rate because it counts deaths per thousand population. C is population density, which measures people in relation to land area, usually per square kilometre. D is not a demographic rate at all and does not measure births. A total number of babies alone is not enough for a rate unless it is related to the population and time period. Memory cue: birth rate counts births; death rate counts deaths; density counts people per area.

Correct answer: B. Number of deaths per thousand population

Direct answer: B. Death rate records the number of deaths per thousand people in a stated period, commonly one year. It relates deaths to the size of the population, so it is a rate rather than just a total count. In a simple form, death rate = deaths during the period divided by the population, multiplied by 1,000. A is birth rate because it counts births, not deaths. C is an area measurement and tells how much land a region covers; it is not a demographic rate. D describes population density, which relates population to land area, not deaths to population. A lower death rate can contribute to natural population growth if the birth rate stays higher, but death rate itself only measures mortality. Memory cue: “death” in death rate means count deaths per thousand.

Correct answer: A. Percentage

Direct answer: A, percentage. A growth rate expresses how much a quantity changes compared with its earlier or starting population, so it is commonly written as a proportion out of 100. For example, a rate of 2% means an increase equal to two out of every hundred of the reference population over the stated period. B, kilogram, measures mass; it is not a population-growth form. C, metre, measures length or distance. D, litre, measures volume. Population itself may be counted in persons, and some demographic rates may be expressed per thousand, but the general growth rate is commonly represented as a percentage. Read the time period carefully because a percentage must refer to a stated period such as a year or a decade. Memory cue: growth compared with the original amount is usually shown with the percent sign (%).

Correct answer: B. Ten years

Direct answer: B, ten years. “Decadal” comes from “decade,” and one decade is a period of ten years. Therefore, decadal population growth compares population at two points separated by ten years or describes the increase during that ten-year period. A is wrong because five years is a half-decade, not a decade. C is wrong because twenty years contains two decades. D is wrong because one year describes annual growth, not decadal growth. In population studies, the exact dates and comparison method should be read carefully, but the time meaning of “decadal” remains ten years. Memory cue: decade = ten; therefore decadal = related to ten years. Do not confuse “annual” with “decadal”: annual means one year, while decadal means ten years.

Correct answer: A. Census data

Direct answer: A, Census data. A Census is an organized official counting and recording of the population at a particular time. When census figures from different years are compared, we can find whether population has increased, decreased, or changed slowly, and we can calculate growth over that period. B, a weather song, is not a reliable population record. C, a tourism poster may show places or attractions but normally does not provide complete population counts. D, a story book may contain imaginary or selected characters and is not designed to measure a population. Census information can also include characteristics such as age, sex, and occupation, depending on the census, but its basic value here is comparable population data. Memory cue: for official population numbers, look for the Census.

Correct answer: A. Death rate may decrease

Direct answer: A, death rate may decrease. Better health services can provide diagnosis, treatment, medicines, vaccination, trained care, and safer support during illness, so some preventable deaths may be avoided. The logical chain is: improved care helps protect health; healthier people have a better chance of surviving disease; fewer deaths can lower the death rate, especially when other conditions remain comparable. B is wrong because better services do not normally make death rates always rise. C is wrong because health care does not end births; birth rate and death rate are different measures. D is wrong because improved health services do not make movement between places impossible. The word “may” is important because the final rate also depends on age structure, disease, living conditions, and other factors. Memory cue: better care can mean fewer deaths.

Correct answer: A. It can improve survival and reduce death rate

Direct answer: A. Better food availability can improve nutrition and survival and may reduce the death rate. Step by step, adequate food supplies energy and nutrients; better nutrition helps the body grow, function, and resist some illnesses; improved health can reduce deaths caused or worsened by undernutrition. If births do not fall by the same amount, a lower death rate can contribute to higher natural population growth. B is wrong because food availability does not stop a Census, which is an official population count. C is wrong because food does not change the physical area of a region. D is wrong because food does not always stop births; birth patterns depend on many social, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. A does not mean food alone guarantees unlimited growth. Memory cue: adequate food supports survival, so it can lower mortality.

Correct answer: A. By increasing awareness and family planning

Direct answer: A, education can increase awareness and the use of family-planning methods. Education gives people knowledge about health, childbirth, the spacing of children, and available public services. With better understanding, families may make informed decisions about the number and timing of children. Over time, this can reduce the pace of population growth; it does not mean that every educated person will choose the same family size. Option A is correct because it describes a realistic social effect of education. Option B is wrong because education cannot increase the physical number of rivers. Option C is wrong because education does not make the death rate infinite; improved education and health knowledge may instead support safer living. Option D is wrong because education does not reduce the geographical area of a place. Memory cue: education increases knowledge, and knowledge supports informed family planning. Do not confuse population growth with the size of land.

Correct answer: A. Education, health and housing

Direct answer: A, high population growth can increase demand for education, health care, and housing. The reason is simple: more people need schools, teachers, hospitals, health workers, homes, water, and other services. If the number of people rises faster than facilities, existing services may become crowded and governments may need to expand them. Option A is correct because all three items are basic human needs and public-service requirements. Option B is wrong because population growth does not automatically increase the depth of a river; river depth depends on physical and hydrological conditions. Option C is wrong because mountains do not become older because more people are born. Option D is wrong because the colour of soil is not a direct measure of population demand. Memory cue: more people usually mean more needs and more pressure on services. This question asks about demand, not about a physical change in nature.

Correct answer: A. Very rapid increase of population

Direct answer: A, population explosion means a very rapid increase in population over a period of time. The word explosion is used as a warning image: the number rises quickly and may place pressure on food, housing, employment, education, health services, and other resources. In population studies, growth is examined through changes in births, deaths, and sometimes migration; an explosion refers especially to an unusually fast rise, not merely to the existence of a large population. Option A is correct because it gives the meaning of the term. Option B is wrong because the end of population would mean disappearance, not explosion. Option C is wrong because death rate measures deaths and is not the definition of population explosion. Option D is wrong because area is a measurement of land, not people. Memory cue: explosion means rapid increase, not simply a large size.

Correct answer: A. Difference between population of two times

Direct answer: A, absolute population growth is the difference between the population at two specified times. Usually, it is calculated as current population minus previous population: absolute growth = present population − earlier population. It gives the actual number of people added or lost, such as 2 lakh people, rather than a percentage. Option A is correct because it states this comparison directly. Option B is wrong because area is land measurement and is unrelated to the number of people added. Option C is wrong because birth rate and literacy are different indicators and are not added to calculate absolute growth. Option D is wrong because forest percentage describes land cover, not population change. If the current population is smaller, the difference indicates a decline. Memory cue: absolute means the actual numerical difference; percentage growth requires an additional calculation using the earlier population.

Correct answer: A. Two lakh

Direct answer: A, two lakh. Absolute growth is calculated by subtracting the previous population from the current population. Step 1: identify the current population, 12 lakh. Step 2: identify the previous population, 10 lakh. Step 3: subtract: 12 lakh − 10 lakh = 2 lakh. Thus, the population increased by two lakh people. Option A is correct because it is the actual difference between the two populations. Option B is wrong because it merely repeats the previous population. Option C is wrong because it repeats the current population, not the increase. Option D is wrong because it adds the two values, 10 lakh + 12 lakh = 22 lakh; growth is found by difference, not by adding both totals. The question asks for absolute growth, not percentage growth, so no division or multiplication by 100 is needed. Memory cue: current minus previous gives absolute increase.

Correct answer: A. Slow or stable

Direct answer: A, population growth can be slow or relatively stable when both birth and death rates are low. The key is not just the individual rates but the difference between them. If births and deaths are both low and fairly close, natural increase is small, so the population changes slowly. Option A is correct because it allows for a gradual or nearly stable pattern. Option B is wrong because low birth rates do not normally produce definite rapid growth. Option C is wrong because no real population rate becomes infinite in this situation. Option D is wrong because low death rates do not automatically make growth negative; growth may be positive, zero, or negative depending on the exact relationship between births, deaths, and migration. Migration can also influence the total population. Memory cue: low birth plus low death often means slow change, but always compare the two rates rather than assuming the result.

Correct answer: A. Future education, health and resource planning

Direct answer: A, future education, health and resource planning. Population growth means a change in the number of people over time. Planners study whether the population is increasing, decreasing, or remaining nearly stable. They also consider the expected number of children, working-age people, and older people. If the population is likely to grow, the government may need more schools, classrooms, teachers, hospitals, health workers, houses, jobs, water supply, food, transport, and other facilities. Step by step, population data shows the likely number of people; planners estimate their needs; then they arrange money, land, staff, and services. Option A is correct because it connects population information with practical future planning. Option B is wrong because naming mountains is unrelated to population trends. Option C is wrong because weather songs are not a planning requirement. Option D is wrong because colouring pictures does not use population-growth information. Memory cue: population growth tells planners how many people may need services in the future.

Correct answer: A. The population is increasing slowly or is nearly stable

Direct answer: A. A low population growth rate means that the yearly change is small compared with the population already present. The population may still increase, but it increases slowly; in some situations it may be nearly stable. To understand this, compare the change with the starting population rather than looking only at the number added. For example, adding a small number to a large population may produce a low percentage rate. Option A is correct because it describes slow increase or near stability. Option B is wrong because rapid increase indicates a high growth rate. Option C is wrong because doubling in a short period suggests rapid growth. Option D is wrong because adding a large number relative to the existing population also indicates a high rate. A low rate does not automatically mean that the population is falling; a decline would require a negative rate. Memory cue: low rate means slow change, not necessarily no change.

Correct answer: A. To control birth rate

Direct answer: A, to control the birth rate. Family planning provides people with information and choices that can help them decide the timing and spacing of children and the size of their family. When families choose to have fewer or more widely spaced births, the number of births in a population may grow more slowly. This can influence population growth and help families plan for health, education, nutrition, and other needs. Option A is correct because birth rate is directly related to the number of births in a population. Option B is wrong because family planning is not intended to make the death rate infinite; that statement is meaningless and harmful. Option C is wrong because migration is movement of people, not weather. Option D is wrong because family planning does not remove the physical area of a place. Memory cue: family planning is linked with planned births and birth rate.

Correct answer: D. Colour of soil

Direct answer: D, colour of soil. Population growth studies how the number of people changes over time. Births add people to a population, deaths remove people, and migration adds or removes people when they enter or leave an area. These processes help explain whether the population increases, decreases, or remains nearly stable. Option A is related because births and deaths directly change population size. Option B is related because immigration and emigration change the number of residents. Option C is related because growth is measured as change during a period of time. Option D is correct because soil colour is a physical characteristic of land, not a basic demographic process used to calculate population growth. Soil and other environmental conditions may sometimes influence settlement or distribution, but soil colour itself is not a direct component of population growth. Memory cue: population change counts people and time, not soil colour.

Correct answer: A. Death rate

Direct answer: A, death rate. Death rate is the number of deaths in a population during a specified period, often expressed in relation to the population size. Better medical facilities can improve diagnosis, treatment, emergency care, and prevention, so fewer people may die from some illnesses or conditions. Therefore the death rate can decrease, although the exact effect depends on many social and health conditions. Option A is correct because it directly describes the outcome stated in the question. Option B is wrong because better medical care does not automatically mean that the birth rate alone decreases; birth rate is connected with births and several social factors. Option C is wrong because medical facilities do not change the physical area of a region. Option D is wrong because hospitals and clinics do not change the number of rivers. The question asks about a demographic rate, not a physical feature. Memory cue: better survival usually means lower death rate.

Correct answer: A. Comparison of different areas

Direct answer: A, comparison of different areas. A percentage expresses the change in relation to the original population, usually per hundred. This is useful because areas may have very different population sizes. For example, an increase of 10,000 people may be large for a small town but small for a huge city. Looking only at the absolute number could therefore give a misleading comparison. A percentage growth rate places the change on a common scale. Option A is correct because it allows population growth in different-sized areas to be compared more fairly. Option B is wrong because river depth is a hydrological measurement, not the purpose of a population percentage. Option C is wrong because percentages do not change soil colour. Option D is wrong because population statistics cannot create mountains. Memory cue: percentage puts different-sized populations on a common scale for comparison.

Correct answer: A. Five lakh

Answer: A, five lakh. To find the absolute increase in population, subtract the previous population from the current population. Here, the current population is 25 lakh and the previous population is 20 lakh. Therefore, increase = 25 lakh − 20 lakh = 5 lakh. This is an absolute change, not a percentage or growth rate. Option A is correct because it gives the difference between the two populations. Option B is the old population, so it is not the increase. Option C is the present population, not the amount added. Option D results from adding 20 lakh and 25 lakh, but population increase is found by subtraction. Memory cue: current population minus previous population gives absolute increase.

Correct answer: A. Birth rate

Answer: A, birth rate. Birth rate is related to the number of live births in a population during a specified period, commonly expressed in relation to the population. If more children are born, the number of births rises, so the birth rate may rise, provided the comparison period and population size are considered. Option A is correct because it directly measures births. Option B is incorrect because death rate measures deaths, not births. Option C is incorrect because literacy rate measures the share of people who can read and write, not the number of babies born. Option D is incorrect because forest area refers to land covered by forests and is not a population rate. Memory cue: births affect birth rate; deaths affect death rate.

Correct answer: A. How much population changed over time

Answer: A, how much the population changed over time. Population growth is studied by comparing the number of people at two or more points in time. The change may be an increase, a decrease, or no change, depending on births, deaths, and migration. Therefore, asking how much the population has changed over time is the most direct question. Option A is correct because it focuses on population and time, the two central ideas. Option B concerns soil colour, a physical characteristic of land. Option C concerns the width of a river, a feature of drainage. Option D concerns the height of a mountain, a relief feature. These are geographical questions, but none measures population growth. Memory cue: population growth always requires people plus comparison through time.

Correct answer: A. Slow growth may occur

Answer: A, slow growth may occur. Population change depends on the balance among births, deaths, and migration. A low death rate means that relatively few people are leaving the population through death. A moderate birth rate means that new people are being added, but not necessarily at a very high rate. If births are greater than deaths and migration does not reverse the effect, the population may grow gradually. Option A is correct because it gives a reasonable conclusion without claiming that growth must be sudden or unlimited. Option B is incorrect because low deaths and births do not make a population immediately zero. Option C is incorrect because population change does not automatically enlarge the physical area. Option D is incorrect because these rates do not prevent a census. Memory cue: compare births and deaths, then consider migration.

Correct answer: A. Increase in demand for resources

Answer: A, an increase in demand for resources. When population grows, more people generally need water, food, housing, energy, transport, education, and health services. Thus, pressure or demand on available resources can increase. This is a possible effect; the exact level depends on consumption, technology, distribution, and management. Option A is correct because it describes a logical social and environmental consequence of having more people. Option B is incorrect because population growth does not automatically change the names of rivers. Option C is incorrect because the age of mountains is not reduced simply by an increase in population. Option D is incorrect because soil colour does not necessarily change whenever population increases. Memory cue: more people usually mean greater demand for essential resources, although demand and actual use are not exactly the same.

Correct answer: A. It shows increase or decrease in population over time

Answer: A. Population growth describes how the size of a population changes over time. In simple terms, it is found by comparing population figures from different times. The change can be positive, meaning an increase, or negative, meaning a decrease; the population can also remain unchanged. Births, deaths, and migration can influence this change. Option A is correct because it includes both increase and decrease and correctly mentions time. Option B is incorrect because forests are a natural resource, not a population measure. Option C is incorrect because river length is a physical feature of drainage. Option D is incorrect because temperature is a climatic element. The word 'growth' should not be understood only as increase in every context; in population studies, the broader idea is change through time. Memory cue: population growth means population change measured over time.