A. जहां देश की आर्थिक गतिविधियां नियंत्रित और संचालित होती हैं/Area where a country's economic activities are controlled and operated
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production within economic territory. Political boundary and economic territory are not always identical.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जहां देश की आर्थिक गतिविधियां नियंत्रित और संचालित होती हैं / Area where a country's economic activities are controlled and operated. GDP measures production within economic territory. Political boundary and economic territory are not always identical.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP economic territory में हुए production को मापता है। Political boundary और economic territory हमेशा एक जैसे नहीं होते।
GDP is based on the location of production. A service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होंगी / Included in GDP. GDP is based on the location of production. A service provided within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP production location पर आधारित होता है। Domestic territory में दी गई service GDP में शामिल होती है।
A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत के घरेलू क्षेत्र से बाहर हुआ/Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a location-based domestic measure. Production abroad may relate to national aggregate, not GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उत्पादन भारत के घरेलू क्षेत्र से बाहर हुआ / Because production occurred outside India's domestic territory. GDP is a location-based domestic measure. Production abroad may relate to national aggregate, not GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP location-based domestic measure है। विदेश में उत्पादन national aggregate से जुड़ सकता है, GDP से नहीं।
A. दोनों घरेलू क्षेत्र से जुड़े होते हैं/Both are linked with domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP and domestic income are both linked with production within domestic territory. (NFIA) adjustment is separate for national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों घरेलू क्षेत्र से जुड़े होते हैं / Both are linked with domestic territory. GDP and domestic income are both linked with production within domestic territory. (NFIA) adjustment is separate for national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP और domestic income दोनों domestic territory के production से जुड़े हैं। National aggregate के लिए (NFIA) का adjustment अलग होता है।
\(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) crore. (NIT) is deducted when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 12300 करोड़ / 12300 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) crore. (NIT) is deducted when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=13200-900=12300\) करोड़ होगा। Market price से factor cost पर (NIT) घटाया जाता है।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) crore. With negative (NIT), MP value can be lower than FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 11550 करोड़ / 11550 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) crore. With negative (NIT), MP value can be lower than FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=11800-250=11550\) करोड़। Negative (NIT) होने पर MP value FC से कम हो सकती है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है/Depreciation has not been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Gross means depreciation is included. Depreciation must be deducted for a net measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है / Depreciation has not been deducted. Gross means depreciation is included. Depreciation must be deducted for a net measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ depreciation included है। Net measure के लिए depreciation घटानी पड़ती है।
(GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) raises the domestic aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 10200 करोड़ / 10200 crore. (GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) crore. Deducting negative (NFIA) raises the domestic aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(GDP_{FC}=GNP_{FC}-NFIA=9800-(-400)=10200) करोड़। Negative (NFIA) घटाने पर domestic aggregate बढ़ता है।
A. Output value से intermediate consumption घटाकर/By deducting intermediate consumption from output value
Step 1
Concept
Value added shows newly added value. It is calculated as output minus intermediate consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Output value से intermediate consumption घटाकर / By deducting intermediate consumption from output value. Value added shows newly added value. It is calculated as output minus intermediate consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added नई जोड़ी गई value को दिखाता है। इसे output minus intermediate consumption से निकालते हैं।
A. Double counting से बचना/Avoiding double counting
Step 1
Concept
Both approaches prevent repeated counting of intermediate goods. The aim is to measure correct current final output in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Double counting से बचना / Avoiding double counting. Both approaches prevent repeated counting of intermediate goods. The aim is to measure correct current final output in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दोनों approaches intermediate goods की repeated counting रोकती हैं। GDP में सही current final output मापना उद्देश्य है।
A. क्योंकि वही value final goods में पहले से शामिल होती है/Because the same value is already included in final goods
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate goods are used in producing final goods and get included in final value. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वही value final goods में पहले से शामिल होती है / Because the same value is already included in final goods. Intermediate goods are used in producing final goods and get included in final value. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods final goods की production में use होकर final value में शामिल हो जाते हैं। अलग से जोड़ने पर double counting होती है।
A. Domestic production को सही मापना/To measure domestic production correctly
Step 1
Concept
Exports are domestic production and imports are foreign production. Therefore, (X-M) keeps GDP limited to domestic output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic production को सही मापना / To measure domestic production correctly. Exports are domestic production and imports are foreign production. Therefore, (X-M) keeps GDP limited to domestic output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Exports domestic production हैं और imports foreign production हैं। इसलिए (X-M) GDP को domestic output तक सीमित रखता है।
A. नई मशीनें और inventory change/New machines and inventory change
Step 1
Concept
Investment may include new capital goods and stock changes. Financial asset resale is not current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई मशीनें और inventory change / New machines and inventory change. Investment may include new capital goods and stock changes. Financial asset resale is not current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Investment में new capital goods और stock changes शामिल हो सकते हैं। Financial asset resale current production नहीं है।
A. वर्तमान उत्पादन का एक भाग अभी बेचा नहीं गया/A part of current production has not yet been sold
Step 1
Concept
Inventory increase is the unsold portion of current output. It is included in GDP as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वर्तमान उत्पादन का एक भाग अभी बेचा नहीं गया / A part of current production has not yet been sold. Inventory increase is the unsold portion of current output. It is included in GDP as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inventory increase current output का unsold portion है। इसे investment के रूप में GDP में शामिल किया जाता है।
Operating surplus is linked with property and enterprise incomes. It is part of factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Rent, interest and profit. Operating surplus is linked with property and enterprise incomes. It is part of factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Operating surplus property और enterprise incomes से जुड़ा होता है। यह factor income का भाग है।
The labour and enterprise income of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्व-नियोजित व्यक्तियों / Self-employed persons. The labour and enterprise income of self-employed persons are not clearly separated. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-employed की labour और enterprise income अलग-अलग स्पष्ट नहीं होती। इसलिए इसे mixed income कहा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का reward नहीं है/Because it is not a reward for current productive service
Step 1
Concept
A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. GDP counts income or output linked with current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current productive service का reward नहीं है / Because it is not a reward for current productive service. A lottery prize is a transfer-type receipt. GDP counts income or output linked with current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer-type receipt है। GDP में current production से जुड़ी income या output गिना जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले भुगतान नहीं है/Because it is not payment for current production
Step 1
Concept
Pension can be a transfer payment and is not a reward for current output. GDP is a production-based measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन के बदले भुगतान नहीं है / Because it is not payment for current production. Pension can be a transfer payment and is not a reward for current output. GDP is a production-based measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pension transfer payment हो सकती है और current output का reward नहीं है। GDP production-based measure है।
A. क्योंकि वह current year production नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
The old vehicle's production was already counted in some earlier year. Adding resale value will wrongly raise current GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current year production नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. The old vehicle's production was already counted in some earlier year. Adding resale value will wrongly raise current GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old vehicle का production पहले ही किसी वर्ष में count हो चुका है। Resale value जोड़ने से current GDP गलत बढ़ेगा।
A. क्योंकि यह current service output है/Because it is current service output
Step 1
Concept
The resale value of the old vehicle is not included, but the mechanic's current service can be included. GDP measures current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current service output है / Because it is current service output. The resale value of the old vehicle is not included, but the mechanic's current service can be included. GDP measures current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old vehicle का resale value शामिल नहीं होता लेकिन mechanic की current service शामिल हो सकती है। GDP current production को मापता है।
A. जब वह current production हो और उसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो/When it is current production and has an estimated value
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is current production. Even if not sold in the market, its estimated value can be taken.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह current production हो और उसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो / When it is current production and has an estimated value. Self-consumed farm output is current production. Even if not sold in the market, its estimated value can be taken.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output current production है। Market में न बिकने पर भी उसका estimated value लिया जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि उसका market transaction नहीं होता/Because it has no market transaction
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services do not enter monetary records. Therefore GDP is not considered a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका market transaction नहीं होता / Because it has no market transaction. Unpaid household services do not enter monetary records. Therefore GDP is not considered a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services monetary record में नहीं आतीं। इसलिए GDP welfare का पूर्ण measure नहीं माना जाता।
A restaurant meal is a market transaction and current service-output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होगा / It will be included in GDP. A restaurant meal is a market transaction and current service-output. Therefore, it can be included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restaurant meal market transaction और current service-output है। इसलिए इसे GDP में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
Nominal GDP is at current prices, while real GDP is at constant prices. Real GDP removes the price effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों के प्रभाव से / Effect of prices. Nominal GDP is at current prices, while real GDP is at constant prices. Real GDP removes the price effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर होता है जबकि real GDP constant prices पर। Real GDP price effect हटाता है।
A. Price level base year से लगभग (10%) अधिक है/Price level is about (10%) higher than base year
Step 1
Concept
When the deflator is above (100), prices are above the base year. (110) means about (10%) higher price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Price level base year से लगभग (10%) अधिक है / Price level is about (10%) higher than base year. When the deflator is above (100), prices are above the base year. (110) means about (10%) higher price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Deflator (100) से ऊपर होने पर prices base year से अधिक होते हैं। (110) का अर्थ लगभग (10%) higher price level है।
A. Prices बढ़े हैं लेकिन real output घटा है/Prices have risen but real output has fallen
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP can rise due to price effect. A fall in real GDP shows a decrease in real production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Prices बढ़े हैं लेकिन real output घटा है / Prices have risen but real output has fallen. Nominal GDP can rise due to price effect. A fall in real GDP shows a decrease in real production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP price effect से बढ़ सकता है। Real GDP घटना वास्तविक production में कमी दिखाता है।
A. यह income distribution नहीं दिखाता/It does not show income distribution
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP shows an average but not inequality. Check distribution separately in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह income distribution नहीं दिखाता / It does not show income distribution. Per capita GDP shows an average but not inequality. Check distribution separately in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP average बताता है लेकिन inequality नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में distribution अलग से देखें।
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. If population grows faster, the average may fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घट सकता है / It may fall. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. If population grows faster, the average may fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP total GDP को population से divide करके मिलता है। Population तेजी से बढ़े तो average घट सकता है।
A. क्योंकि pollution, inequality और leisure जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं/Because aspects like pollution, inequality and leisure may be missed
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures monetary output but not all aspects of welfare. Therefore, do not treat GDP as a complete welfare indicator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि pollution, inequality और leisure जैसे पहलू छूट सकते हैं / Because aspects like pollution, inequality and leisure may be missed. GDP measures monetary output but not all aspects of welfare. Therefore, do not treat GDP as a complete welfare indicator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP monetary output मापता है लेकिन welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं। इसलिए GDP को welfare का पूर्ण indicator न मानें।
A. GDP growth welfare को overstate कर सकती है/GDP growth may overstate welfare
Step 1
Concept
Environmental damage is not fully shown in output data. Welfare may fall even when GDP rises.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP growth welfare को overstate कर सकती है / GDP growth may overstate welfare. Environmental damage is not fully shown in output data. Welfare may fall even when GDP rises.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Environmental damage output data में पूरी तरह नहीं दिखता। GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है।
A. GDP बढ़ सकता है लेकिन नुकसान welfare घटा सकता है/GDP can rise but damage can reduce welfare
Step 1
Concept
Repair services can increase current output. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ सकता है लेकिन नुकसान welfare घटा सकता है / GDP can rise but damage can reduce welfare. Repair services can increase current output. But damage from the disaster can reduce welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Repair services current output बढ़ा सकती हैं। लेकिन disaster का नुकसान welfare को कम कर सकता है।
Paid domestic service is a market transaction. Therefore, it can be included in GDP as current service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होती हैं / Included in GDP. Paid domestic service is a market transaction. Therefore, it can be included in GDP as current service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid domestic service market transaction है। इसलिए यह GDP में current service output के रूप में शामिल हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि मकान housing service देता है जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो सकता है/Because the house provides housing service with an estimated value
Step 1
Concept
An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar housing services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि मकान housing service देता है जिसका अनुमानित मूल्य हो सकता है / Because the house provides housing service with an estimated value. An owner-occupied house also provides housing service. Imputed rent gives consistent valuation of similar housing services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Owner-occupied house भी housing service प्रदान करता है। Imputed rent से similar housing services का consistent valuation होता है।
A. नया phone current production है, resale current production नहीं है/New phone is current production, resale is not current production
Step 1
Concept
GDP counts current year production. Resale of an old phone is transfer of earlier production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नया phone current production है, resale current production नहीं है / New phone is current production, resale is not current production. GDP counts current year production. Resale of an old phone is transfer of earlier production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP current year production को गिनता है। पुराने phone की resale पहले की production का transfer है।
A. GDP का अनुमान कम या अधूरा हो सकता है/GDP estimate may be low or incomplete
Step 1
Concept
If informal sector data is not fully captured, output may be underreported. Keep measurement limitations in mind.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP का अनुमान कम या अधूरा हो सकता है / GDP estimate may be low or incomplete. If informal sector data is not fully captured, output may be underreported. Keep measurement limitations in mind.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Informal sector का data पूरी तरह capture न हो तो output underreported हो सकता है। Measurement limitation को ध्यान में रखें।
A. क्योंकि एक का expenditure दूसरे की income और output value से जुड़ता है/Because one's expenditure is linked with another's income and output value
Step 1
Concept
Production, income and expenditure are different views of the same circular flow. Therefore, with correct data, results should be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि एक का expenditure दूसरे की income और output value से जुड़ता है / Because one's expenditure is linked with another's income and output value. Production, income and expenditure are different views of the same circular flow. Therefore, with correct data, results should be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Production, income और expenditure same circular flow के अलग views हैं। इसलिए सही data पर results समान होने चाहिए।
A. जब GDP को national aggregate में बदलना हो/When GDP is to be converted into a national aggregate
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA) is used in domestic-national conversion. Use (NIT) for GDP MP-FC conversion and depreciation for gross-net conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब GDP को national aggregate में बदलना हो / When GDP is to be converted into a national aggregate. (NFIA) is used in domestic-national conversion. Use (NIT) for GDP MP-FC conversion and depreciation for gross-net conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NFIA) domestic-national conversion में उपयोग होता है। GDP के MP-FC conversion में (NIT) और gross-net conversion में depreciation देखें।
A. (NIT), depreciation और (NFIA) के signs मिलाना/Mixing signs of (NIT), depreciation and (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
In GDP conversion, (NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to net conversion and (NFIA) to national conversion. Identify all three separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT), depreciation और (NFIA) के signs मिलाना / Mixing signs of (NIT), depreciation and (NFIA). In GDP conversion, (NIT) relates to valuation, depreciation to net conversion and (NFIA) to national conversion. Identify all three separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP conversion में (NIT) valuation, depreciation net और (NFIA) national conversion से जुड़ा है। तीनों को अलग-अलग पहचानें।
