A. एक वर्ष में घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का सकल मूल्य/Gross value of final goods and services produced within domestic territory in one year
Step 1
Concept
GDP is the gross value of final output within domestic territory. In exams, connect the word Domestic with economic territory.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक वर्ष में घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का सकल मूल्य / Gross value of final goods and services produced within domestic territory in one year. GDP is the gross value of final output within domestic territory. In exams, connect the word Domestic with economic territory.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP घरेलू क्षेत्र के अंतिम उत्पादन का सकल मूल्य है। परीक्षा में Domestic शब्द को economic territory से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह देश के आर्थिक क्षेत्र में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है/Because it measures production within the country's economic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on the location of production. In national aggregate, residence principle is more important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह देश के आर्थिक क्षेत्र में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है / Because it measures production within the country's economic territory. GDP is based on the location of production. In national aggregate, residence principle is more important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP का आधार उत्पादन का स्थान है। National aggregate में residence principle अधिक महत्वपूर्ण होता है।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking final goods avoids counting intermediate goods twice. Remember the final value principle in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids counting intermediate goods twice. Remember the final value principle in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods का मूल्य दो बार नहीं गिना जाता। GDP में final value principle याद रखें।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
GNP is obtained by adding (NFIA) to GDP. GDP is domestic while GNP is national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. GNP is obtained by adding (NFIA) to GDP. GDP is domestic while GNP is national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP में GDP के साथ (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। GDP domestic है जबकि GNP national है।
A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास अभी घटाया नहीं गया होता/Because depreciation has not yet been deducted
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a gross measure, so depreciation remains included. Depreciation is deducted for Net Domestic Product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्यह्रास अभी घटाया नहीं गया होता / Because depreciation has not yet been deducted. GDP is a gross measure, so depreciation remains included. Depreciation is deducted for Net Domestic Product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP gross measure है इसलिए depreciation included रहता है। Net domestic product के लिए depreciation घटाया जाता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है/Depreciation is deducted
Step 1
Concept
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\). Deduct depreciation to convert Gross into Net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है / Depreciation is deducted. \(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\). Deduct depreciation to convert Gross into Net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(NDP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}-Depreciation\) होता है। Gross से Net में conversion के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\). Add net indirect taxes to move from factor cost to market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) जोड़ा जाता है / (NIT) is added. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\). Add net indirect taxes to move from factor cost to market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\) होता है। Factor cost से market price पर जाने में net indirect taxes जोड़ें।
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Net indirect taxes are removed to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NIT) घटाएं / Deduct (NIT). \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Net indirect taxes are removed to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) होता है। Market price से factor cost में net indirect taxes हटाए जाते हैं।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष करों का प्रभाव/Effect of net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the net effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. This is called (NIT).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष करों का प्रभाव / Effect of net indirect taxes. Market price includes the net effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. This is called (NIT).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का net effect शामिल रहता है। इसे (NIT) कहा जाता है।
A. \(GDP_{FC}\), \(GDP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है/\(GDP_{FC}\) can be greater than \(GDP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Deducting negative (NIT) can increase \(GDP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{FC}\), \(GDP_{MP}\) से अधिक हो सकता है / \(GDP_{FC}\) can be greater than \(GDP_{MP}\). \(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\). Deducting negative (NIT) can increase \(GDP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=GDP_{MP}-NIT\) है। Negative (NIT) घटाने पर \(GDP_{FC}\) बढ़ सकता है।
A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाकर वास्तविक उत्पादन जानना/To know real output after removing price change effect
Step 1
Concept
Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This gives a better estimate of real GDP growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाकर वास्तविक उत्पादन जानना / To know real output after removing price change effect. Constant prices remove the effect of inflation. This gives a better estimate of real GDP growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant prices inflation के प्रभाव को हटाते हैं। इससे real GDP growth का बेहतर अनुमान मिलता है।
Nominal GDP can rise due to price rise. If real GDP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में वृद्धि हुई है / Prices have increased. Nominal GDP can rise due to price rise. If real GDP is constant, real output has not increased.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP price rise से बढ़ सकता है। Real GDP स्थिर हो तो वास्तविक output नहीं बढ़ा।
A. नाममात्र GDP और वास्तविक GDP के अनुपात से/Ratio of nominal GDP and real GDP
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator is a broad indicator of price level. It is derived by comparing nominal GDP with real GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाममात्र GDP और वास्तविक GDP के अनुपात से / Ratio of nominal GDP and real GDP. GDP deflator is a broad indicator of price level. It is derived by comparing nominal GDP with real GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator price level का व्यापक सूचक है। यह nominal GDP को real GDP से तुलना करके निकाला जाता है।
The expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember the formula as (C+I+G+(X-M)).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (C+I+G+(X-M)). The expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember the formula as (C+I+G+(X-M)).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports शामिल होते हैं। Formula को (C+I+G+(X-M)) के रूप में याद रखें।
A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है/It prevents double counting of intermediate goods
Step 1
Concept
The value added approach counts newly added value at each production stage. This avoids recounting intermediate goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह intermediate goods की double counting रोकता है / It prevents double counting of intermediate goods. The value added approach counts newly added value at each production stage. This avoids recounting intermediate goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added approach हर उत्पादन चरण में नई value को गिनता है। इससे intermediate goods दोबारा नहीं गिने जाते।
Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) crore. Deducting intermediate consumption is necessary in the product method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1600 करोड़ / 1600 crore. Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) crore. Deducting intermediate consumption is necessary in the product method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross value added (=Output-Intermediate\ Consumption=1600) करोड़। Product method में intermediate consumption घटाना जरूरी है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
The income method includes factor incomes. Compensation of employees is a key component of the GDP income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. The income method includes factor incomes. Compensation of employees is a key component of the GDP income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes शामिल होती हैं। Compensation of employees GDP income method का प्रमुख घटक है।
A. क्योंकि वह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
The old house was already counted when it was produced. GDP focuses on current year production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. The old house was already counted when it was produced. GDP focuses on current year production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने मकान का निर्माण पहले ही गिना जा चुका होता है। GDP current year production पर केंद्रित रहता है।
A. क्योंकि commission वर्तमान सेवा का मूल्य है/Because commission is the value of a current service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old good is not current output, but broker service is current production. Therefore, commission can be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि commission वर्तमान सेवा का मूल्य है / Because commission is the value of a current service. The value of the old good is not current output, but broker service is current production. Therefore, commission can be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु का मूल्य current output नहीं है लेकिन broker service current production है। इसलिए commission शामिल हो सकता है।
GDP is based on location of production. Therefore, output of a foreign company within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP में शामिल होगा / It will be included in GDP. GDP is based on location of production. Therefore, output of a foreign company within domestic territory is included in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP production location पर आधारित है। इसलिए domestic territory में विदेशी कंपनी का उत्पादन GDP में शामिल होता है।
A. क्योंकि वह domestic territory के बाहर अर्जित है/Because it is earned outside domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures production within domestic territory. Factor income earned abroad is linked with GNP or national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह domestic territory के बाहर अर्जित है / Because it is earned outside domestic territory. GDP measures production within domestic territory. Factor income earned abroad is linked with GNP or national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है। विदेश में अर्जित factor income GNP या national aggregates से जुड़ती है।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है जिसका अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य हो सकता है/Because it is current output with an estimated market value
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is current production even if not sold in the market. Its estimated value can be taken in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान उत्पादन है जिसका अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य हो सकता है / Because it is current output with an estimated market value. Self-consumed farm output is current production even if not sold in the market. Its estimated value can be taken in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output बाजार में न बिके फिर भी current production है। उसका estimated value GDP में लिया जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता/Because their market value is generally not recorded
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household services have no market transaction. GDP is not a complete measure of welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उनका बाजार मूल्य सामान्यतः दर्ज नहीं होता / Because their market value is generally not recorded. Unpaid household services have no market transaction. GDP is not a complete measure of welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services का market transaction नहीं होता। GDP welfare का पूर्ण माप नहीं है।
A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market activities जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not fully show aspects like distribution and non-market activities
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total market output but not all aspects of welfare. In exams, clarify the difference between GDP and welfare.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market activities जैसे पहलुओं को पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not fully show aspects like distribution and non-market activities. GDP shows total market output but not all aspects of welfare. In exams, clarify the difference between GDP and welfare.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP कुल market output दिखाता है लेकिन welfare के सभी पक्ष नहीं। Exam में GDP और welfare का अंतर स्पष्ट करें।
A. GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है/Welfare may fall even when GDP rises
Step 1
Concept
GDP may show rising output but not pollution loss. Also consider environment in welfare analysis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP बढ़ने पर भी welfare घट सकता है / Welfare may fall even when GDP rises. GDP may show rising output but not pollution loss. Also consider environment in welfare analysis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output बढ़ने को दिखा सकता है लेकिन pollution loss नहीं दिखाता। Welfare analysis में environment को भी देखें।
A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because imports are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures domestic production. Spending on imports is not domestic output, so (M) is deducted in (X-M).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because imports are not domestic production. GDP measures domestic production. Spending on imports is not domestic output, so (M) is deducted in (X-M).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic production को मापता है। Imports पर खर्च घरेलू output नहीं है इसलिए (X-M) में (M) घटाते हैं।
A. जब वे वर्तमान वर्ष में नए उत्पादित हों/When they are newly produced in the current year
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures current production. New capital goods are included as investment like final goods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वे वर्तमान वर्ष में नए उत्पादित हों / When they are newly produced in the current year. GDP measures current production. New capital goods are included as investment like final goods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP current production को मापता है। नए capital goods final goods की तरह investment में शामिल होते हैं।
A. अनबिकी अंतिम वस्तुओं और stock में परिवर्तन/Unsold final goods and change in stock
Step 1
Concept
Unsold goods are also part of current production. Therefore, increase in stock can be counted in GDP as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनबिकी अंतिम वस्तुओं और stock में परिवर्तन / Unsold final goods and change in stock. Unsold goods are also part of current production. Therefore, increase in stock can be counted in GDP as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unsold goods भी current production का भाग हैं। इसलिए stock में वृद्धि investment के रूप में GDP में गिनी जा सकती है।
In the expenditure method, (G) represents government final consumption expenditure. Keep it separate from transfer payments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Expenditure method. In the expenditure method, (G) represents government final consumption expenditure. Keep it separate from transfer payments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में (G) सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय को दर्शाता है। इसे transfer payments से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Unemployment allowance is not payment for current production. It is not included in GDP as final output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. Unemployment allowance is not payment for current production. It is not included in GDP as final output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unemployment allowance current production के बदले payment नहीं है। इसे GDP में final output के रूप में शामिल नहीं किया जाता।
A. कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर/By dividing total GDP by population
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP shows average domestic output per person. Divide total GDP by population for it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर / By dividing total GDP by population. Per capita GDP shows average domestic output per person. Divide total GDP by population for it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP average domestic output प्रति व्यक्ति दिखाता है। इसके लिए total GDP को population से divide करें।
A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र की परिभाषा को ध्यान से लागू किया जाता है/The definition of economic territory is applied carefully
Step 1
Concept
The institutional definition of economic territory is important in GDP. In cases like embassies, boundary and economic territory can differ.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र की परिभाषा को ध्यान से लागू किया जाता है / The definition of economic territory is applied carefully. The institutional definition of economic territory is important in GDP. In cases like embassies, boundary and economic territory can differ.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में economic territory की institutional definition महत्वपूर्ण होती है। Embassy जैसे मामलों में सीमा और economic territory अलग हो सकते हैं।
A. constant prices पर real GDP/Real GDP at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output growth after removing price effect. Constant prices are more useful in growth comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. constant prices पर real GDP / Real GDP at constant prices. Real GDP shows output growth after removing price effect. Constant prices are more useful in growth comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price effect हटाकर output growth दिखाता है। Growth comparison में constant prices अधिक उपयोगी हैं।
A. Value added में intermediate consumption घटाया जाता है/Intermediate consumption is deducted in value added
Step 1
Concept
Value added is the newly added value in production. It is calculated by deducting intermediate consumption from output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Value added में intermediate consumption घटाया जाता है / Intermediate consumption is deducted in value added. Value added is the newly added value in production. It is calculated by deducting intermediate consumption from output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Value added उत्पादन में नई जोड़ी गई value है। इसे output से intermediate consumption घटाकर निकाला जाता है।
A. परिवारों और सरकार द्वारा/By households and government
Step 1
Concept
In the expenditure method, household consumption and government final consumption can both be included. Keep them separate from intermediate consumption.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों और सरकार द्वारा / By households and government. In the expenditure method, household consumption and government final consumption can both be included. Keep them separate from intermediate consumption.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में household consumption और government final consumption दोनों शामिल हो सकते हैं। इन्हें intermediate consumption से अलग रखें।
A. दिया गया aggregate MP या FC और gross या net है/Whether the given aggregate is MP or FC and gross or net
Step 1
Concept
In GDP conversion, first identify valuation basis and gross-net status. Then apply correct signs of (NIT) and depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दिया गया aggregate MP या FC और gross या net है / Whether the given aggregate is MP or FC and gross or net. In GDP conversion, first identify valuation basis and gross-net status. Then apply correct signs of (NIT) and depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP conversion में valuation basis और gross-net status पहले पहचानें। फिर (NIT) और depreciation के signs सही लगाएं।
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) crore. When (NIT) is negative, market price value can be less than factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 6900 करोड़ / 6900 crore. \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) crore. When (NIT) is negative, market price value can be less than factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT=7200-300=6900\) करोड़ होगा। Negative (NIT) होने पर market price value factor cost से कम हो सकती है।
