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Subjects

Civics

What makes elections in India free and fair?

भारत में चुनाव स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष कैसे होते हैं?

This Class 9 Civics topic from Electoral Politics explains the features that make elections in India free and fair. Students learn about universal adult franchise, regular elections, constituencies, voter lists, candidate nominations, campaigning, secret ballots and vote counting. It also examines the role of the Election Commission in setting rules, monitoring campaigns and addressing malpractices, while considering challenges such as money power, misuse of official resources and unequal opportunities for candidates.

Practice questions

Why are parties given freedom to present their manifestos in elections?If officials give priority to supporters of a particular party at a polling station, what problem will arise?Why are transparency and secrecy both necessary in the electoral process?Why are the powers of the Election Commission not limited only to announcing dates?Why is citizens’ alertness useful for free and fair elections?How does keeping records at every stage from polling to counting strengthen elections?Which is the best combination for keeping elections in India free and fair?How does pressure on voters by socially influential people affect election fairness?If election rules are clear but applied in a biased way, what will be the biggest problem?What will happen if equal rules are not applied to candidates and parties in elections?If the Election Commission is not independent of the government, which basic condition of free and fair elections would weaken first?Why can a minister announcing a new government scheme after the Model Code of Conduct comes into force be considered objectionable?How can money power deeply distort electoral competition?Why does retaining dead persons and ineligible names in the voter list affect fairness?If opposition is repeatedly denied permission for meetings in an area, which electoral principle weakens?Why does it become difficult to protect voters from vote-selling or pressure without secret ballot?Why is use of muscle power in elections not only a law-and-order issue but also a democratic problem?Why is submitting election expenditure accounts a fairness measure, not merely accounting?Seeking votes on the basis of caste or religion weakens which quality of democratic elections?How can unequal access to polling stations affect poor and remote voters?