Class 12 Economics - National Income and Related Aggregates - Aggregates related to national income - GNP Hard Quiz

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यदि एक फर्म का कुल उत्पादन मूल्य ₹90,000 है, मध्यवर्ती उपभोग ₹35,000 है और स्थिर पूंजी उपभोग ₹5,000 है, तो मूल्य वर्धन विधि में शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन कितना होगा?

If a firm has total output value of ₹90,000, intermediate consumption of ₹35,000 and consumption of fixed capital of ₹5,000, what will be net value added under the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹50,000

Step 1

Concept

Net value added is (NVA = Output - Intermediate Consumption - Depreciation). In exams, calculate gross value added first.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹50,000. Net value added is (NVA = Output - Intermediate Consumption - Depreciation). In exams, calculate gross value added first.

Step 3

Exam Tip

शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन (NVA = Output - Intermediate Consumption - Depreciation) होता है। परीक्षा में पहले सकल मूल्य वर्धन निकालें।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में किसी उद्योग का सकल मूल्य वर्धन किस आधार पर निकाला जाता है?

In the value added method, gross value added of an industry is calculated on which basis?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. उत्पादन का मूल्य घटाकर मध्यवर्ती उपभोगValue of output minus intermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Gross value added is the difference between value of output and intermediate consumption. Do not treat sales as output unless change in stock is adjusted.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. उत्पादन का मूल्य घटाकर मध्यवर्ती उपभोग / Value of output minus intermediate consumption. Gross value added is the difference between value of output and intermediate consumption. Do not treat sales as output unless change in stock is adjusted.

Step 3

Exam Tip

सकल मूल्य वर्धन उत्पादन मूल्य और मध्यवर्ती उपभोग का अंतर है। परीक्षा में बिक्री को सीधे उत्पादन न मानें जब तक स्टॉक परिवर्तन न जोड़ा जाए।

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यदि बिक्री ₹2,00,000, आरंभिक स्टॉक ₹20,000 और अंतिम स्टॉक ₹35,000 है, तो उत्पादन का मूल्य कितना होगा?

If sales are ₹2,00,000, opening stock is ₹20,000 and closing stock is ₹35,000, what will be the value of output?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹2,15,000

Step 1

Concept

Value of output is (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock). When stock rises, output is greater than sales.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹2,15,000. Value of output is (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock). When stock rises, output is greater than sales.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन मूल्य (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock) होता है। स्टॉक बढ़ने पर उत्पादन बिक्री से अधिक होता है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा मद मध्यवर्ती उपभोग में शामिल होगा?

Which of the following items will be included in intermediate consumption?

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Correct Answer

C. उत्पादन में प्रयुक्त कच्चा मालRaw material used in production

Step 1

Concept

Raw material is used up in the production process, so it is intermediate consumption. A machine is a capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. उत्पादन में प्रयुक्त कच्चा माल / Raw material used in production. Raw material is used up in the production process, so it is intermediate consumption. A machine is a capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कच्चा माल उत्पादन प्रक्रिया में पूरी तरह उपयोग हो जाता है इसलिए मध्यवर्ती उपभोग है। मशीन पूंजीगत वस्तु है।

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यदि किसी फर्म का सकल मूल्य वर्धन बाजार मूल्य पर ₹1,50,000 है, अप्रत्यक्ष कर ₹20,000 और सब्सिडी ₹8,000 है, तो सकल मूल्य वर्धन साधन लागत पर कितना होगा?

If a firm's gross value added at market price is ₹1,50,000, indirect taxes are ₹20,000 and subsidies are ₹8,000, what will be gross value added at factor cost?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹1,38,000

Step 1

Concept

At factor cost, \(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Taxes\). Net indirect taxes equal taxes minus subsidies.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹1,38,000. At factor cost, \(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Taxes\). Net indirect taxes equal taxes minus subsidies.

Step 3

Exam Tip

साधन लागत पर \(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Taxes\) होता है। शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर में कर से सब्सिडी घटती है।

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दोहरी गणना की समस्या मुख्यतः किस कारण उत्पन्न होती है?

The problem of double counting mainly arises due to which reason?

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Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं को अंतिम वस्तुओं के साथ जोड़ने सेAdding intermediate goods along with final goods

Step 1

Concept

Intermediate goods are already included in the value of final goods. Adding them separately causes double counting.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं को अंतिम वस्तुओं के साथ जोड़ने से / Adding intermediate goods along with final goods. Intermediate goods are already included in the value of final goods. Adding them separately causes double counting.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मध्यवर्ती वस्तुएं अंतिम वस्तुओं के मूल्य में पहले से शामिल होती हैं। इन्हें अलग से जोड़ने पर दोहरी गणना होती है।

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यदि किसान गेहूं ₹10,000 में मिल को बेचता है, मिल आटा ₹18,000 में बेकरी को बेचती है और बेकरी ब्रेड ₹30,000 में उपभोक्ता को बेचती है, तो कुल मूल्य वर्धन कितना होगा?

If a farmer sells wheat to a mill for ₹10,000, the mill sells flour to a bakery for ₹18,000 and the bakery sells bread to consumers for ₹30,000, what is total value added?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹30,000

Step 1

Concept

Adding value added at each stage gives the value of the final good. Here (10000 + 8000 + 12000 = 30000).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹30,000. Adding value added at each stage gives the value of the final good. Here (10000 + 8000 + 12000 = 30000).

Step 3

Exam Tip

हर चरण का मूल्य वर्धन जोड़ने पर अंतिम वस्तु का मूल्य मिलता है। यहां (10000 + 8000 + 12000 = 30000) है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में स्व-उपभोग के लिए उत्पादित वस्तुओं का व्यवहार कैसे किया जाता है?

How are goods produced for self-consumption treated in the value added method?

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Correct Answer

B. उन्हें बाजार मूल्य पर अनुमानित करके शामिल किया जाता हैThey are included by estimating market value

Step 1

Concept

The imputed market value of production for self-consumption is included in national income. Do not treat non-market output as zero in exams.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. उन्हें बाजार मूल्य पर अनुमानित करके शामिल किया जाता है / They are included by estimating market value. The imputed market value of production for self-consumption is included in national income. Do not treat non-market output as zero in exams.

Step 3

Exam Tip

स्व-उपभोग के उत्पादन का अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में गैर-बाजार उत्पादन को शून्य न मानें।

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किसी उत्पादन इकाई का उत्पादन मूल्य ₹5,00,000, मध्यवर्ती उपभोग ₹2,10,000, मूल्यह्रास ₹40,000 और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ₹30,000 है। शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन साधन लागत पर कितना होगा?

A production unit has output value ₹5,00,000, intermediate consumption ₹2,10,000, depreciation ₹40,000 and net indirect taxes ₹30,000. What is net value added at factor cost?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹2,20,000

Step 1

Concept

First calculate \(GVA_{MP} = 500000 - 210000 = 290000\). Deducting depreciation and net indirect taxes gives ₹2,20,000.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹2,20,000. First calculate \(GVA_{MP} = 500000 - 210000 = 290000\). Deducting depreciation and net indirect taxes gives ₹2,20,000.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पहले \(GVA_{MP} = 500000 - 210000 = 290000\) निकालें। फिर मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाने पर ₹2,20,000 मिलता है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा उत्पादन सीमा के अंदर माना जाएगा?

Which of the following will be considered within the production boundary?

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Correct Answer

B. किराये पर दिए मकान की आवासीय सेवाHousing service of a rented house

Step 1

Concept

Service of a rented house is linked with a market transaction. Personal domestic services are generally not included in national income.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. किराये पर दिए मकान की आवासीय सेवा / Housing service of a rented house. Service of a rented house is linked with a market transaction. Personal domestic services are generally not included in national income.

Step 3

Exam Tip

किराये पर दिए मकान की सेवा बाजार लेन-देन से जुड़ी है। घरेलू निजी सेवाएं सामान्यतः राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल नहीं होतीं।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में पुरानी कार की बिक्री से प्राप्त राशि को क्यों शामिल नहीं किया जाता?

Why is the sale value of an old car not included in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. क्योंकि इसका उत्पादन चालू वर्ष में नहीं हुआBecause it was not produced in the current year

Step 1

Concept

National income includes only current year's production. Including resale value of an old good would distort calculation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. क्योंकि इसका उत्पादन चालू वर्ष में नहीं हुआ / Because it was not produced in the current year. National income includes only current year's production. Including resale value of an old good would distort calculation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

राष्ट्रीय आय में केवल चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन शामिल होता है। पुरानी वस्तु की पुनर्विक्रय राशि शामिल करने से गलत गणना होगी।

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पुरानी मशीन बेचने पर दलाल को मिला कमीशन मूल्य वर्धन विधि में क्यों शामिल होता है?

Why is commission earned by a broker on selling an old machine included in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. क्योंकि कमीशन चालू वर्ष की सेवा का मूल्य हैBecause commission is value of current year service

Step 1

Concept

The value of the old machine is not included, but the broker's service is a current year service. In exams, distinguish the good from the service.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. क्योंकि कमीशन चालू वर्ष की सेवा का मूल्य है / Because commission is value of current year service. The value of the old machine is not included, but the broker's service is a current year service. In exams, distinguish the good from the service.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पुरानी मशीन का मूल्य शामिल नहीं होगा, पर दलाल की सेवा चालू वर्ष में उत्पादित सेवा है। परीक्षा में वस्तु और सेवा को अलग पहचानें।

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एक फर्म द्वारा खरीदा गया ईंधन, जो उत्पादन में उसी वर्ष खर्च हो जाता है, मूल्य वर्धन विधि में क्या कहलाएगा?

Fuel purchased by a firm and used up in production during the same year is called what in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. मध्यवर्ती उपभोगIntermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Fuel used up in production is intermediate consumption. It is deducted from value of output while finding value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. मध्यवर्ती उपभोग / Intermediate consumption. Fuel used up in production is intermediate consumption. It is deducted from value of output while finding value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन में खर्च हो जाने वाला ईंधन मध्यवर्ती उपभोग है। इसे मूल्य वर्धन निकालते समय उत्पादन मूल्य से घटाया जाता है।

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यदि उत्पादन मूल्य में उत्पाद कर शामिल है, तो साधन लागत पर मूल्य वर्धन निकालते समय क्या करना होगा?

If product tax is included in value of output, what must be done to find value added at factor cost?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. उत्पाद कर घटाना होगाProduct tax must be deducted

Step 1

Concept

Product tax raises market price above factor cost. Net indirect taxes are deducted to reach factor cost.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. उत्पाद कर घटाना होगा / Product tax must be deducted. Product tax raises market price above factor cost. Net indirect taxes are deducted to reach factor cost.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पाद कर बाजार मूल्य को साधन लागत से ऊपर ले जाता है। साधन लागत के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाया जाता है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में अंतिम उत्पाद विधि की तुलना में मुख्य लाभ क्या है?

What is the main advantage of the value added method compared with the final product method?

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Correct Answer

B. यह उत्पादन के प्रत्येक चरण में योगदान दिखाती हैIt shows contribution at each stage of production

Step 1

Concept

The value added method shows the net contribution of each production unit. It also helps avoid double counting.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. यह उत्पादन के प्रत्येक चरण में योगदान दिखाती है / It shows contribution at each stage of production. The value added method shows the net contribution of each production unit. It also helps avoid double counting.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मूल्य वर्धन विधि प्रत्येक उत्पादन इकाई का शुद्ध योगदान बताती है। इससे दोहरी गणना से बचने में भी मदद मिलती है।

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यदि सकल मूल्य वर्धन बाजार मूल्य पर ₹80 करोड़, मूल्यह्रास ₹10 करोड़ और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ₹6 करोड़ है, तो शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन साधन लागत पर कितना होगा?

If gross value added at market price is ₹80 crore, depreciation is ₹10 crore and net indirect taxes are ₹6 crore, what is net value added at factor cost?

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Correct Answer

D. ₹64 करोड़₹64 crore

Step 1

Concept

\(NVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Depreciation - Net Indirect Taxes\). Therefore (80 - 10 - 6 = 64) crore.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is D. ₹64 करोड़ / ₹64 crore. \(NVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Depreciation - Net Indirect Taxes\). Therefore (80 - 10 - 6 = 64) crore.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(NVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Depreciation - Net Indirect Taxes\) है। इसलिए (80 - 10 - 6 = 64) करोड़।

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एक वस्तु का उत्पादन तीन फर्मों द्वारा क्रमशः ₹25,000, ₹40,000 और ₹70,000 के बिक्री मूल्य पर आगे बढ़ता है। यदि पहली फर्म का कोई मध्यवर्ती उपभोग नहीं है, तो कुल मूल्य वर्धन कितना होगा?

A good passes through three firms with sale values ₹25,000, ₹40,000 and ₹70,000 respectively. If the first firm has no intermediate consumption, what is total value added?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹70,000

Step 1

Concept

Total value added equals the value of the final good. The stage-wise sum is (25000 + 15000 + 30000 = 70000).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹70,000. Total value added equals the value of the final good. The stage-wise sum is (25000 + 15000 + 30000 = 70000).

Step 3

Exam Tip

कुल मूल्य वर्धन अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य के बराबर होगा। चरणों का जोड़ (25000 + 15000 + 30000 = 70000) है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में आकस्मिक लाभ, जैसे लॉटरी जीत, को क्यों शामिल नहीं किया जाता?

Why are windfall gains such as lottery winnings not included in the value added method?

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Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि वे उत्पादन से उत्पन्न नहीं होतेBecause they do not arise from production

Step 1

Concept

Lottery winnings are not income generated from production. National income includes production-linked income and value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे उत्पादन से उत्पन्न नहीं होते / Because they do not arise from production. Lottery winnings are not income generated from production. National income includes production-linked income and value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

लॉटरी जीत उत्पादन प्रक्रिया से उत्पन्न आय नहीं है। राष्ट्रीय आय में उत्पादन से जुड़ी आय और मूल्य वर्धन ही शामिल होते हैं।

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किस स्थिति में फर्म की बिक्री और उत्पादन मूल्य समान होंगे?

In which situation will a firm's sales and value of output be equal?

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Correct Answer

B. जब अंतिम स्टॉक आरंभिक स्टॉक के बराबर होWhen closing stock equals opening stock

Step 1

Concept

If change in stock is zero, value of output equals sales. In exams, check change in stock separately.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. जब अंतिम स्टॉक आरंभिक स्टॉक के बराबर हो / When closing stock equals opening stock. If change in stock is zero, value of output equals sales. In exams, check change in stock separately.

Step 3

Exam Tip

यदि स्टॉक में परिवर्तन शून्य है तो उत्पादन मूल्य बिक्री के बराबर होगा। परीक्षा में स्टॉक परिवर्तन को अलग से जांचें।

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यदि अंतिम स्टॉक आरंभिक स्टॉक से कम हो, तो उत्पादन मूल्य बिक्री की तुलना में कैसा होगा?

If closing stock is less than opening stock, how will value of output compare with sales?

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Correct Answer

C. बिक्री से कमLess than sales

Step 1

Concept

Value of output is (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock). When closing stock is lower, value of output becomes less than sales.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. बिक्री से कम / Less than sales. Value of output is (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock). When closing stock is lower, value of output becomes less than sales.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन मूल्य (Sales + Closing Stock - Opening Stock) है। अंतिम स्टॉक कम होने पर उत्पादन मूल्य बिक्री से कम हो जाता है।

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एक फर्म का \(GVA_{MP}\) ₹4,00,000 है, सब्सिडी ₹25,000, अप्रत्यक्ष कर ₹65,000 और मूल्यह्रास ₹50,000 है। \(NVA_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

A firm has \(GVA_{MP}\) ₹4,00,000, subsidy ₹25,000, indirect tax ₹65,000 and depreciation ₹50,000. What will be \(NVA_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹3,10,000

Step 1

Concept

Net indirect tax is (65000 - 25000 = 40000). (400000 - 50000 - 40000 = 310000) is correct.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹3,10,000. Net indirect tax is (65000 - 25000 = 40000). (400000 - 50000 - 40000 = 310000) is correct.

Step 3

Exam Tip

शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (65000 - 25000 = 40000) है। (400000 - 50000 - 40000 = 310000) सही है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में निम्न में से किसे अंतिम वस्तु माना जाएगा?

Which of the following will be treated as a final good in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. परिवार द्वारा खरीदी गई ब्रेडBread bought by a household

Step 1

Concept

Bread bought by a household is for final consumption. Goods bought by producers are often intermediate consumption.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. परिवार द्वारा खरीदी गई ब्रेड / Bread bought by a household. Bread bought by a household is for final consumption. Goods bought by producers are often intermediate consumption.

Step 3

Exam Tip

परिवार द्वारा खरीदी गई ब्रेड अंतिम उपभोग के लिए है। उत्पादक द्वारा खरीदी वस्तुएं अक्सर मध्यवर्ती उपभोग होती हैं।

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उत्पादन विधि से राष्ट्रीय आय निकालते समय सभी उत्पादक इकाइयों के किस माप को जोड़ा जाता है?

While estimating national income by the production method, which measure of all producing units is added?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन साधन लागत परNet value added at factor cost

Step 1

Concept

In the production method, \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors is added to get domestic income. Net factor income from abroad is adjusted for national income.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन साधन लागत पर / Net value added at factor cost. In the production method, \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors is added to get domestic income. Net factor income from abroad is adjusted for national income.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन विधि में सभी क्षेत्रों का \(NVA_{FC}\) जोड़कर घरेलू आय मिलती है। राष्ट्रीय आय के लिए विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय समायोजित की जाती है।

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यदि सभी क्षेत्रों का \(NVA_{FC}\) ₹900 करोड़ है और विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय ₹50 करोड़ है, तो राष्ट्रीय आय कितनी होगी?

If \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors is ₹900 crore and net factor income from abroad is ₹50 crore, what is national income?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹950 करोड़₹950 crore

Step 1

Concept

\(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors is domestic income. National income is obtained by (Domestic Income + NFIA).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹950 करोड़ / ₹950 crore. \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors is domestic income. National income is obtained by (Domestic Income + NFIA).

Step 3

Exam Tip

सभी क्षेत्रों का \(NVA_{FC}\) घरेलू आय होता है। राष्ट्रीय आय (Domestic Income + NFIA) से मिलती है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में आयातित कच्चे माल का मूल्य कैसे माना जाएगा?

How is the value of imported raw material treated in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती उपभोग में शामिल कर घटाया जाएगाIncluded in intermediate consumption and deducted

Step 1

Concept

Imported raw material is also an intermediate good used in production. Deducting it leaves only domestic value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती उपभोग में शामिल कर घटाया जाएगा / Included in intermediate consumption and deducted. Imported raw material is also an intermediate good used in production. Deducting it leaves only domestic value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

आयातित कच्चा माल भी उत्पादन में प्रयुक्त मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है। इसे घटाने से केवल घरेलू मूल्य वर्धन बचता है।

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सरकारी विभाग द्वारा जनता को दी गई मुफ्त शिक्षा सेवा का मूल्य किस आधार पर शामिल किया जाता है?

The value of free education service provided by a government department is included on what basis?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. उत्पादन लागतCost of production

Step 1

Concept

Government non-market services are generally valued at cost of production. It includes wages and other production expenses.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. उत्पादन लागत / Cost of production. Government non-market services are generally valued at cost of production. It includes wages and other production expenses.

Step 3

Exam Tip

सरकारी गैर-बाजार सेवाओं का मूल्य सामान्यतः लागत के आधार पर मापा जाता है। इसमें मजदूरी और अन्य उत्पादन खर्च शामिल होते हैं।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में मालिक द्वारा स्वयं के कारखाने में लगाया गया श्रम, यदि अलग से भुगतान नहीं है, तो किस रूप में समझा जा सकता है?

In the value added method, owner's labour in own factory without separate payment may be understood as what?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. उत्पादन में योगदान का अप्रत्यक्ष हिस्साImputed part of contribution to production

Step 1

Concept

In self-employment, return to labour and capital may be included in mixed income. Do not treat it as outside production in exams.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. उत्पादन में योगदान का अप्रत्यक्ष हिस्सा / Imputed part of contribution to production. In self-employment, return to labour and capital may be included in mixed income. Do not treat it as outside production in exams.

Step 3

Exam Tip

स्वरोजगार में श्रम और पूंजी का प्रतिफल मिश्रित आय में शामिल हो सकता है। परीक्षा में इसे उत्पादन से बाहर न मानें।

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यदि किसी इकाई का \(NVA_{FC}\) ऋणात्मक आता है, तो इसका सबसे उपयुक्त अर्थ क्या है?

If a unit's \(NVA_{FC}\) comes negative, what is the most appropriate meaning?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. घटाव मद उत्पादन योगदान से अधिक हैंDeduction items exceed production contribution

Step 1

Concept

Sometimes adjustments like depreciation and net indirect taxes may exceed gross value added. Do not immediately treat a negative result as impossible in calculation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. घटाव मद उत्पादन योगदान से अधिक हैं / Deduction items exceed production contribution. Sometimes adjustments like depreciation and net indirect taxes may exceed gross value added. Do not immediately treat a negative result as impossible in calculation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कभी-कभी मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर जैसे समायोजन सकल मूल्य वर्धन से अधिक हो सकते हैं। गणना में ऋणात्मक परिणाम को तुरंत असंभव न मानें।

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एक निर्माता द्वारा खरीदी गई पैकेजिंग सामग्री, जो अंतिम उत्पाद बेचते समय साथ चली जाती है, सामान्यतः क्या मानी जाएगी?

Packaging material purchased by a manufacturer, which goes with the final product when sold, is generally treated as what?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. मध्यवर्ती उपभोगIntermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Packaging material is an input used in the production and selling process. It is deducted while calculating value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती उपभोग / Intermediate consumption. Packaging material is an input used in the production and selling process. It is deducted while calculating value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पैकेजिंग सामग्री उत्पादन और बिक्री प्रक्रिया में प्रयुक्त इनपुट है। इसे मूल्य वर्धन निकालते समय घटाया जाता है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा कथन मूल्य वर्धन के बारे में सही है?

Which statement about value added is correct?

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Correct Answer

B. यह उत्पादन मूल्य और मध्यवर्ती उपभोग का अंतर हैIt is the difference between value of output and intermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Value added is the new contribution of a producing unit. It may include factor incomes and certain adjustments.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. यह उत्पादन मूल्य और मध्यवर्ती उपभोग का अंतर है / It is the difference between value of output and intermediate consumption. Value added is the new contribution of a producing unit. It may include factor incomes and certain adjustments.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मूल्य वर्धन उत्पादन इकाई का नया योगदान है। इसमें साधन आय और कुछ समायोजन शामिल हो सकते हैं।

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यदि एक फर्म की बिक्री ₹8,00,000, अंतिम स्टॉक ₹90,000, आरंभिक स्टॉक ₹1,20,000 और मध्यवर्ती उपभोग ₹3,50,000 है, तो \(GVA_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

If a firm has sales ₹8,00,000, closing stock ₹90,000, opening stock ₹1,20,000 and intermediate consumption ₹3,50,000, what is \(GVA_{MP}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹4,20,000

Step 1

Concept

Value of output is (800000 + 90000 - 120000 = 770000). \(GVA_{MP} = 770000 - 350000 = 420000\).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹4,20,000. Value of output is (800000 + 90000 - 120000 = 770000). \(GVA_{MP} = 770000 - 350000 = 420000\).

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन मूल्य (800000 + 90000 - 120000 = 770000) है। \(GVA_{MP} = 770000 - 350000 = 420000\) है।

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अंतिम वस्तुओं की पहचान में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कसौटी क्या है?

What is the most important criterion for identifying final goods?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. वस्तु का अंतिम उपयोगFinal use of the good

Step 1

Concept

The same good may be final or intermediate depending on its use. In exams, focus on the buyer and use.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. वस्तु का अंतिम उपयोग / Final use of the good. The same good may be final or intermediate depending on its use. In exams, focus on the buyer and use.

Step 3

Exam Tip

एक ही वस्तु उपयोग के आधार पर अंतिम या मध्यवर्ती हो सकती है। परीक्षा में खरीदार और उपयोग पर ध्यान दें।

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यदि कोई स्कूल अपनी बस सेवा के लिए डीजल खरीदता है, तो डीजल को क्या माना जाएगा?

If a school buys diesel for its bus service, what will diesel be treated as?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती उपभोगIntermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Diesel is an input used up in providing the service. Hence it is intermediate consumption in the school's production activity.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती उपभोग / Intermediate consumption. Diesel is an input used up in providing the service. Hence it is intermediate consumption in the school's production activity.

Step 3

Exam Tip

डीजल सेवा प्रदान करने में खर्च होने वाला इनपुट है। इसलिए यह स्कूल की उत्पादन गतिविधि में मध्यवर्ती उपभोग है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा उदाहरण दोहरी गणना से बचने का सही तरीका दिखाता है?

Which example correctly shows a way to avoid double counting?

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Correct Answer

B. केवल अंतिम ब्रेड का मूल्य या हर चरण का मूल्य वर्धन जोड़नाAdding only final bread value or value added at each stage

Step 1

Concept

To avoid double counting, the final goods method or value added method is used. Adding every sale is incorrect.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. केवल अंतिम ब्रेड का मूल्य या हर चरण का मूल्य वर्धन जोड़ना / Adding only final bread value or value added at each stage. To avoid double counting, the final goods method or value added method is used. Adding every sale is incorrect.

Step 3

Exam Tip

दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए अंतिम वस्तु विधि या मूल्य वर्धन विधि अपनाई जाती है। हर बिक्री को जोड़ना गलत है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में घरेलू क्षेत्र की उत्पादक इकाइयों का मूल्य वर्धन जोड़ने से पहले किस आधार पर वर्गीकरण किया जाता है?

Before adding value added of producing units in the domestic territory, on what basis are they classified?

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Correct Answer

B. उद्योग या क्षेत्र के आधार परOn the basis of industry or sector

Step 1

Concept

Producing units are classified into sectors such as primary, secondary and tertiary. This makes estimation systematic.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. उद्योग या क्षेत्र के आधार पर / On the basis of industry or sector. Producing units are classified into sectors such as primary, secondary and tertiary. This makes estimation systematic.

Step 3

Exam Tip

उत्पादन इकाइयों को प्राथमिक, द्वितीयक और तृतीयक जैसे क्षेत्रों में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है। इससे व्यवस्थित अनुमान संभव होता है।

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यदि घरेलू उत्पादन में लगी विदेशी कंपनी भारत में मूल्य वर्धन करती है, तो वह किसमें शामिल होगा?

If a foreign company produces within India and creates value added, where will it be included?

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Correct Answer

A. भारत की घरेलू आय मेंIn India's domestic income

Step 1

Concept

Domestic income is based on production within domestic territory. Even if ownership is foreign, production in India is included in India's domestic income.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. भारत की घरेलू आय में / In India's domestic income. Domestic income is based on production within domestic territory. Even if ownership is foreign, production in India is included in India's domestic income.

Step 3

Exam Tip

घरेलू आय घरेलू सीमा के भीतर हुए उत्पादन पर आधारित होती है। स्वामित्व विदेशी होने पर भी भारत में उत्पादन घरेलू आय में आएगा।

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किसी फर्म का उत्पादन मूल्य ₹12 लाख और मध्यवर्ती उपभोग ₹7 लाख है। यदि मूल्यह्रास ₹1 लाख है, तो \(NVA_{MP}\) कितना होगा?

A firm's value of output is ₹12 lakh and intermediate consumption is ₹7 lakh. If depreciation is ₹1 lakh, what is \(NVA_{MP}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ₹4 लाख₹4 lakh

Step 1

Concept

First \(GVA_{MP} = 12 - 7 = 5\) lakh. After deducting depreciation, \(NVA_{MP} = 4\) lakh.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ₹4 लाख / ₹4 lakh. First \(GVA_{MP} = 12 - 7 = 5\) lakh. After deducting depreciation, \(NVA_{MP} = 4\) lakh.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पहले \(GVA_{MP} = 12 - 7 = 5\) लाख है। फिर मूल्यह्रास घटाकर \(NVA_{MP} = 4\) लाख मिलता है।

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मूल्यह्रास घटाने का मुख्य कारण क्या है?

What is the main reason for deducting depreciation?

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A. पुरानी पूंजी के घिसावट को हटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन निकालनाTo remove wear and tear of old capital and find net output

Step 1

Concept

Depreciation is the estimated wear and tear of fixed capital. It is deducted to calculate net value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. पुरानी पूंजी के घिसावट को हटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन निकालना / To remove wear and tear of old capital and find net output. Depreciation is the estimated wear and tear of fixed capital. It is deducted to calculate net value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मूल्यह्रास स्थिर पूंजी की घिसावट का अनुमान है। शुद्ध मूल्य वर्धन निकालने के लिए इसे घटाया जाता है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा उत्पादक इकाई का आउटपुट नहीं माना जाएगा?

Which of the following will not be treated as output of a producing unit?

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Correct Answer

D. परिवार के सदस्यों द्वारा घर में बिना वेतन सेवाUnpaid domestic service by family members

Step 1

Concept

Unpaid domestic services are kept outside the production boundary. Market or organized production services are included.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is D. परिवार के सदस्यों द्वारा घर में बिना वेतन सेवा / Unpaid domestic service by family members. Unpaid domestic services are kept outside the production boundary. Market or organized production services are included.

Step 3

Exam Tip

अवैतनिक घरेलू सेवाएं उत्पादन सीमा से बाहर रखी जाती हैं। बाजार या संगठित उत्पादन सेवाएं शामिल होती हैं।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में व्यापारिक फर्म का उत्पादन सामान्यतः कैसे मापा जाता है?

How is output of a trading firm generally measured in the value added method?

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Correct Answer

B. व्यापार मार्जिन सेBy trading margin

Step 1

Concept

A trading firm does not manufacture goods but provides trading service. Its output is generally measured by trading margin.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. व्यापार मार्जिन से / By trading margin. A trading firm does not manufacture goods but provides trading service. Its output is generally measured by trading margin.

Step 3

Exam Tip

व्यापारिक फर्म वस्तुओं का निर्माण नहीं करती, बल्कि व्यापार सेवा देती है। उसका आउटपुट सामान्यतः व्यापार मार्जिन माना जाता है।

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यदि एक दुकानदार वस्तु ₹1,00,000 में खरीदकर ₹1,30,000 में बेचता है और अन्य मध्यवर्ती खर्च ₹8,000 हैं, तो उसका सकल मूल्य वर्धन कितना होगा?

If a shopkeeper buys goods for ₹1,00,000 and sells them for ₹1,30,000 with other intermediate expenses of ₹8,000, what is his gross value added?

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Correct Answer

C. ₹22,000

Step 1

Concept

Trading margin is (130000 - 100000 = 30000). After deducting other intermediate expenses, gross value added is ₹22,000.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹22,000. Trading margin is (130000 - 100000 = 30000). After deducting other intermediate expenses, gross value added is ₹22,000.

Step 3

Exam Tip

व्यापार मार्जिन (130000 - 100000 = 30000) है। अन्य मध्यवर्ती खर्च घटाने पर सकल मूल्य वर्धन ₹22,000 है।

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किस मद को मूल्य वर्धन विधि में उत्पादक की मध्यवर्ती लागत के रूप में नहीं घटाया जाना चाहिए?

Which item should not be deducted as intermediate cost of a producer in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. कारखाने का किरायाFactory rent

Step 1

Concept

Factory rent is factor income, not intermediate consumption. Deducting it would understate value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. कारखाने का किराया / Factory rent. Factory rent is factor income, not intermediate consumption. Deducting it would understate value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कारखाने का किराया साधन आय है, मध्यवर्ती उपभोग नहीं। इसे घटाने पर मूल्य वर्धन कम दिखेगा।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में मजदूरी को उत्पादन मूल्य से क्यों नहीं घटाया जाता?

Why are wages not deducted from value of output in the value added method?

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Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि मजदूरी साधन आय है, मध्यवर्ती उपभोग नहींBecause wages are factor income, not intermediate consumption

Step 1

Concept

Wages are the reward for labour in production. Only intermediate consumption is deducted from value added.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि मजदूरी साधन आय है, मध्यवर्ती उपभोग नहीं / Because wages are factor income, not intermediate consumption. Wages are the reward for labour in production. Only intermediate consumption is deducted from value added.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मजदूरी उत्पादन में श्रम का प्रतिफल है। मूल्य वर्धन से केवल मध्यवर्ती उपभोग घटाया जाता है।

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यदि उत्पाद कर ₹12,000 और उत्पाद सब्सिडी ₹18,000 है, तो शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर का मान क्या होगा?

If product tax is ₹12,000 and product subsidy is ₹18,000, what is the value of net indirect tax?

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Correct Answer

D. ₹-6,000

Step 1

Concept

Net indirect tax is (Tax - Subsidy). Here (12000 - 18000 = -6000).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is D. ₹-6,000. Net indirect tax is (Tax - Subsidy). Here (12000 - 18000 = -6000).

Step 3

Exam Tip

शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (Tax - Subsidy) होता है। यहां (12000 - 18000 = -6000) है।

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यदि \(GVA_{MP}\) ₹2,50,000 है और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर ₹-10,000 है, तो \(GVA_{FC}\) कितना होगा?

If \(GVA_{MP}\) is ₹2,50,000 and net indirect tax is ₹-10,000, what will be \(GVA_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. ₹2,60,000

Step 1

Concept

\(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Tax\). Subtracting a negative tax means adding it.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹2,60,000. \(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Tax\). Subtracting a negative tax means adding it.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(GVA_{FC} = GVA_{MP} - Net Indirect Tax\) है। ऋणात्मक कर घटाने का अर्थ उसे जोड़ना है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में अनुमानित किराया किस मामले में शामिल किया जाता है?

In the value added method, imputed rent is included in which case?

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Correct Answer

A. स्वयं के रहने वाले मकान की आवास सेवाHousing service of owner-occupied house

Step 1

Concept

Imputed rent of owner-occupied housing is included. It represents production of housing service.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वयं के रहने वाले मकान की आवास सेवा / Housing service of owner-occupied house. Imputed rent of owner-occupied housing is included. It represents production of housing service.

Step 3

Exam Tip

स्वयं के मकान की आवासीय सेवा का अनुमानित किराया शामिल किया जाता है। यह आवास सेवा के उत्पादन को दर्शाता है।

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यदि किसी फर्म का उत्पादन मूल्य ₹3,60,000 है और \(GVA_{MP}\) ₹1,20,000 है, तो मध्यवर्ती उपभोग कितना होगा?

If a firm's value of output is ₹3,60,000 and \(GVA_{MP}\) is ₹1,20,000, what is intermediate consumption?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. ₹2,40,000

Step 1

Concept

\(GVA_{MP} = Output - Intermediate Consumption\). Therefore intermediate consumption is (360000 - 120000 = 240000).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. ₹2,40,000. \(GVA_{MP} = Output - Intermediate Consumption\). Therefore intermediate consumption is (360000 - 120000 = 240000).

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(GVA_{MP} = Output - Intermediate Consumption\) होता है। इसलिए मध्यवर्ती उपभोग (360000 - 120000 = 240000) है।

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मूल्य वर्धन विधि में उत्पादन के किस चरण का केवल नया योगदान गिना जाता है?

In the value added method, what is counted at each stage of production?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. केवल नया जोड़ा गया मूल्यOnly newly added value

Step 1

Concept

Only newly added value is counted at each production stage. This prevents double counting.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. केवल नया जोड़ा गया मूल्य / Only newly added value. Only newly added value is counted at each production stage. This prevents double counting.

Step 3

Exam Tip

हर उत्पादन चरण में केवल नया जोड़ा गया मूल्य गिना जाता है। यही दोहरी गणना को रोकता है।

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यदि किसी अर्थव्यवस्था में प्राथमिक क्षेत्र का \(NVA_{FC}\) ₹300 करोड़, द्वितीयक क्षेत्र का ₹450 करोड़ और तृतीयक क्षेत्र का ₹550 करोड़ है, तो घरेलू आय कितनी होगी?

If an economy has \(NVA_{FC}\) of primary sector ₹300 crore, secondary sector ₹450 crore and tertiary sector ₹550 crore, what is domestic income?

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Correct Answer

C. ₹1,300 करोड़₹1,300 crore

Step 1

Concept

Domestic income is the sum of \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors. (300 + 450 + 550 = 1300) crore.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. ₹1,300 करोड़ / ₹1,300 crore. Domestic income is the sum of \(NVA_{FC}\) of all sectors. (300 + 450 + 550 = 1300) crore.

Step 3

Exam Tip

घरेलू आय सभी क्षेत्रों के \(NVA_{FC}\) का योग है। (300 + 450 + 550 = 1300) करोड़।

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एक कठिन संख्यात्मक प्रश्न में यदि \(GVA_{MP}\) दिया हो, तो \(NVA_{FC}\) तक पहुंचने के लिए सही क्रम कौन सा है?

In a difficult numerical question, if \(GVA_{MP}\) is given, what is the correct sequence to reach \(NVA_{FC}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर दोनों घटाएंDeduct both depreciation and net indirect taxes

Step 1

Concept

To get \(NVA_{FC}\), depreciation and net indirect taxes are deducted from \(GVA_{MP}\). Remembering the formula helps solve numerical questions quickly.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर दोनों घटाएं / Deduct both depreciation and net indirect taxes. To get \(NVA_{FC}\), depreciation and net indirect taxes are deducted from \(GVA_{MP}\). Remembering the formula helps solve numerical questions quickly.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(NVA_{FC}\) पाने के लिए \(GVA_{MP}\) से मूल्यह्रास और शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटते हैं। सूत्र याद रखने से संख्यात्मक प्रश्न जल्दी हल होते हैं।

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