Even when NFIA is negative, it is added in the formula, reducing the value. In exams apply the sign along with the number.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation-NIT\). Even when NFIA is negative, it is added in the formula, reducing the value. In exams apply the sign along with the number.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA negative हो तब भी formula में NFIA जोड़ा जाता है, जिससे value घटती है। परीक्षा में sign को number के साथ ही apply करें।
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) crore. In exams negative NFIA and NIT both reduce the value.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹2450 करोड़ / ₹2450 crore. National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) crore. In exams negative NFIA and NIT both reduce the value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income \(=NNP_{FC}=3000-120-250-180=2450\) करोड़। परीक्षा में negative NFIA और NIT दोनों घटते हैं।
A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं/Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and factor cost value can exceed market price. In exams identify the negative NIT case.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Subsidies indirect taxes से अधिक हैं / Subsidies are greater than indirect taxes. When subsidies are greater, NIT is negative and factor cost value can exceed market price. In exams identify the negative NIT case.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब subsidies अधिक होती हैं तो NIT negative होता है और factor cost value market price से अधिक हो सकती है। परीक्षा में negative NIT वाली स्थिति पहचानें।
A. NFIA जोड़ना और NIT घटाना/Add NFIA and subtract NIT
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is needed. In exams do only domestic-national and MP-FC conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना और NIT घटाना / Add NFIA and subtract NIT. \(NDP_{MP}\) is already net, so no depreciation adjustment is needed. In exams do only domestic-national and MP-FC conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}\) पहले से net है, इसलिए depreciation adjustment नहीं होता। परीक्षा में केवल domestic-national और MP-FC conversion करें।
\(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) crore. Do not subtract depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1200 करोड़ / ₹1200 crore. \(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) crore. Do not subtract depreciation again when the aggregate is already net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=1250+60-110=1200\) करोड़। परीक्षा में net aggregate होने पर depreciation फिर से न घटाएं।
The difference between GNPFC and NNPFC is depreciation. At the same national and cost basis, check gross-net difference in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उच्च depreciation / High depreciation. The difference between GNPFC and NNPFC is depreciation. At the same national and cost basis, check gross-net difference in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNPFC और NNPFC का अंतर depreciation होता है। परीक्षा में same national और same cost basis पर gross-net difference देखें।
Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation, so \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) crore. Treat both names as the same adjustment in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1840 करोड़ / ₹1840 crore. Consumption of fixed capital is depreciation, so \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) crore. Treat both names as the same adjustment in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Consumption of fixed capital depreciation है, इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100-260=1840\) करोड़। परीक्षा में दोनों नामों को एक ही adjustment मानें।
GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. First identify whether the aggregate is national or domestic in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA adjustment. GNP is already a national aggregate, so NFIA is not needed. First identify whether the aggregate is national or domestic in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP पहले से national aggregate है, इसलिए NFIA की जरूरत नहीं होती। परीक्षा में aggregate के national या domestic nature को पहले पहचानें।
The national-domestic difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price and net basis, NFIA is the adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=NDP_{MP}+NFIA\). The national-domestic difference between NNP and NDP comes from NFIA. At the same price and net basis, NFIA is the adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP और NDP में national-domestic difference NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में same price और same net basis पर NFIA ही adjustment है।
NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) crore. When national value is lower, treat NFIA as negative in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹-75 करोड़ / ₹-75 crore. NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) crore. When national value is lower, treat NFIA as negative in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA \(=NNP_{MP}-NDP_{MP}=1525-1600=-75\) करोड़। परीक्षा में national value कम होने पर NFIA negative समझें।
From \(GDP_{FC}\), after making it national and net, add NIT for MP. In exams add NIT when moving from FC to MP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ें, depreciation घटाएं, NIT जोड़ें / Add NFIA, subtract depreciation, add NIT. From \(GDP_{FC}\), after making it national and net, add NIT for MP. In exams add NIT when moving from FC to MP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}\) से national और net बनाने के बाद MP के लिए NIT जोड़ना होगा। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) crore. Keep the sign of NIT correct when changing the final price basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1400 करोड़ / ₹1400 crore. \(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) crore. Keep the sign of NIT correct when changing the final price basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{MP}=1400+50-90+40=1400\) करोड़। परीक्षा में final price basis बदलते समय NIT का sign सही रखें।
From NNPFC to GDPMP, convert national to domestic, net to gross and FC to MP. Change signs in reverse movement in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाएं, depreciation जोड़ें, NIT जोड़ें / Subtract NFIA, add depreciation, add NIT. From NNPFC to GDPMP, convert national to domestic, net to gross and FC to MP. Change signs in reverse movement in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC से GDPMP के लिए national से domestic, net से gross और FC से MP conversion होते हैं। परीक्षा में reverse movement में signs बदलें।
\(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) crore. From NNPFC to GDPMP, NFIA is subtracted and depreciation and NIT are added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1930 करोड़ / ₹1930 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) crore. From NNPFC to GDPMP, NFIA is subtracted and depreciation and NIT are added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=1800-100+150+80=1930\) करोड़। परीक्षा में NNPFC से GDPMP तक NFIA घटता और depreciation, NIT जुड़ते हैं।
A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध factor income/Net factor income earned by normal residents
Step 1
Concept
\(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and relates to factor income of normal residents. Keep the difference between territorial output and resident income clear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित शुद्ध factor income / Net factor income earned by normal residents. \(NNP_{FC}\) is national income and relates to factor income of normal residents. Keep the difference between territorial output and resident income clear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}\) national income है और normal residents की factor income से संबंधित है। परीक्षा में territorial output और resident income में अंतर रखें।
A. Domestic product से national product/Domestic product to national product
Step 1
Concept
Factor income paid to foreigners affects NFIA. In exams separate domestic territory income from residents' income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic product से national product / Domestic product to national product. Factor income paid to foreigners affects NFIA. In exams separate domestic territory income from residents' income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशियों को गई factor income NFIA को प्रभावित करती है। परीक्षा में domestic territory की income और residents की income अलग करें।
A. विदेश को दी गई factor income विदेश से प्राप्त income से अधिक है/Factor income paid abroad is greater than income received from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher. In exams understand the sign of NFIA through foreign income flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश को दी गई factor income विदेश से प्राप्त income से अधिक है / Factor income paid abroad is greater than income received from abroad. Negative NFIA means income paid abroad is higher. In exams understand the sign of NFIA through foreign income flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA negative होने का अर्थ paid abroad income ज्यादा है। परीक्षा में NFIA का sign foreign income flows से समझें।
A. Non-factor income शामिल हो जाएगी/Non-factor income will be included
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments are not received for factor service. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) only with factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Non-factor income शामिल हो जाएगी / Non-factor income will be included. Transfer payments are not received for factor service. In exams link \(NNP_{FC}\) only with factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments factor service के बदले नहीं मिलते। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC}\) को केवल factor income से जोड़ें।
Lottery prize is a transfer receipt, not factor income. In exams treat only rewards for productive services as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लॉटरी पुरस्कार / Lottery prize. Lottery prize is a transfer receipt, not factor income. In exams treat only rewards for productive services as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lottery prize transfer receipt है, factor income नहीं। परीक्षा में productive service के reward को ही factor income मानें।
A. यह चालू वर्ष की productive service है/It is a productive service of the current year
Step 1
Concept
The value of old shares is not current output, but broker service is current production. In exams separate asset transfer from service output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह चालू वर्ष की productive service है / It is a productive service of the current year. The value of old shares is not current output, but broker service is current production. In exams separate asset transfer from service output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने shares का मूल्य current output नहीं है, पर broker service current production है। परीक्षा में asset transfer और service output अलग करें।
A. नए computer की अंतिम बिक्री/Final sale of a new computer
Step 1
Concept
Sale of a new final good is current production. Separately adding an intermediate component causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नए computer की अंतिम बिक्री / Final sale of a new computer. Sale of a new final good is current production. Separately adding an intermediate component causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई final good की sale current production है। परीक्षा में intermediate component को अलग से जोड़ने से double counting होगी।
A. उनका मूल्य final goods में already embodied होता है/Their value is already embodied in final goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final output. Use value added or final product approach to avoid double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उनका मूल्य final goods में already embodied होता है / Their value is already embodied in final goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final output. Use value added or final product approach to avoid double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods का value final output में शामिल रहता है। परीक्षा में value added या final product approach से double counting रोकें।
Under final product approach only the final value of bread, ₹50, is taken. Adding flour separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹50. Under final product approach only the final value of bread, ₹50, is taken. Adding flour separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final product approach में केवल bread का अंतिम मूल्य ₹50 लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में flour को अलग जोड़ना double counting करेगा।
Value added (=50-20=30). In exams final product and value added approaches may look different but both avoid double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹30. Value added (=50-20=30). In exams final product and value added approaches may look different but both avoid double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added (=50-20=30) है। परीक्षा में final product और value added approach अलग दिख सकते हैं पर double counting रोकते हैं।
Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods, so adding them separately is double counting. Remember the final goods only rule.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Double counting. Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods, so adding them separately is double counting. Remember the final goods only rule.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods final goods के value में शामिल होते हैं, इसलिए अलग जोड़ना double counting है। परीक्षा में final goods only rule याद रखें।
A. पुरानी किताब की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य/Full resale value of an old book
Step 1
Concept
Full resale value of an old book is not current production. In exams separate current year output from old asset transfer.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी किताब की पुनर्बिक्री का पूरा मूल्य / Full resale value of an old book. Full resale value of an old book is not current production. In exams separate current year output from old asset transfer.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी किताब का full resale value current production नहीं है। परीक्षा में current year output को पुराने asset transfer से अलग करें।
A. Market valuation और recording कठिन होगी/Market valuation and recording will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Reliable market value and record of unpaid services are difficult to determine. Include paid productive services and generally exclude unpaid personal services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Market valuation और recording कठिन होगी / Market valuation and recording will be difficult. Reliable market value and record of unpaid services are difficult to determine. Include paid productive services and generally exclude unpaid personal services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid services का reliable market value और record तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include और unpaid personal services को सामान्यतः exclude करें।
A. पुरानी property की sale पर agent commission/Agent commission on sale of old property
Step 1
Concept
Full value of old property is not current production, but agent commission is current service. Separate old asset and service charge in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पुरानी property की sale पर agent commission / Agent commission on sale of old property. Full value of old property is not current production, but agent commission is current service. Separate old asset and service charge in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old property का full value current production नहीं है, पर agent commission current service है। परीक्षा में old asset और service charge अलग करें।
A. विश्वसनीय data और legal reporting की कमी/Lack of reliable data and legal reporting
Step 1
Concept
Reliable records of illegal activities are not available. In exams understand data limitations of national income accounting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विश्वसनीय data और legal reporting की कमी / Lack of reliable data and legal reporting. Reliable records of illegal activities are not available. In exams understand data limitations of national income accounting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैध गतिविधियों का reliable record उपलब्ध नहीं होता। परीक्षा में national income accounting की data limitations समझें।
A. Net output capacity में कमी/Fall in net output capacity
Step 1
Concept
Higher depreciation reduces net product. Treat NNP as an indicator of productive capacity left after capital wear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Net output capacity में कमी / Fall in net output capacity. Higher depreciation reduces net product. Treat NNP as an indicator of productive capacity left after capital wear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अधिक depreciation से net product कम होता है। परीक्षा में NNP को capital wear के बाद बची productive capacity का संकेत मानें।
NNP is obtained after subtracting depreciation from GNP, so faster depreciation growth can reduce NNP. Compare changes using the formula in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP कम हो सकता है / NNP may fall. NNP is obtained after subtracting depreciation from GNP, so faster depreciation growth can reduce NNP. Compare changes using the formula in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP GNP से depreciation घटाने पर मिलता है, इसलिए तेज depreciation growth NNP घटा सकती है। परीक्षा में changes को formula से compare करें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so if NNPMP is constant, a fall in NIT can raise NNPFC. Infer through MP-FC relation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT घट गया है / NIT has decreased. \(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), so if NNPMP is constant, a fall in NIT can raise NNPFC. Infer through MP-FC relation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NNP_{MP}-NIT\), इसलिए NNPMP समान रहते हुए NIT घटने से NNPFC बढ़ सकता है। परीक्षा में MP-FC relation से inference करें।
NNPFC is obtained by subtracting NIT from market price value. In exams equal increases can make the net effect zero.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह समान रह सकता है / It may remain same. NNPFC is obtained by subtracting NIT from market price value. In exams equal increases can make the net effect zero.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC market price value से NIT घटाकर मिलता है। परीक्षा में equal increase होने पर net effect zero हो सकता है।
To get NNPMP, depreciation is subtracted from GNPMP. Combine two relations while forming expanded formula in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(NNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA-Depreciation\). To get NNPMP, depreciation is subtracted from GNPMP. Combine two relations while forming expanded formula in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP पाने के लिए GNPMP से depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में expanded formula बनाते समय दो relations जोड़ें।
National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and NIT is needed to derive it from \(NNP_{MP}\). Identify price basis conversion in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NIT. National income is \(NNP_{FC}\) and NIT is needed to derive it from \(NNP_{MP}\). Identify price basis conversion in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National income \(NNP_{FC}\) है और \(NNP_{MP}\) से इसे पाने के लिए NIT चाहिए। परीक्षा में price basis conversion पहचानें।
NIT (=140-40=100), so national income (=1150-100=1050) crore. First calculate NIT from indirect tax and subsidy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1050 करोड़ / ₹1050 crore. NIT (=140-40=100), so national income (=1150-100=1050) crore. First calculate NIT from indirect tax and subsidy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=140-40=100), इसलिए national income (=1150-100=1050) करोड़। परीक्षा में indirect tax और subsidy से NIT पहले निकालें।
NIT (=90-120=-30), so \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) crore. Add NIT when moving from FC to MP, even if it is negative.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹970 करोड़ / ₹970 crore. NIT (=90-120=-30), so \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) crore. Add NIT when moving from FC to MP, even if it is negative.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=90-120=-30), इसलिए \(NNP_{MP}=1000-30=970\) करोड़। परीक्षा में FC से MP जाते समय NIT जोड़ें, चाहे वह negative हो।
A. \(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\)/From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
From GNPMP to NNPMP, only gross to net conversion is involved, so depreciation is deducted. Do not use NIT when price basis is the same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GNP_{MP}\) से \(NNP_{MP}\) / From \(GNP_{MP}\) to \(NNP_{MP}\). From GNPMP to NNPMP, only gross to net conversion is involved, so depreciation is deducted. Do not use NIT when price basis is the same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNPMP से NNPMP में केवल gross से net conversion है, इसलिए depreciation घटता है। परीक्षा में same price basis होने पर NIT न लगाएं।
Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) crore. At the same MP basis, the difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹240 करोड़ / ₹240 crore. Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) crore. At the same MP basis, the difference between GNP and NNP is depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation (=2000-1760=240) करोड़। परीक्षा में same MP basis पर GNP और NNP का अंतर depreciation होता है।
On the same net and factor cost basis, the difference between NNP and NDP comes only from NFIA. Do not link this equality with price basis in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA शून्य है / NFIA is zero. On the same net and factor cost basis, the difference between NNP and NDP comes only from NFIA. Do not link this equality with price basis in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Same net और factor cost basis पर NNP और NDP का अंतर केवल NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में equality का reason price basis से नहीं जोड़ें।
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), so if NNPFC is greater, NFIA is positive. Derive the sign from the relation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. धनात्मक / Positive. \(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), so if NNPFC is greater, NFIA is positive. Derive the sign from the relation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NNP_{FC}=NDP_{FC}+NFIA\), इसलिए NNPFC अधिक होने पर NFIA positive है। परीक्षा में relation से sign निकालें।
A. NNP output बताता है, पर welfare को पूरी तरह नहीं मापता/NNP shows output but does not fully measure welfare
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a measure of net output, but distribution and non-market factors may differ. Do not treat income aggregates as perfect welfare indexes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP output बताता है, पर welfare को पूरी तरह नहीं मापता / NNP shows output but does not fully measure welfare. NNP is a measure of net output, but distribution and non-market factors may differ. Do not treat income aggregates as perfect welfare indexes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP net output का measure है, लेकिन distribution और non-market factors अलग रह सकते हैं। परीक्षा में income aggregate को welfare का perfect index न मानें।
A. Welfare पर निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलेगा/No definite conclusion about welfare can be drawn
Step 1
Concept
NNP shows total net output, not distribution. In welfare questions, treat inequality as a limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Welfare पर निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलेगा / No definite conclusion about welfare can be drawn. NNP shows total net output, not distribution. In welfare questions, treat inequality as a limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP total net output दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में welfare questions में inequality को limitation मानें।
Depreciation is used for gross-net, NFIA for domestic-national and NIT for MP-FC. These three keywords are the backbone of NNP numericals.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Depreciation, NFIA, NIT. Depreciation is used for gross-net, NFIA for domestic-national and NIT for MP-FC. These three keywords are the backbone of NNP numericals.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross-net के लिए depreciation, domestic-national के लिए NFIA और MP-FC के लिए NIT उपयोग होता है। परीक्षा में ये तीन keywords NNP numericals की backbone हैं।
NIT (=140-50=90), so \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then apply all adjustments with correct signs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1920 करोड़ / ₹1920 crore. NIT (=140-50=90), so \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) crore. In exams first calculate NIT and then apply all adjustments with correct signs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT (=140-50=90), इसलिए \(NNP_{FC}=2100+80-170-90=1920\) करोड़। परीक्षा में पहले NIT निकालें फिर सभी adjustments सही sign से लगाएं।
