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Which of the following functions \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is onto?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: \(f(x)=x^3-x\)

The function \(f(x)=x^3-x\) is a continuous cubic polynomial. As \(x\to\infty\), \(f(x)\to\infty\), and as \(x\to-\infty\), \(f(x)\to-\infty\). By continuity, it takes every real value, so its range is \(\mathbb{R}\) and it is onto. In contrast, \(e^x\) takes only positive values and is therefore not onto \(\mathbb{R}\). Exam tip: to test onto-ness, check whether every element of the stated codomain has at least one preimage.

Related tags

Onto FunctionSurjective FunctionRangeCodomainRelations And FunctionsClass 12 MathematicsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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